Strange Rebels: 1979 and the Birth of the 21st Century (76 page)

      
Iranian military,
148–149
,
152

      
mutiny/defections in Afghan army,
214
,
262

      
special forces,
266
,
272
,
274

      
See also
People’s Republic of China: People’s Liberation Army

Militias,
119
,
149
,
150
,
152
,
154
,
206
,
211
,
216
,
217
,
238
,
242
,
297
,
298

Millar, Ronnie,
183
,
314

Missiles,
13
,
268
,
269
,
273

Modarres, Seyyed Hassan,
87
,
88

Modernization,
7
,
8
,
11
,
12
,
34
,
35
,
38
,
42
,
43
,
44
,
45
,
48
,
75
,
92
,
100
,
110
,
112
,
126
,
131
,
132
,
134
,
166
,
173
,
174
,
218
,
294
,
324
,
340
,
352
,
355
,
357–358

      
socialist modernization,
135

      
See also
People’s Republic of China: and Four Modernizations

Mohammad (Prophet),
219
,
222
,
223

Money supply/monetarism,
6
,
53
,
61
,
62
,
159
,
166
,
167
,
185
,
186
,
187
,
188
,
190
,
193–194
,
313
,
315
,
317

Montazeri (Ayatollah),
296

Mont Pèlerin Society,
161–162
,
324

Moral Majority,
360

Mosher, Steven,
249
,
253

Mossadeq, Mohammed,
7
,
42
,
46
,
88
,
109
,
230

Motahhari, Morteza (Ayatollah),
113
,
142
,
152

Mountbatten (Lord),
188

Mousavi, Mir-Hossein,
348

Mujahideen,
215
,
267
,
270
,
304
,
305
,
307
,
356
,
357

      
feuding among,
271
,
310

Mujahideen-e Khalq (MEK),
149
,
151
,
212
,
241–242
,
298

Mullahs,
12
,
37
,
39
,
40
,
226
,
227
,
294
,
301
,
349

Murdoch, Rupert,
181
,
194

Muslim Brotherhood,
91
,
104
,
112
,
219
,
220
,
223
,
226
,
346

Muslims,
40
,
47
,
96
,
102
,
105
,
110
.
See also
Islam
;
Quran
;
Shiites
;
Sunnis

Muslim Youth Organization,
226
,
227

Najibullah, Mohammed,
303
,
309
,
357

Nasser, Gamal Abdel,
220
,
221

Nationalism,
12
,
42
,
47
,
126
,
138
,
155
,
209
,
215
,
218
,
222
,
234
,
300
,
355

Nationalization,
4
,
7
,
42
,
43
,
46
,
55
,
58
,
61
,
62
,
88
,
153
,
159
,
183
,
185
,
195
,
230
,
293
,
318
,
321

NATO,
13
,
268
,
269

Natural gas,
35
,
55

Neave, Airey,
65
,
157

Neoconservatives,
164

Nepal,
34
,
35

New Civilization, A
(Webb),
340

New Deal,
13
,
56
,
162
,
324

New Left,
38
,
170

New York Times
,
3
,
50
,
209

Niazi, Abdur Rahim,
225–226

Nicaragua,
78

Nigeria,
296

Nixon, Richard,
3
,
138
,
159
,
169
,
170

Nonalignment,
35

Nonviolence,
278
,
282
,
283
,
284
,
285
,
287
,
345
,
347
,
348

North Korea,
234
,
341

Nuclear weapons,
13
,
318

Nuri, Sheikh Fazlollah,
87

Nuristani people,
103
,
104
,
215
,
217
,
228

Occidentosis: A Plague from the West
(Al-e Ahmad),
46

Ode, Robert C.,
235–236

Ogilvy & Mather firm,
245

Oil,
2
,
3
,
4
,
5
,
7
,
9
,
42
,
43
,
49
,
50
,
55
,
88
,
137
,
141
,
222
,
230
,
232
,
273

Operation Eagle Claw,
238

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC),
2
,
4

Otaibi, Juhayman al-,
224

Pahlavi, Mohammad Reza,
7
.
See also
Iran: shah of Iran

Pahlavi Foundation,
293

Pakistan,
10
,
12
,
24
,
34
,
38
,
40
,
215
,
228
,
234
,
271–272
,
307
,
311

      
intelligence services in,
217
,
303
,
304

      
Peshawar in,
302–303
,
306

Palestinians,
222
,
231
,
297
,
304
,
305

      
Palestine Liberation Organization,
91
,
105

Pan-Arabism,
47
,
300

Pashtuns,
38
,
40
,
98
,
103
,
215
,
227
,
272

Paul VI (Pope),
75

PDPA.
See
People’s Democratic Party of Afghanistan

Peace Corps,
10
,
34

Peasants,
128
,
174
,
243
,
249
,
251
,
253
,
279
,
328

Peng Zhen,
173
,
174

Pensions,
4
,
54
,
61
,
164

People’s Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA),
11
,
96
,
98
,
101
,
211–212
,
214
,
264

      
Khalq/Parcham groups in,
38
,
39
,
99
,
212
,
228
,
261
,
262
(
see also
Taraki, Nur Mohammed: and Hafizullah Amin
)

People’s Republic of China,
18–20
,
21–32
,
215
,
327–337

      
Anhui Province in,
250–251

      
Baoan Foreign Trade Base in,
256

      
Canton Trade Fair in,
254

      
Central Party Work Conference (1978),
117–118
,
123
,
127–129
,
130
,
131
,
133
,
173
,
256
,
331

      
Chinese Communist Party in,
353–355

      
Cultural Revolution in,
19
,
20
,
22
,
23
,
25
,
31
,
118
,
119
,
120
,
121
,
122
,
123–124
,
125
,
127
,
128
,
129
,
130
,
170
,
173
,
174
,
243
,
247
,
248
,
255
,
256
,
331

      
communes in,
128
,
129
,
244
,
249–254
,
328

      
economic reforms in,
32
,
134
,
135
,
326
,
327
,
330–331
,
333
,
352
,
353

      
entrance point to,
254
,
349–350

      
Export Processing Zones in,
257
,
329
,
352

      
farming by household in,
128
,
129
,
251–254
,
327
,
328

      
foreign investments in,
255
,
256
,
257–258
,
258–259
,
260
,
329

      
and Four Modernizations,
119
,
127
,
176
,
178

      
Great Leap Forward in,
18
,
31
,
32
,
119
,
128
,
129
,
174
,
176
,
249
,
250
,
252
,
328

      
Guangdong Province in,
245–246
,
250
,
257
,
258
,
259
,
260
,
335

      
Hainan Island in,
330

      
Hundred Flowers campaign in,
249

      
martial law in,
333

      
People’s Liberation Army in,
117
,
119
,
175
,
248

      
petitioners in,
174–175
,
178

      
Shanghai in,
334–335

      
Shekou in,
258–259

      
Shenzhen in,
256
,
258
,
259
,
329
,
330
,
334
,
350–351

      
Sichuan Province in,
251–252
,
328

      
Special Economic Zones (SEZ) in,
260
,
329–330
,
332
,
334
,
335–336
,
352

      
Third Plenum in (1978),
134–135
,
137
,
170
,
244
,
246

      
Tiananmen Square in,
23
,
120
,
124
,
125
,
127
,
130
,
134
,
284
,
332
,
333
,
355

      
Town and Village Enterprises (TVEs) in,
328

      
Xidan Democracy Wall in,
125–127
,
129
,
175–176
,
177