Shake Hands With the Devil (86 page)

As soldiers we have been used to moving mountains to protect our own sovereignty or risks to our way of life. In the future we must be prepared to move beyond national self-interest to spend our resources and spill our blood for humanity. We have lived through centuries of enlightenment, reason, revolution, industrialization, and globalization. No matter how idealistic the aim sounds, this new century must become the Century of Humanity, when we as human beings rise above race, creed, colour, religion and national self-interest and put the good of humanity above the good of our own tribe. For the sake of the children and of our future.
Peux ce que veux. Allons-y
.

5ième Brigade-Group
5th Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group (
CMBG
), an all-arms francophone formation, based in Valcartier, Quebec

5ième Régiment d'artillerie légère du Canada (5 RALC)
The francophone artillery regiment of the Canadian Army, Regular Force, based in Valcartier, Quebec, which General Dallaire joined and later commanded

ACABQ or Fifth Committee
The
UN
General Assembly Committee, which meets in private closed session to establish and approve the budgets of peacekeeping missions

Lieutenant Colonel Joe Adinkra, co Ghanaian Battalion advance party
A small, select group of officers that is deployed prior to a main body to handle operation and administrative matters that will facilitate the deployment of the main body (mission)

Madame Agathe
Agathe Uwilingiyimana, prime minister of the interim government

Aide-de-camp
An officer assigned as personal assistant to a senior commander

Akagera Park (also known as Kagera Park)
The last refuge of grassland wildlife in northeastern Rwanda. Due to its remote location, the only
RGF
camp in the area at Gabiro was a site suspected as a training centre for the Interahamwe. Also known as A'Kagera Park

Akagera River
The river that divides Rwanda from Tanzania and flows into Lake Victoria

General Jean Victor Allard
A famous World War II hero and subsequent Canadian
CDS

Amahoro Stadium
Complex consisting of a stadium, training facilities, parking lot and an athletes' hotel located in the east end of Kigali; was the location of the
UNAMIR
headquarters. Amahoro means peace in Kinyarwanda

Hedi Annabi
Head of Africa Section in the Political Division of the
DPKO

Kofi A. Annan
Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations (March 1993-December 1996).
DPKO
, Secretary-General of the
UN
1 Jan 1997-present. Ghanaian

Brigadier General Henry Anyidoho
Ghanaian
UNAMIR
Deputy Force Commander and
COS
, 21 Jan 94 until after General Dallaire left Rwanda

APC
Armoured personnel carrier

Arusha Peace Agreement
Also known as Arusha accords, Arusha negotiations or Arusha. Peace agreement between the
RPF
and the Government of Rwanda consisting of five protocols (accords) which ended the civil war in Rwanda and started a peace process that would result in the establishment of democracy and human rights in Rwanda, signed on 4 Aug 93

Lieutenant Colonel Mike Austdal
Canadian reinforcement Officer worked as Contingent Commander

José Ayala Lasso
UN
High Commissioner for Human Rights, visited Rwanda in May 94 and described his observations of the situation in Rwanda as genocide

Camp Bagogwe
RGF
commando training camp in northwest Rwanda.

Colonel Théoneste Bagosora
Chef de cabinet of the minister of defence,
RGF
, known Hutu extremist, currently awaiting trial, International Criminal Tribunal Rwanda

Lieutenant Colonel Walter Ballis
Belgian Staff Officer, employed as
UNAMIR
Deputy Chief Operations Officer

Jean-Bosco Barayagwiza
One of the heads of the extremist
CDR
party

General Maurice Baril
Canadian Military Adviser to the Secretary-General of the UN and head of the Military Division of the
DPKO

Battalion
Ideally, a homogeneous unit of 800 soldiers with a headquarters, an integral service support company and four rifle companies

BBTG
Broad-Based Transitional Government; was never installed due to political impasse

Major Brent Beardsley
Canadian Military Assistant to General Dallaire

Commandant Mohammed Belgacem
Tunisian Company Commander in
NMOG
,
UNAMIR
1 and 2

UNAMIR
, Jul 93–1 May 94, medically evacuated to Canada, did not return to mission

Jérôme Bicamumpaka
MDR
Hutu extremist who was appointed foreign minister of the interim government and tried to spread disinformation and cover up the genocide in Europe and New York

Jean-Damascène Bizimana
Rwandan Ambassador to the
UN
in Sep 93, Member of the Security Council from Jan 94

Augustin Bizimana
Minister of defence, extremist
MRND
, Hutu

Lieutenant Colonel Augustin Bizimungu
Promoted Major General at the beginning of the conflict, Chief of Staff
RGF
, assumed the position in late Apr 94 replacing Marcel Gatsinzi, who had replaced Déogratias Nsabimana, extremist hard-liner, Hutu

Pasteur Bizimungu
RPF
's senior political adviser, member of the Executive Committee for the
RPF
and Commissioner for Information and Documentation, Hutu. Became president of Rwanda, Jul 94–Mar 2000

Brigadier (Retired) Paddy Blagdon
Head of the
UN
De-Mining Program

Manfred Bleim
Head of the
UN
Civilian Police Division

Blue Beret
Slang term for United Nations Peacekeeper, term taken from the light-blue berets (or blue helmets) worn by peacekeepers

Jacques-Roger Booh-Booh
SRSG
22 Nov 93–May 94, former Cameroonian foreign minister and diplomat

Boutros Boutros-Ghali
Secretary-General of the
UN
Jan 1992–Dec 1996

Brahimi Report
Internal
UN
study of
UN
Peacekeeping, conducted post-Rwanda and that produced comprehensive recommendations to improve the
UN
capacity for peacekeeping operation

Brigade
A formation of several units under a Brigade Headquarters. Numbers can vary from 3000–6000 personnel depending on nation and type of brigade

Martin Bucyana
National president of the
CDR
extremist Hutu party, murdered by moderates near Butare on 22 February in retaliation for the assassination of Félicien Gatabazi on 21 Feb 94

Prudence Bushnell
US Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs

Major Michel Bussières
Canadian officer transferred from Somalia during the genocide and employed as Chief Military Personnel Officer

Butare
South-central Prefecture in Rwanda, capital also named Butare, location of
UNAMIR
Southern Sector
HQ

Byumba
North-central Prefecture, capital of same name, location of the
UNAMIR
demilitarized zone Sector
HQ
.
RGF
camp located in same area, close to the
DMZ
. Bizimana's hometown

CAO
Chief Administration Officer

Linda Carroll
Canadian Chargé d'affaires in Rwanda who led the successful evacuation of over one hundred Canadians

CDR
Coalition pour la défense de la république, Hutu extremist party, splinter group of the
MRND
, led by Jean Shyirambere Barahinyura, Jean-Bosco Barayagwiza and Martin Bucyana.
CDR
leadership refused to sign the Arusha Peace Agreement and Statement of Ethics and were shut out of the transitional government. Openly and violently anti-Tutsi

Chapter 6 peacekeeping
Classic peacekeeping, term used to describe United Nations Peacekeeping conducted under Chapter 6 of the
UN
Charter

Chapter 7 peacekeeping
Peace Enforcement, term used to describe United Nations Peacekeeping conducted under Chapter 7 of the
UN
Charter

Commander Charles
Nom de guerre
of the
RPF
Battalion Commanding Officer in Kigali

General Jose Charlier
Chief of Staff of the Belgian Army

Chief Administration Officer (CAO)
Senior
UN
civil servant in a
UN
mission responsible for administration and logistics. First
UNAMIR CAO
was Hallqvist, followed by de Liso and Golo

Chief of Staff (COS)
Senior staff officer in the
HQ
directly subordinate to the commander, responsible for controlling the staff branches (personnel, operations, logistics, plans, etc.) in the performance of their duties

Willy Claes
Belgian foreign minister, visited Rwanda and
UNAMIR
in February of 1994

Captain Frank Claeys
Belgian Para-commando and Special Forces Officer, head of
UNAMIR
intelligence section

CND
Congrès National de Développement or Conseil National pour le Développement. Site of the National Assembly and a resident hotel in Kigali. The
RPF
leadership and security battalion resided in the hotel side of the complex.
UNAMIR
occupied the National Assembly portion of the complex and the perimeter for security

Code Cable
Secure fax capability between
UN HQ
in NY and
UNAMIR HQ
in Kigali

Code of Ethics (Also known as the Statement of Ethics)
The Arusha Peace Agreement had called for each political party to sign a Statement of Ethics if they were to be included in the
BBTG
. Each party had to sign every other party's Code of Ethics form. The
CDR
refused to sign the Arusha Peace Agreement or the Code of Ethics and therefore the
RPF
and the moderates refused to have them included in the
BBTG
. Also known as the Statement of Ethics

Collège militaire royal de Saint-Jean (CMR)
Francophone military college in Canada. General Dallaire attended
CMR
as an Officer Cadet and later served as Commandant

Command and Control
Military term defining how authority is exercised by a commander and his staff through a chain of command

Command post
Field headquarters of a unit responsible for the control of subordinate units and responsible to a senior headquarters. Used primarily for communications, planning and coordination

Commune
Political subdivision of a prefecture, equivalent to a county

Company
A sub-unit of a battalion, approximately 125 personnel

Concept of Operations
A general description of how a commander intends to accomplish the assigned mission

Contingent Commander
Each nation contributing troops to a
UN
Force appoints a National Contingent Commander who is responsible for national discipline and administration, provides a link from the mission area to his home nation and provides a single point of contact for the Force Commander on matters relating to that nation's contingent. Considered to be a secondary duty and usually the officer is also appointed to a primary command or staff position within the force

General Roméo A. Dallaire
Canadian Force Commander of
UNAMIR
, and Chief Military Observer
UNOMUR
Oct 93—Aug 94, promoted to the rank of Major General in the field, 1 Jan 94, retired at the rank of Lieutenant General in Ottawa, 22 Apr 00

General John de Chastelain
Canadian Chief of Defence Staff

Captain Willem de Kant
Dutch Officer, selected by General Dallaire from service in
UNOMUR
to serve as Aide-de-camp in
UNAMIR
, Oct 93—Mar 94

Christine De Liso
Acting
CAO
following Hallqvist's departure in Feb 93 replaced by Golo May 94

CIDA
Canadian International Development Agency

Defensive stores
Items such as barbed wire, sandbags, corrugated iron, lumber, etc., that can be used to protect/defend an area

Defensive position
Field defences like trenches and bunkers used to protect and defend a certain location

Leo Delcroix
Belgian minister of defence, visited
UNAMIR
Mar 94

Major Eddy Delporte
Belgian Military Police Officer, in Rwanda for the Technical Mission, conducted the analysis of the Gendarmerie, transferred from
MINURSO
to
UNAMIR
, stayed until Apr 94

Captain Amadou Deme
Senegalese Officer, served in
UNAMIR
Intelligence Sector, viewed the arms cache in Jan 94, became head of sector following Belgian departure in Apr 94