Samurai William: The Englishman Who Opened Japan (42 page)

Adams’s will has been published several times; the most accurate version is in Anthony Farrington’s
The English Factory in Japan.
For more on the Fleet of Defense, see Derek Massarella’s
A World Elsewhere.
This is one of the few books to consider in detail the fleet’s failure to deliver.
William Eaton—the sole factory member to return to England—must have had an iron constitution; he was still alive in the late 1660s. At that time, the East India Company was pondering a return to Japan and made contact with him at
his home in Highgate. Eaton refused to cooperate, and the company plans came to nothing.
There have been numerous attempts to trace descendants of Adams, but with no success. During the long period of
sakoku
(the closed country), anyone with foreign blood was expelled from Japan on pain of death. If Joseph Adams had children or grandchildren, he would have kept secret their English ancestry.
The story of
Samurai William
has been drawn from Jacobean letters and journals. I am extremely grateful to the scholars who have collected and published these colorful records. The relevant sources are cited in the Notes and Sources, but one work must be singled out for special mention. Anthony Farrington’s magnificent
The English Factory in Japan
, a monumental collection of original material, has proved invaluable in compiling a portrait of the English in Japan.
I have received much help from researchers and translators. A thank you to Laura Inoue in Tokyo for her advice, hard work, and hot plum brandy. My thanks, as well, to the staff of the Japan Foundation Library in Tokyo. I am also most grateful to Takako Suga, my guide/translator in Hirado.
Thank you to Marjolein van der Valk for translating scores of pages of
De Ries van Mahu en de Cordes
. And special thanks to Peter ten Arve in Rotterdam for locating and translating original Dutch manuscripts.
In London, my thanks to Maggie Noach and Jill Hughes; to Roland Philipps, Lizzie Dipple, and Celia Levett. Thank you also to George Tiffin, for photographing many of the illustrations; to Frank Barrett and Wendy Driver; and to the ever-helpful staff (and friends) at the London Library, where much of this book was written.
I am particularly grateful to Paul Whyles for reading and rereading the manuscript at short notice and suggesting much-needed changes.
Lastly, I wish to say a huge thank you to Alexandra for her encouragement, support, and friendly advice; and to Madeleine and Héloïse for their banter and jokes.
The index that appeared in the print version of this title does not match the pages of your eBook. Please use the search function on your eReading device to search for terms of interest. For your reference, the terms that appear in the print index are listed below.
 
 
Figures in
italics
indicate captions; those in
bold
type indicate maps.
acupuncture
Adams, Deliverance
Adams, Joseph
Adams, Mary (nee Hyn)
Adams, Oyuki
Adams, Susanna
Adams, Thomas
Adams, William; attack on; brother, death of; captives, secures release of; character; children; Cocks, dispute with; Cochinchina, visit to; countrymen, letter to; death of; dress, adopts Japanese; Dutch expedition, as crew member of; early life; education of; East India Company, employee of; Edo, accompanies Cocks and Eaton to; England, petitions to return to;
hatamoto
, granted title of; Hemi, estate in; Hidetada’s court and; Ieyasu’s court and; imprisonment of; Japan, arrival in; Japanese name (Anjin Sama); Jesuits and; legacy; mutiny aboard
Liefde
; Oyuki, marriage to; Saris, relationship with; sea passage, to England
via Russia; shipbuilding; shipmates, death of; shoulder injury; Siam, voyages to; tools, theft of; wives of
Advice
(ship)
Africa
Akuno-ura
Alexander, John
Alphonso, Padre
Alvarez, Captain Jorge
ambergris
Amboyna island
America
Angell
(ship)
Anjincho, Tokyo
Anjiro
Annabon, Isle of
Antarctic
Antheunis, Lucas
Appolonario, Father
Arabia
Arctic Ocean
Argentina
Arima, lord of
Arima Harunobo
Astrakhan
Atlantic Ocean
Attendance
(ship)
Attendant
(ship)
Ayutthaya, Siam
Ball, George
Banda Islands
Bangkok
Bantam, Java
Barbary
Barents Sea
Barne, Sir George
Bartolomeu, Dom
Bayonne
Belchior, Padre
Bengal, Bay of
Bernardo (a samurai)
Beste, George
Beuningen, Captain van
Biscay, Bay of
Bishop, Richard
Blijde Boodschop
(ship)
Bon festival
Bonin Islands
Booboocaree, King
Borneo
Borough, William
Bourne, William,
A Regiment for the Sea
Briefe Relation of Persecution Lately Made Against the Catholike Christians in the Kingdom of Japonia, A
broadcloth
Brouwer, Captain Hendrick
Browne, Robert
Bull
(ship)
Bungo: Adams reaches (1600); leper hospital in; partitioned; piracy and; Portuguese
merchants arrive in (1544)
Butung Island
calenture
calligraphy
Cambalu, see Peking
Cambodia
Canton
Cape Lopez
Cape of Good Hope
Cape Verde Islands
Carletti, Francesco
Caron, François
Carvalho, Padre Valentim
Carwarden, Walter
Cathay,
see
China
Catholics
Cavendish, Thomas
Celebes
Ceram
Chancellor, Nicholas
Chao Phraya river
Cherell (Karelia)
China: coastal; emperors of; Japan, discord with; population; Portugal and; route to; silks; trade, Cocks’s hope for
Chipangu,
see
Japan
Christians; burning of;
see also
Catholics; Franciscans; Jesuits; Protestants
Clove
(ship)
Coaker, John
Cochinchina
Cockram, Joseph
Cocks, Richard; Adams, relationship with; ambitions of; Ball’s criticism of; Christians, and burning of;
Clove
, in charge on; Cockram succeeds; death of; in disgrace; Dutch, troubles with; Eaton, relationship with; Edo, journey to; Fursland and; goldfish, passion for; at Hemi; at Hidetada’s court; Hirado factory and; homesick;
Hosiander
crew and; Ieyasu and; illness of; at Kamakura; King Foyne and; mistresses of; Nealson, problems with; orchard of; parties; personality; servants, Japanese and; spying; Specx, relationship with; trade, private; typhoon and; violence, Japanese, appalled by; Wickham, relationship with
Colmogro (Kholmohovy)
Colphax, Simon
Comoros Islands
Company of the Barbary Merchants
compass variations
Coning, Gisbert de
Cook, Captain James
Coppindale, Captain Ralph
Cordes, Simon de
Cortes, Martin,
Art of Navigation
Courthope, Nathaniel
Couto, Diogo de
crucifixion
Customs and Ceremonies of Japan, The
daibutsu
(Great Buddha)
daimyo
(nobles)
Dale, Sir Thomas
Dee, Dr. John
Deptford
Deshima island, Nagasaki Bay
Diggins, Nicholas
Doi Toshikatsu
Dorrington, Henry
Drake, Sir Francis
Dutch; Adams and; Dale’s and Jourdain’s fate at hands of; Edo, success in; English, relationship with; Hirado, eviction from; Japanese warriors, hiring of; trading rights in Japan
;
Vizciano, machinations against
Dutch East India Company
East China Sea
East India Company
East Indies
Eaton, Helena
Eaton, William (father); Akuno-ura incident; Edo, journeys to; England, return to; factor, promoted to; mistress of; Osaka factory and; personality; trade, private of; tea and
Eaton, William (son)
Edo; Adams in; Bay of; and comet (1618); description of; earthquakes in; factory in; Ieyasu in; Saris visits; Wickham moves to
Edo Castle
Elizabeth
(ship)
Elizabeth I, Queen of England
Ellis, William
England: communication with Hirado factory; Dutch, relationship with; roads; Japan, route to; trade goods
English Channel
Equatorial Guinea
Essington, Thomas
Eurque (butler)
Evans, Christopher
executions, mass
Expedition
(ship)
Far East
Faria, Jorge de
Farie, Benjamin
Femage
Figen, King of Hirado
Fitch, Ralph
Fleet of Defense
Floris, Peter
Foyne, King of Hirado,
see
Matsura Shigenobu
France
Franciscans
Frobisher, Sir Martin
Frois, Padre Luis
Fukosho-ji monastery
Funai
Fursland, Richard
Fushimi
Gamas, Captain Duarte da
Geloof
(ship)
George
(ship)
Gift of God
(junk)
Gillingham, Kent
Globe (ship)
Go-Nara-tenno, emperor of Japan
Go-Tsuchimikado, emperor of Japan
Goa
Gobi Desert
Goereesche Gap
gold
Golden Hind
(ship)
Gorezano, John
Great Ryukyu (now Okinawa)
Guinea
Gysbertsz, Reyer
Hakata, Kyushu
Hakluyt, Richard;
Principal Navigations
Hangchow
Harrison, William,
Description of England
Harwich
Hasegawa, Governor
hatamoto
(bannermen)
“Hatchman” (scullion)
Hawaii
Hawkins, Sir Richard
Hawkins, William
Heizan university
Hemi, Adams estate at
Henry VIII, King of England
Heyward, Sir Rowland
Hidetada; Adams, relationship with; Christians, policies regarding; Cocks meets; Dutch-English conflict and; Iemitsu succeeds; personality of; Saris and; trading privileges, decrees on
Hideyori
Hippon, Captain Anthony
Hirado; cemetery, English in;
Clove
,
voyages between England and; description of; Dutch factory in; English factory in ; food of; foreigners, eviction of; prostitution in; weather in
Hirado palace
Hokkaido
Hokke sect
Holland,
see
Dutch
Holy Roman Empire
Honda Masakumi
Honda Masanobu
Honno-ji temple, near Kyoto
Hoop
(ship)
Hosiander
(ship)
Howard, Lord
Hudson, Richard
Hyn, Mary,
see
Adams, Mary
Iceland
lemitsu,
see
Tokugawa Iemitsu
Ieyasu,
see
Tokugawa Ieyasu
Iki Island
India
Indian Ocean
Indo-China
Intharaja, King
Ishibe
Ishida Mitsunari
Ivangorod
Ivan the Terrible
Jackman, Captain Charles
Jambi, Sumatra
James I, King of England
James Royal
(ship)
Janszoon, Pieter
Japan: China, discord with; Dutch evicted from; Ieyasu’s victory, significance of; English leave; ignorance about; justice in;
Liefde
and
Hoop
, journey to; navy of; piracy in;
sakoku
(the closed country); Saris’s journey to; shipbuilding in
;
silver in; warfare in; weather in
Japan John
Japanese: appearance of; diet; etiquette; Hakluyt, recommended treatment of; hygiene; Willes on; women; Xavier on
Japanese troops: defense of the English; horsemen
;
soldiers;
see also
samurai
Jasper (a ship’s carpenter)
Java
Java Sea
Jesuits; Adams, relationship with; Bungo, stronghold in; converts; court, infiltration of; executions of Christians and; expulsion from Japan; Hidetada and; Hirado, presence in; Iemitsu and; Ieyasu and; interpreters; Japan, return to;
Liefde’s
crew and; Nagasaki crisis and; torture of; united faith, depiction of; Valignano’s reforms; Yoshishige’s request and
Jesus, Jeronimo de
Jesus
(ship)
Jirobioye
Ji-shu sect
Jodoji temple, Edo
Johnson, John
Johnsoon, Peter
Jones, Morris
Jones, Thomas
Jorge, Domingo
Jourdain, John
junshin
(burial alive)
Kagoshima
Kamakura
Kamezo
Kamo River
Kanmon Channel
Kara Sea
Kaza
Keeling, Anna
Keeling, William: amateur theatricals and; in Bantam; England, return to; personality of; trade, private and; Spilbergen and; wife of
kimonos
Korea
Korean Straits
kuge
(courtly nobles)
Kyoto, ; imperial city; Christians, publicly burned in
Kyoto palace
Kyushu, southwestern Japan
Lambart, John
Lancanster, Captain James
Laos
Larrance
Liefde
(ship): Adams on board; cargo of; crew of, in Japan; demise of; Dutch trading fleet, part of; Edo, journey to;
Geloof
, towed by; goods returned; Ieyasu’s battle and; Indians, attacked by; Japan, journey to; Japanese board and pillage; mutiny; Osaka, journey to; Praya Island assault; punishment on board; replica made; Spaniards supply food to; Quackernaek, commander of; van Beuningen, commander of
Limehouse, London
Lindschoten, John Huyghen van
Li Tan
Low Countries;
see also
Dutch
Luang Prabang, Siam
Lyon, William
Macao
Machado, Padre Jean-Baptiste
Madagascar
Madrid, Juan de
Magellan, Ferdinand
Magome Kageyu
Mahu, Jacques
Malacca
Malay Penninsula
Mangosa (a merchant)
Manila
Manju-ji monastery
Mao Yuan,
We Pei Chih
(
On Preparations for War
)
maps: Dutch engraving (1596) 6; Japan; Southeast Asia; voyage to Japan 1598–1600
Marchaumont, Marquis de
Marees, Pieter de
Masulipatnam, India
Matinga
Matsura family
Matsura Nobutoki
Matsura Shigenobu
Maurice, Prince of Holland
Mercator, Gerardus
Meridith, John
Mexico
Miguel (an interpreter)
Miles, James
Ming dynasty
Misericordia fraternity
Mitske
Miyako,
see
Kyoto
Miyako-jima (island)
Mocha island
Moluccas
Mongolia
Moon
(ship)
Moscow
Mount Fuji
Mukai Shogen Tadakatsu
Murayama Toan
Muscovy
Muscovy Company

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