Stonehenge a New Understanding (64 page)

p.
348
John Gale’s team of Bournemouth University students excavating a round barrow at High Lea Farm, Dorset in 2008. The central baulk preserves the last remnants of the turf that once formed the mound, capped by chalk from the ditch. © Mike Parker Pearson and the Stonehenge Riverside Project

p.
351
Bush Barrow was excavated by Richard Colt Hoare in 1808. A plan of this Early Bronze Age grave, dating to about 1900 BC, has been reconstructed by Stuart Needham and colleagues from Hoare’s description of where the many grave goods lay in relation to the skeleton. The objects include bronze studs from the handle of
a dagger or knife (1), a bronze ax (2), a pair of bronze daggers and a gold belt buckle (3), a small bronze dagger (4), a gold lozenge (5), and a stone macehead and its bone and gold fittings (6). After Needham
et al
.(2010)

p.
352
Silbury Hill has been excavated twice in modern times, by Atkinson in 1968–1970 and by English Heritage in 2007–2008. It dates to 2490–2340 BC, broadly contemporary with Stage 3 at Stonehenge. Aerial view. © English Heritage.

(Page numbers in
italic
type refer to illustrations.)

A 303 trunk road,
156
,
227
,
231

Aedui, King of,
178

Albarella, Umberto,
119

Alfred the Great,
6n

Allen, Denise,
220

Allen, Mike,
56
,
77
,
156
,
164
,
171
,
240
,
242
,
244
,
248
,
306

Altar Stone,
31
,
32
,
33
,
131
,
265
,
266
,
270
,
291

Amesbury,
156
,
209

cart tracks between Stonehenge and,
313

see also
West Amesbury

Amesbury Abbey,
313

Amesbury Archer,
209
,
210
,
213
,
281
,
333
,
350

likely origins of,
214

Amesbury 42 long barrow,
140
,
142
,
145
,
146
,
147

ancient Egypt,
12
,
323

Anderson-Whymark, Hugo,
249

Anglesey,
179
,
271

animal bones
see
faunal remains; Durrington Walls: faunal remains from

Annals
(Tacitus),
179

Antequera,
332

Antiquity,
14
,
332

antler picks,
32
,
43
,
89
,
90
,
112
,
113
,
128
,
130
,
132
,
143
,
144
,
218
,
220
,
248
,
304

Antrobus, Sir Edmund,
217

Antrobus, Sir Edward,
217

archaeoastronomy,
48

see also
solstices; Stonehenge: astronomical factors

arrowheads

barbed-and-tanged,
153
,
195
,
206
,
209

chisel,
64
,
66
,
158
,
159
,
220
,
223
,
227

flint,
15
,
64
,
65
,
67
,
119
,
233
,
276

from Millmead,
158

leaf-shaped,
20
,
66
,
76
,
115

oblique,
64
,
67
,
77
,
187

stylistic dating of,
66
,
134
,
236

Arthur, King,
312

Arts and Humanities Research Council,
92

astronomer-priests,
46
,
48
,
254

Atkinson, Richard,
38
,
41
,
42
,
43
,
46
,
47
,
129
,
166
,
181
,
184
,
188
,
220
,
239
,
250
,
280
,
299
,
311
,
332
,
343
,
346

book by,
39
,
40
;
see also Stonehenge
(Atkinson)

at Dorchester-on-Thames,
320

and earthworms,
306

and Q and R Holes’ dating,
303

sarsens’ marshalling area suggested by,
294

stone-moving, demonstration of, by,
266

view of Stonehenge people,
340

Aubrey, John,
2
,
29
,
38
,
188
,
297

Aubrey Holes,
30
,
38
,
46
,
107
,
167
,
181
,
182
,
184
,
201
,
203
,
223
,
224
,
253
,
309

bluestone holes’ similarity to,
183

burials now known to have been placed in,
194

identification of purpose of,
343

laying-out of,
255
,
258

lead plaque in, inscription on,
188
,
190

No. 7,
167
,
172
,
173
,
181
,
187
,
189
,
192
,
199
,
200

No. 32,
182
,
183
,
184

Ring of Brodgar compared to,
325

shown to be among first Stonehenge constructions,
186

Aurelius Ambrosius,
312

aurochs
(Bos primigenius),
18

Austin, Louise,
284

Avebury,
9
,
11
,
27
,
6
94
,
294
,
340
,
344

complex sequence of use at,
59

map showing location of,
24

Museum,
40
,
176

Sanctuary at,
60

Avenue
see
Durrington Walls: avenue; Stonehenge avenue

Avon valley,
23
,
121
,
296
,
299

see also
River Avon

axes

battle-,
154
,
271
,
282

copper,
16
,
123
,
124

flint or igneous,
15
,
123
,
154
,
159

jadeitite,
21

movement of,
271
,
275
,
290

rhyolite,
289

stone,
17
,
20
,
22
,
124
,
154
,
159
,
275

stone, polished, distribution of, in South Wales,
289

axis mundi,
245

Ballynahatty,
335

Bangor,
316

Barford,
319

Barnholm,
158

Barnhouse,
52
,
55
,
107
,
324

Beacon Hill,
146

Beaker people,
206
,
210
,
229
,
233
,
331
,
344

arrival of,
344

cattle as center of culture and economy of,
215

copper used by,
124
,
125

distribution of,
208

funerary sites of,
208
,
345

head-binding among,
212

pottery of,
54
,
77
,
117
,
117
,
170
,
206
,
212
,
344
,
350

semi-mobility of,
215

skulls of,
206
,
208
,
212

team assembled to research,
211

teeth of,
211

Beamish, Capt.,
32

bear,
158

Bedd Arthur,
277

Bedd yr Afanc,
276

Bender, Barbara,
13

Bennett, Wayne,
157

Bevins, Richard,
265
,
286

Biconical Urn,
149

bioturbation,
242
,
243
,
305

bluestone circle,
33
,
168
,
186
,
193
,
223
,
224
,
252
,
259
,
260
,
262
,
308
,
311
,
325
,
346

bluestone horseshoe,
27
,
311

bluestone oval,
33
,
131
,
169
,
193
,
223
,
224
,
259
,
260
,
277
,
311
,
336
,
343
,
346

Bluestonehenge,
216
,
222
,
317
,
333
,
344
,
345

arrowhead from,
64

laser scan of,
224

named,
223

possible purpose of,
229

richness of finds at,
225

bluestones,
7
,
27
,
40
,
132
,
166
,
267
,
310
,
336

Aubrey Holes’ similarity to holes of,
183
,
193

belief in healing powers of,
280
,
281
,
282
,
304

and Bluestonehenge,
see main entry

and Boles Barrow boulder,
272

chippings from,
42
,
141
,
228
,
243
,
248
,
253
,
261
,
270
,
282
,
304

dolerite majority stone type among,
263

double arc of holes for (Q and R Holes),
43
,
166
,
183
,
193
,
223
,
253
,
260
,
303
,
307
,
310
,
343

dressing of,
253

first circle of, at Stonehenge,
193

and glacial erratics,
269
,
274

glacial transportation of, speculation on,
268
,
275
,
285

igneous rocks among, range of,
265

labor required to move,
267

“lost” circle of,
262

means of moving, speculation on,
268
,
287

micaceous sandstone among,
262
,
263
,
265

millennium experiment concerning transportation of,
266

numbering system for,
34

origin of,
261

possible route of, to Stonehenge,
265
,
279
,
290

press announcement concerning,
303

removed and re-erected,
169

second delivery of,
224