Sisters in Law (57 page)

   
gains lost after Ginsburg goes to the bench, 139

   
Internal Revenue Code on men as caretakers, 32–33

   
redefining sexual harassment as, 163–68

   
in welfare law, 112

   
See also
sex discrimination

Doe v. Bolton
, 80

Domingo, Placido, 282

Donahue, Sean, 211, 212

Dorsen, Norman, 33, 39

Douglas, Les, 137

Douglas, William O., 42, 85–87

Draper, Bill, 137

Driggs, John, 19, 127, 133, 168–69

drinking age in Oklahoma, 107

Duren v. Missouri
, 111, 227

Edwards v. Healy
, 90

Egan, Michael, 110

“Emancipation of Men, The” (Palme), 22, 26

employment discrimination cases, 284–85

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) and sexual harassment, 164, 216, 217

equality.
See
affirmative action; Civil Rights Act; women's equality

Equality Committee of the ACLU, 55

equality feminism.
See
Ginsburg's strategy for equality feminism

equal-protection clause and women's equality, 40–44, 88–89, 95, 104, 264.
See also
Fourteenth Amendment

equal protection,
Harvard Law Review
article on, 37

Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)

   
overview, xvii, 30

   
abortion rights equated to, 186

   
and ACLU, 37–38, 39

   
affirmative action aspects, 85

   
Fourteenth Amendment vs., 35–36

   
and Ginsburg, 26, 27, 50–52, 53–55, 108

   
and O'Connor, 47, 48–50

   
opposition to, 41, 118

   
and same-sex marriage issue, 64–65

Ervin, Sam, 52–53

evolution into self-realization concept, 7, 8–9

Family and Medical Leave Act, federal, 265, 282–83

Feigen Fasteau, Brenda, 59, 72

Feinstein, Dianne, 199

feminist movement

   
overview, xiv, xvi–xvii, 101–2, 300

   
abortion as separate from feminism, 78–79

   
Atlantic Monthly
special issue on women, 45–46

   
birth control and health insurance case vs., 292–95

   
and country club membership, 137–38

   
difference feminism vs. equality feminism, 201–4, 229, 234–35

   
and different-voice theory, 203–4, 234, 300

   
and Ginsburg, xvi, xvii, 66

   
law school as part of, 131

   
and lesbianism, 64–65

   
models for, xiv

   
and O'Connor, xv–xvi, xvii, 123, 134

   
and protective legislation for women, 28

   
and redefining workplace sex-based harassment, 162–64

   
and Republican Party, 131

   
and Shulman's “A Marriage Agreement,” 27–28

   
social change in 1960s, 24, 25–30

   
in Sweden, 21–22, 26

   
See also
abortion issue; ACLU Women's Rights Project; Ginsburg's strategy for equality feminism; law firms and women; sexual equality

Ferguson, Plessy v.
, 118, 144

Ferguson v. Charleston
, 261–62

Ferrari, Mary, 59

Finkbine, Shari, 79

Fisher v. University of Texas
, 285–87

Florida

   
Bush v. Gore
, 256–58

   
Hoyt v. Florida
, 36, 90, 91–93

Ford Foundation, 61, 63

Fordham University School of Law, New York, New York, 149

Forklift Systems, Harris v.
, 215–19, 220–22, 223–24

Fortas, Abe, 41

Fourteenth Amendment

   
and choice availability, 145

   
ERA vs., 35–36

   
and jury selection, 228–29, 230

   
legal scholars criticism of, 54

   
and substantive comparability, 239

   
Title IX, 247, 265

   
and women's equality, 40–44, 88–89, 95, 104, 264

France, American jurists in, 176

Frankfurter, Felix, 21

Freedman, Ann, 39–40, 42

Freund, Paul, 53

Fried, Charles, 188

Frontiero, Sharron, 69–70

Frontiero v. Richardson
, 69–77, 97, 142–43

F.S. Royster Guano v. Virginia
, 43–44

FWOTSC (first woman on the Supreme Court), xi.
See also
O'Connor, Sandra Day

Gaines, Ebersole, 137

Gavin, Elizabeth “Beth,” 290–91

gay rights, 292

Gebser, Alida Star, 247

Gebser v. Lago Vista Independent School District
, 246, 247

Geller, Steven, 8

George Washington Law School National Conference on Women and the Law, 154–55

Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher legal secretary position offer to O'Connor, xiv, xix, 13–14

Gilbert, Fred, 106

Gilles, Stephen, 167–68

Gilligan, Carol, 202–3, 234

Ginsburg, Ruth Bader,
1
,
67
,
197
,
271

   
and abortion issue, 60, 61, 80–81, 184–85, 204, 205, 209

   
and affirmative action, 170–71, 208–9, 286–87

   
awakening to women's rights issues, 11, 25–29

   
and Clinton, 6, 206–7

   
and Constitution of the United States, 26–27, 28, 30–31

   
and criminals or poor people, 210

   
criticism of, 210–11

   
delegation to France, 176

   
and ERA, 26, 27, 35–36, 50–52, 53–55, 108

   
and
Hoyt v. Florida
, 91–92, 93

   
lobbying Congress for women's rights, 30

   
and MacKinnon, 202, 203

   
and near-beer case in Oklahoma, 106–8

   
and O'Connor, 115, 222–24, 231–33, 270

   
on O'Connor's cancer survivor speech, 178

   
and
Reed v. Reed
, 39–44

   
on sex discrimination, 56, 102, 241–43, 283, 301

   
supporters for seat on the bench, 84–85, 109–10, 112–13

   
on Voting Rights Act preclearance process, 288

   
whites-only country club membership, 138

   
See also
ACLU Women's Rights Project; Ginsburg on the Supreme Court; O'Connor and Ginsburg comparisons

Ginsburg, biographical information

   
childhood, 5–7

   
as clerk for Palmieri, 21

   
at Columbia Law School, 16, 21, 57, 66

   
at Cornell, 7, 9–11, 14

   
demeanor, 76, 95, 102–3, 113, 207, 282

   
at federal Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit, 112–14, 207

   
at Harvard Law School, xix, 14, 15–17, 56–57

   
health issues, 253–54, 277, 297

   
as newly-graduated lawyer, 20–23

   
pregnancy prevents promotion, 14

   
pre-Supreme Court, xvii, xix, xx

   
at Rutgers Law School, 22–23, 25–30, 57

   
and Swedish feminist movement, 21–22, 26

   
as wife and mother, 14–15, 17–18, 22

Ginsburg's cases before the Supreme Court

   
Craig v. Boren
, 105–8, 142

   
Edwards v. Healy
, 90

   
Frontiero v. Richardson
, 69–77, 97, 142–43

   
Kahn v. Shevin
, 85–87, 96–98, 99

   
Stanton v. Stanton
, 105

   
United States v. Virginia
, xi–xiii

   
See also
Ginsburg on the Supreme Court;
Weinberger v. Wiesenfeld

Ginsburg's strategy for equality feminism

   
overview, 30–31, 70–72, 107–8, 253, 300

   
applying Civil Rights Act to sexual harassment cases, 217–19

   
case selection, 59–60, 63–64

   
and
Craig v. Boren
, 106–7

   
difference feminism vs., 201–3

   
gains lost after Ginsburg goes to the bench, 139

   
and
Kahn
setback, 97

   
Kennedy vs., 252–53

   
O'Connor's use of in
Hogan v. Mississippi
, 141–43

   
and
United States v. Virginia
opinion, 235, 241–43

   
See also
sex discrimination in jury service; strict-scrutiny vs. rational basis standard of review

Ginsburg on the Supreme Court

   
overview, xv, 69, 220–22, 230, 273, 298–99

   
Burwell v. Hobby Lobby
, 292–95

   
clerks, 211–12, 213, 273

   
consideration for nomination, 200–207

   
dissents read out loud, 274–76, 279–82, 284–88, 292–95

   
Gonzales v. Carhart
, 268–70, 274, 296

   
“happy face dissents,” 218–19

   
J.E.B. v. Alabama
, 224, 225, 226–27

   
and Kennedy's opinion for
Planned Parenthood v. Casey
, 193–94

   
Lilly Ledbetter v. Goodyear Tire and Rubber
, 274–76

   
nomination and confirmation, 6–7, 91–92, 199, 207–11

   
office, 210

   
retirement suggestions, 278–79, 296–97

   
Shelby County v. Holder
, 287–88, 289

   
summer travel and public speaking, 244–45

   
swearing-in ceremony, 213–14

   
United States v. Virginia
, 240

Ginsburg, James (son), 22, 108

Ginsburg, Jane (daughter), 14, 15, 102, 108, 213

Ginsburg, Martin “Marty” (husband)

   
cancer and death of, 277

   
cancer diagnosis, 17–18

   
courtship and marriage, 14–15

   
and Harvard vs. Columbia for Ruth, 16

   
lobbying for Ginsburg's appointments, 110–11, 112, 205, 278

   
as loving husband, 23, 278

   
and Moritz case, 32

   
teaching at Columbia, 109

Goesaert v. Cleary
, 26

Goldberg, David, 212

Goldfarb, Califano v.
, 104, 106

Goldfarb, Leon, 104

Goldwater, Barry, xxii, 49, 123, 131, 181

Gonzales v. Carhart
, 268–70, 274

Goodman, Janice, 39–40, 66

Goodyear Tire and Rubber, Lilly Ledbetter v.
, 274–76

Gore, Bush v.
, 255–59

Greco, Joan, 175

Greenburg, Jan Crawford, 267

Grimké, Sarah, 28, 75

Griswold, Erwin, 15–16, 62, 206

Gunther, Gerald, 20–21

Haft, Marilyn, 112

Hand, Learned, xix, 21

Hardy, Charles, 215–16

Harlan, John Marshall, 41, 273

Harlan, Malvina, 273

Harris, Barbara, 161

Harris, Teresa, 215–16

Harris v. Forklift Systems
, 215–19, 220–22, 223–24

Harvard Law Review
, 12, 37

Harvard Law School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, xix, 14, 15–17, 56–57

Harvard Law School dean and Ginsburg place in law school, xiv–xv, xix

Hatch, Orrin, 113

Hazeltine, Sherman, 120

health insurance and birth control case, 292–95

Healy, Edwards v.
, 90

Hess, Stephen, 200

Hibbs, Nevada v.
, 265, 282–83

Hibbs, William, 265

Higginbotham, Patrick, 110

Hirshman, Linda, xiii, xiv

Hishon, Elizabeth Anderson “Betsy,” 157

Hishon v. King & Spalding
, 157, 158–60, 161

Hobby Lobby, Burwell v.,
292–95

Hochschild, Arlie, 28

Hogan, Joe, 140, 146

Hogan v. Mississippi

   
overview, xii–xiii, 233

   
decision and opinions, 138–39, 141–46, 232, 237

   
outcome, 146

   
prosecution and defense, 140–41

Holder, Shelby County v.
, 287–88, 289

Holes, Harry, 137

Holmes, Oliver Wendell, Jr., 273

Hopkins, Ann, 178–79

Hopkins, Price Waterhouse v.
, 178–80, 182–83, 285