When Charles comes out to greet us before my wife and daughters depart to see the local attractions, he is older and humbler than I recall. He is a man earning a living.
I don't envy him his task. Having received one of Charles's brochures, gentlemanly Jack Pyle offered a frank assessment of a man who, with a single published novel to his credit, feels qualified to conduct a prose-writing seminar: “He's got balls.” Jack didn't know any would-be writer in the mountains who
hadn't
gotten the brochure.
Charles's blanket mailing has brought him a small group of mostly elderly, mostly amateurish penmen clustered around a table set up in his living room.
The most aggressive are two men who, respectively, having moved from California and having visited fifty countries in the course of a working career, presume that they are the star attendees and that their writing merits special attention. Charles barely has to nudge them to hear their two-page voice pieces. The Californian reads part of a forty-page story about a big-city policeman whose father is killed during a mugging. Oddly, he stresses to us that the ending will have an Oedipal tone, which seems to be an important point somehow. The world traveler reads part of a story
about a May-December romance set on a barge anchored off some exotic island. Neither of these pieces meets Charles's criterion of having been written especially for the seminar, but since he's collected his money, he really isn't in a position to say anything about it.
One woman reads what she calls a “Gertrude story,” about a character with whom we are all presumably familiar.
Strangest is the man who reads what sounds like a promotional piece for the Yancey County Chamber of Commerce, though he isn't associated with that organization. Hard of hearing, he speaks loudly, especially after he gets a couple of courtesy laughs.
The best excerpt, of course, is by a lady who sits quietly, waits until the end, and even then has to be prodded into reading. Hers is a story of a young American woman living in Pakistan who is threatened by locals on their way home from a religious service. They fear she's a devil woman sent to tempt them. It is understatedly exotic; I want to hear what comes next.
There are others, too.
One starts something like this: “I am sitting at my table looking out my window at a pair of bluebirds stopping to visit every bluebird box in my backyard. Would you like to come along?”
Charles is obliged to be kind, but I suspect it is his nature anyway. He gets the writers to describe the larger works into which their two-page pieces fit; he deftly extracts the few bits of coal from the heaps of slag; he identifies the places where the voice could be made more personal and the writing more vivid; he sees possibilities; he sets a tone of hope.
But it isn't until after lunch and a recess that he takes center stage. During the break, he encourages us to explore what we can of the mountain and to write our impressions of it. Tired from my trip, I do the former but not the latter, walking the stream-skirting gravel track uphill from Charles's house. Those who do the writing assignment are rewarded with a second critique weighing their new pieces against the ones they brought from home. Charles focuses on what is generally the greater immediacy and the truer voice of the writing done on his mountain.
Following this, he gives us a couple of concrete examples of how to revise. One comes as a surprise: the closing of Abraham Lincoln's First Inaugural Address. Charles traces Lincoln's revisions through a couple of drafts, showing point by point how he refined the language. The second example treats the evolution of one of Charles's own scenes, in which a young boy, attracted by some swarming blue-black butterflies, finds they are hovering aboutâand even beginning to consumeâa human corpse. It isn't drawn from either
Hiwassee
or the new novel, though I recognize the boy character. It makes me wonder what else Charles has in reserve.
Last comes a pep talk about how artistry is less a divine gift for a chosen few than it is a possibility for ordinary people who would only exercise diligence. Then and there, it seems a promise for each of us.
Altogether, my afternoon of eavesdropping on Charles's life leaves me reassured of his talent, though I regret he is getting a late start in the game and is having to sing for his supper.
In June 1922, Thomas Wolfe headed home from his graduate studies at Harvard upon learning that his father was gravely ill. He was fifty miles from Asheville when he read in a local newspaper that W. O. Wolfe was dead.
Wolfe spent that summer at home. There's an oft-told story of how he and a friend were taking two girls for an outing on Sunset Mountain one day when the car they were driving suffered a flat tire. They were in the process of changing it when an elderly man in dungarees walked out of the forest and offered a hand. They accepted, and the job was soon accomplished. As he and his friends departed, Wolfe handed the old man a quarter, which he welcomed with a bow.
Several years afterward, Wolfe's brother Frank supposedly asked the man, Edwin Wiley Grove, the owner of the Grove Park Inn, if he returned or spent the quarter. “No, I still have it,” Grove said. “First I kept it because it was the
only tip I ever received, and then its preciousness grew in proportion to Tom's fame.”
Grove died two and a half years before the publication of
Look Homeward, Angel
âthat is, before Thomas Wolfe achieved anything approaching fame. So the question becomes whether Grove was a seer or whether the chance meeting between Asheville's great literary son and its most influential man was apocryphal.
E. W. Grove had no need of stray coins from a pauper like Thomas Wolfe. As a young pharmacist in Paris, Tennessee, in the 1870s, he had pioneered a formula for suspending quinine in a liquid and making it nearly tasteless. Malaria was a scourge in the South in those days, but many people resisted quinine because of its bitter flavor. Grove's compound, Feberlin, was sold by prescription.
His real breakthrough came when he developed an over-the-counter version of the same formula, plus sugar, lemon flavoring, and iron. He called it Grove's Tasteless Chill Tonic. Fortunately for Grove's pocketbook, quinine hindered the growth of malaria but could not actually kill it. It was therefore recommended that people take four teaspoons of Grove's elixir daily throughout the entire two-month malaria season. Even when the threat of the disease waned, the tonic was successfully marketed as a product that “restores Energy and Vitality by creating new, healthy blood” and “makes children and adults as fat as pigs.” In the late 1890s, it outsold another recent Southern concoction, Coca-Cola. Grove also developed the first cold tablet, which he sold as Grove's Laxative Bromo Quinine. He was a millionaire several times over.
Like many others, Grove came to Asheville for health reasons, hoping the mountain air would provide relief that his own medicines could not from his bronchitis, chronic insomnia, and debilitating bouts of hiccups, which sometimes lasted for months. Grove's business interests broadened over the years. He founded a newspaper in Atlanta and invested in real estate in Georgia, Arkansas, Florida, and North Carolina. He bought most of Sunset Mountain on Asheville's northern boundary and began selling residential lots in a development he called E. W. Grove Park.
It was 1909 when he conceived the Grove Park Inn. Grove favored the great inns of Yellowstone Parkâthe Old Faithful Inn in particularâbut the several architectural firms he auditioned failed to come up with an acceptable plan for a similar hotel on Sunset Mountain. It was Grove's talented son-in-law, Fred Seely, a man with no training whatsoever in the field, who finally drew the sketch that was followed almost exactly for the inn's exterior.
In July 1912, Grove's architectural engineer began hiring a crew of four hundred local men, many of whom walked away from other employment at the prospect of Grove's dollar-a-day wage. Mule teams, trucks, a single steam shovel, and hand tools were the workers' only aids. Grove boldly announced that the inn would be completed in slightly less than a year.
One of the principal tasks was the hauling of boulders, some weighing five tons, from nearby mountains for the inn's six-story walls, which were four feet thick at the base. Workers were instructed to set them in place just as they found them, moss and lichen intact. The most spectacular
feature of the inn is its great hall, which has a thirty-six-foot-wide fireplace at either end, each of which was assembled from a hundred and twenty tons of granite boulders and could accommodate twelve-foot logs atop its five-hundred-pound andirons. The inn was completed by July 12, 1913, only twelve days behind schedule. Secretary of State William Jennings Bryan gave an address at the opening.
In the early days, the emphasis was on enforced tranquility and hyper-cleanliness. Guests were discouraged from bringing small children. Automobiles were barred from entering the property from ten-thirty at night until nine in the morning. Guests were asked not to run water or make unnecessary noise at night; indeed, the water flow to their rooms was cut off at ten-thirty. Those in the great hall needed to keep their voices low. Anyone who didn't was handed a printed card requesting compliance. The purity of the inn's water was checked each month. All dishes were boiledâtwice, in factâafter every use. Coins exchanged at the desk were cleaned by machine at night.
In addition to the garden-variety rich, Woodrow Wilson came, as did Calvin Coolidge, Herbert Hoover, William Howard Taft, Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt, Dwight and Mamie Eisenhower, Richard Nixon, the Mayo brothers, John D. Rockefeller, Charles Schwab, Henry Ford, Thomas Edison, Harvey Firestone, Enrico Caruso, Harry Houdini, Al Jolson, Will Rogers, Bill Tilden, Bobby Jones, Billy Graham, Norman Vincent Peale, and many others through the years. Two major wingsâone nine stories, the other elevenâwere added at either end of the old inn in the 1980s, bringing the total number of rooms to over five hundred.
Some guests who knew the inn in years past bemoan the din in the great hall today. But the money and the luminaries keep comingâthe elder George Bush, Henry Kissinger, Anthony Hopkins, Jack Lemmon, Arnold Palmer, Michael Jordan, on and on.
Scott Fitzgerald's is the best-known author's stay, but Alex Haley, Helen Keller, Charles Frazier, George Plimpton, and others have also been guests. Margaret Mitchell honey-mooned here.
Once his great hotel was completed, Grove set about remaking Asheville's downtown. He bought out and razed his main competition, the Battery Park, where George Vanderbilt had stayed before he began amassing land for the Biltmore Estate. What's more, Grove chopped off seventy-five feet of the hill on which the Battery Park Hotel stood and hauled off the dirt in trucks. In its place, he built a second Battery Park, taller but less grand and sprawling. In April 1925, Babe Ruth was brought to the new hotel after collapsing at the Asheville train station upon arriving for an exhibition game. His coach scoured the town for a pair of size forty-eight pajamas for decency's sake, since the Babe normally slept nude. The best he could find was a size forty-twoâin hot pink. Ruth's difficulty was variously explained as the flu, acute indigestion, an intestinal abscess, and a case of poisoning, but he most likely had the clap. Newspapers abroad reported him dead. The incident, known in baseball circles as “the Bellyache Heard Round the World,” kept him off the field for the better part of a season at the peak of his career.
Grove's crowning glory was to be the Grove Arcade, a
forerunner of today's shopping malls. It was to occupy a full city block across the street from the Battery Park Hotel. The main entrance, facing north, was guarded by a pair of griffins; grotesque heads were carved all the way around the exterior. Inside was to be an array of oak-fronted shops, mezzanines, and spiral staircases. On top, a roof garden with a band shell was planned. Rising from the center of the arcade was to be a fourteen-story office tower.
Grove laid the foundation in 1926 and died in 1927, and the central section was built to a height of only four stories. The arcade has just recently been renovated for upscale apartments and shops and opened to the public. Obviously truncated but nonetheless grand, it will likely never be completed as envisioned.
Having spent my few overnight visits to Asheville in forty-dollar motels, I jump at the chance for a room in the Grove Park Inn, courtesy of the largest writers' organization in the state.
Each fall, the eighteen-hundred-member guild sponsors a three-day conference attended by about five hundred writers. The annual event rotates among posh sites around the state.
I am to be a fourth-tier celebrity. Famous writers are brought in to give talks or readings during the weekend's luncheons and dinner banquets; they generally arrive and depart quickly and have little personal contact with the attendees. Then come modestly successful authors like my new friend Charles Price, who conduct seminars for classroom-sized groups on sundry topics like “The Scuppernong
Connection,” “The Seven Deadly Sins of Science Fiction Writing,” and “Finding Form, or What's a Nice Sonnet Like You Doing in a Place Like This?” Then come the agents, publishers, and marketing specialists who participate in round-table discussions. Finally come the worker bees like me, who review twenty-page manuscript samples one on one with conference attendees.
Actually, my presence at the conference is contingent on proof of my popularity. Only a small percentage of attendees will pay the fee to have their work critiqued. Those participating select their editor from a list of six, the other five of whom are from national publishers noted for their fiction. No one comes to such conferences to learn how to write nonfiction, my company's specialty, which doesn't bode well for my chances. The guild informs me that if a minimum three people don't select me, I will have no room at the innâthough, to my possible chagrin, my photograph and capsule biography will have already run in the conference brochure. I served the same function at the previous fall's conference in a different city. Sure enough, only two writers chose me, and ultimately just one of them was able to attend.