Romans and Barbarians: Four Views From the Empire's Edge (40 page)

origin and meaning of term

view of Romans

bribery

growing strength

confederations

migrations

barbaricum
(barbarian lands)

Roman intervention

Roman view of

flight into

turbulence

disturbances

Basternians, German tribe

‘Batavian Island'

Belgic Gauls

Bennachie (
see Mons Graupius
)

Berbers

Black Sea

character

climate

Greek colonies

Rome

Goths

‘Bohemian campaign'

Boresti,
British tribe

Boudicca, British queen

Brigantians, British tribe

Britain

Celticism?

geography and climate

vegetation

agriculture

society

Roman superstition of

buildings

chariots

forts

coinage

the North

‘Scotland' (
see also
Agricola)

Druids

Belgic settlement

trade with Rome

arguments for invasion

Caesar

Caligula

Claudius

Bructeri,
German tribe

bucolic style

Burabista, Dacian king

Byron, Lord

Caecina, V. Severus

Caesar, Julius

Caledonia

Calgacus, British chieftain

Caligula, emperor (
AD
37–41)

cannabis

Caratacus, British prince

Carlisle

Carpathian frontier

Carpathian mountains

Cartimandua, British queen

Cassivelaunus, British leader

Caucasus

Celts (
see also
Druids, La Tène)

term

origins

place names

settlement

temperament

disunity

cultural achievement

technical development

comparison with Germans

defensive works

‘oppida'

Gaul

Spain

relations with Rome

views of Rome

conquest by Rome

Cerialis, Petilius

Chattans, German tribe

Cherusci,
German tribe

Chicorius, Conrad

chieftainly burials

Cicero

Cimbri,
German tribe

Claudius, emperor (
AD
41–54)

Clunn, J.A.S.

Cogidubnus, British king

Colchester

commerce, Roman-barbarian

Commodus, emperor (
AD
180–192)

Constantsa (
see Tomis
)

Corbulo, Domitius, general

Crimea

Cynobellinus, British king

Dacia

Roman occupation

Dacians

Dacian War, First

Dacian War, Second

Danube

Danube bridge

David, Jacques, painter

Decebal, Dacian king

deductio in plana

deserters, Roman

Dio Cassius, historian

Diodorus Siculus, historian

Dioscurias
(Sukhumi)

diplomacy, Roman

divination

Domitia, empress

Domitian, emperor (
AD
81–96)

character

Chattan War

Agricola

Dacia

Saturninus

death

Drobetae
(Turnu Severin, Romania)

Druids (
and see
Britain, Druids)

Drusus, stepson of Augustus

economy, Roman

elephants in warfare

Epistulae ex Ponto
(
see
Ovid,
Poems of Exile
)

Euripides

Exeter

Finns (
Fenni
)

Flaccus, Roman officer

Flavus, brother of Armin

Florus, author

fortifications, Roman

Fosse Way (England)

Frontier, Roman

emergence

security

Africa

East

failure

Frontinus, Julius, gov. of Britain

frumentarii,
secret police

Fuscus Cornelius, praetorian prefect

Galba, emperor (
AD
68)

Gaul

Gauls

Georgia

German language

German unification

German War (
see
Augustus, German War)

Germania
(
see
Tacitus)

Germanic kingdoms

Germanicus, son of Drusus

Germans (
see also
Augustus' German War, Basternians, Chattans,
Cherusci
etc)

development

settlement

migrations

society

women

religion

as drinkers

diet

clothing

buildings

shipbuilding

warfare

liberty

resistance

national identity

Germany

terrain

rivers

population

agriculture

commercial penetration

prospect for conquest

Roman coins

as Roman province

Getans, Sarmatian tribe (
see also
Ovid)

Gibbon, Edward

golden fleece legend

Goths

Graves, Robert

Greek colonies, Black Sea

Hadrian, emperor (
AD
117–138)

background

succession

pacifism

foreign policy

army

Hadrianople, battle

Hallstatt, Celtic culture

Hercynian Forest

Hermannsdenkmal (
see also
Armin)

Herod Agrippa II

Herodotus

Hildesheim treasure

Hippalus, navigator

Histria,
Pontic city

Hod Hill, Dorset

Horace

human sacrifice

Huns

Iazyges, Sarmatian tribe

Illyrican revolt

Indo-European group

Ireland

Iron Gates

Iron Gates Road

Jason

Jerome, St

Jerusalem, siege

Jordanes, historian

Josephus, historian

Jotapata (Judaea)
siege

Julia, Augustus' daughter

Julia, Augustus' granddaughter

La Tène, Celtic culture

Langobards, German tribe

Lehman-Hartleben K

lex Julia

Lincoln

Lippe, river

Livia, empress

Livy

‘Lollian disaster'

London

Lucan

Lunt fort (near Coventry)

Maiden Castle, Dorset

Main, river

Mainz

maps, Roman

Maraboduus, Bohemian king

marching camps

Marcomannia
(Bohemia)

Marcomannic War

Marcus Aurelius, emperor (
AD
161–180)

Marius, Caius, general

Massalla, Corvinus, Ovid's patron

Maximus, T. Claudius, officer

Mommsen, Theodor

Mons Graupius,
battle

Moray Firth, Scotland

murus Gallicus
(
see
Celts, defensive works)

Nero, emperor (
AD
54–68)

Nerva, emperor (
AD
96–98)

Netherlands (
see also
‘Batavian Island')

prehistory

Roman

‘noble savage'

nomad-sedentary conflict

nomadism (
see also
steppe)

Noricum
(Austria)

North Sea

Numantia
(Spain)

Octavian (
see
Augustus)

Osnabrück

Ostrogothic Italy

Ovid

various

youth

earlier work

style

Augustus

arrest

exile

arrival in
Tomis

Poems of Exile

pleas for release

climatic descriptions

fears

Getans

steppe

composition

affection for
Tomis

death

influence

summary

Papia-Poppaea laws

Parthia

Paulinus, Suetonius, gov. of Britain

pax Romana

definition

disarmament

failure

Plautius, Aulus, general

Pliny the elder

Pliny the younger

Plutarch

Pontic steppe (
see
steppe)

Pontus Euxinus
(
see
Black Sea)

population

Germany

Britain

Posidonius, author

‘prestige goods dependency'

‘princeps'

principate

Ptolemy, Claudius

Quadans, German tribe

Quietus, Lucius, general

Raetia
(Bavaria)

Ravenna

Rhine

as boundary

tributaries

in German war

Richmond, Sir Ian

river transport

Roman (
see also
agriculture, commerce, diplomacy, economy, fortifications, frontier, maps, principate, strategy, warfare, world conquest and world view)

achievement

and modern empires

authors, bias

barbarian trade (see commerce)

barbarian relations

complacency

deficiencies

empire's extent

eclecticism

fear of barbarians

law

literature, barbarians in

provinces

propaganda

republic's collapse

view of barbarians

Romanian language

Romanization

Rossi, Lino

Runic

Sarmatians (
see also
Dacians, Getans and steppe peoples)

origins and character

cultural condition

horsemanship

weaponry

wagons

religion

health

component tribes

arrival in West

migration halted

attacks on Roman territory

Sarmizegetusa,
Dacian capital

Roman capital

Saturninus, Antoninus

Scapula, P. Ostorius, gov. of Britain

Schlüter, Wolfgang

Scott, Sir Walter

Scyths

Segestes (father-in-law of Armin)

Septimius Severus, emperor (
AD
193–211)

Servius Tullus, Roman king

Sigimer (father of Armin)

slave trade

Spain

St. Albans

St. Joseph, J.K.

steppe (Eurasian grassland belt)

steppe peoples (
see also
nomadism)

Strabo, geographer

strategy, Roman

Suebians (German tribes)

Suetonius, historian

Sulmo (Italy)

Tacitus, Cornelius, historian

biographical

style

Agricola

Annals

Germania

on Germans and Germany

on German War

on Gauls

on Sarmatians

on Roman peace

on imperial responsibility

Tanais,
Pontic city

Tapae
(
Dacia
)

Teutons (German tribe)

Teutoburg Forest

battle of

location

third century crisis

Thusnelda (wife of Armin)

Thule

Thanet, Kent

Tiberius, emperor (
AD
14–47)

German War

retirements

Titus, emperor (
AD
79–81)

Tomis

insecurity

and Rome

Ovid's descriptions

trade (
see
Roman-barbarian commerce)

Trajan, emperor (
AD
98–117)

background and early career

popularity

on Column

on Adamclisi monument

Parthia

death

Trajan's Column

general

frieze

interpretation

artistic conventions

army

errors

war artist

narrative

frontier on

authorship

Trajan's Forum

Transylvania

Tristia
(
see
Ovid,
Poems of Exile
)

Tropaeum Traiani
(
see
Adamclisi)

Vandals

‘Varian disaster'

Varus, P. Quintilius

Vegetius, author

Velleius Paterculus, historian

Venutius, Brigantian pretender

Vercingetorix

Vespasian, emperor (
AD
69–79)

earlier career

in Britain

in
Judaea

accession

sons

British policy

death

Viking age

Viminiacum
(Serbia)

Virgil

Vistula, river

Vitellius, Roman officer

Vitruvius, author

Waal (
Vahales
) river

Wales, Conquest of

warfare, Roman

Weser, river

Wheeler, Sir Mortimer

Wiehen Hills (Germany)

Wilde, Oscar

wine trade

world conquest, Roman expectation of

world view, Roman

‘year of the four emperors' (
AD
69)

York

Also by Derek Williams

The Reach of Rome

ROMANS AND BARBARIANS: FOUR VIEWS FROM THE EMPIRE'S EDGE 1
ST
CENTURY AD
. Copyright © 1998 by Derek Williams. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles or reviews. For information, address St. Martin's Press, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010.

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