Authors: Doris Kearns Goodwin
“steady devotion…beyond the State”: Ibid., May 21, 1860.
refused to engage in the practical methods: Niven,
Salmon P. Chase,
pp. 214–17; Hart,
Salmon P. Chase,
p. 428.
“if the most cherished…could prevail”: SPC to Edward S. Hamlin, June 12, 1856, reel 11, Chase Papers.
“Now is the time…topmost wave”: Calvin Ellis Stowe to SPC, March 30, 1858, reel 12, Chase Papers.
“There is reason to hope”: SPC to James A Briggs, from Wheeling, Va., May 8, 1860, reel 13, Chase Papers.
Judge Edward Bates awaited: Marvin R. Cain,
Lincoln’s Attorney General: Edward Bates of Missouri
(Columbia, Mo.: University of Missouri Press, 1965), p. 115.
Grape Hill: Entry of September 28, 1859, Orville H. Browning,
The Diary of Orville Hickman Browning. Vol. I: 1850–1864,
ed. Theodore Calvin Pease and James G. Randall.
Collections of the Illinois State Historical Library,
Volume XX (Springfield, Ill.: Illinois State Historical Library, 1925), p. 380; Cain,
Lincoln’s Attorney General,
p. 59.
general information on Bates family: Introduction,
The Diary of Edward Bates, 1859–1866,
pp. xv–xvi;
Missouri Republican,
St. Louis, Mo., March 26, 1869.
The judge’s orderly life: EB to Julia Bates, January 1, 1835; January 5, 1828; November 7, 1827; Edward Bates Papers, 1778–1872, mss 1 B3184a, Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, Va. [hereafter Bates Papers, ViHi]; entry for April 9, 1860, in
The Diary of Edward Bates, 1859–1866,
p. 120 (quote).
description of St. Louis: “Lecture of Edward Bates,”
St. Louis Weekly Reveille,
February 24, 1845, typescript copy, St. Louis History Collection, Missouri Historical Society, St. Louis, Mo. [hereafter MoSHi]; William C. Winter,
The Civil War in St. Louis: A Guided Tour
(St. Louis, Mo.: Missouri Historical Society, 1995), p. 3; James Neal Primm,
Lion of the Valley: St. Louis, Missouri, 1764–1980,
3rd edn. (St. Louis: Missouri Historical Society Press, 1998), pp. 192, 182 (quote).
“the quaintest looking…youth of twenty”: Alban Jasper Conant, “A Visit to Washington in 1861–62,”
Metropolitan Magazine
XXXIII (June 1910), p. 313.
descriptions of Bates: Hendrick,
Lincoln’s War Cabinet,
pp. 46–47; Cain,
Lincoln’s Attorney General,
pp. 1, 64.
Lincoln noted the striking…“more than his head”: AL quoted in Hendrick,
Lincoln’s War Cabinet,
p. 46.
“unaffected by…little bonnet”: Conant, “A Visit to Washington in 1861–62,”
Metropolitan Magazine,
p. 313.
“How happy is my lot!…so freely gives”: Edward Bates diary, November 27, 1851, Edward Bates Papers, Missouri Historical Society, St. Louis, Mo. [hereafter Bates diary].
“a very domestic, home, man”: Ibid., May 2, 1852.
speech at the River and Harbor Convention: “Bates, Edward,”
Dictionary of American Biography. Vol. I: Abbe-Brazer,
ed. Allen Johnson (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1927; 1957), p. 48; James Shaw, “A Neglected Episode in the Life of Abraham Lincoln,”
Transactions of the Illinois State Historical Society,
no. 29 of the Illinois State Historical Library (1922), pp. 52, 54.
as the 1860 election neared: Cain,
Lincoln’s Attorney General,
pp. 95–96.
dinner at Frank Blair’s home: Entry of April 27, 1859, in
The Diary of Edward Bates, 1859–1866,
p. 11; Reinhard H. Luthin,
The First Lincoln Campaign
(Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1944; Gloucester, Mass.: Peter Smith, 1964), pp. 54–55.
Blair family details: See Elbert B. Smith,
Francis Preston Blair
(New York: Free Press/Macmillan Publishing Co., 1980), pp. 172–73; William Ernest Smith,
The Francis Preston Blair Family in Politics,
Vol. I (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1933), pp. 185–88, 189–91; Hendrick,
Lincoln’s War Cabinet,
pp. 61–69, 388;
Washington Post,
September 14, 1906;
Star,
September 14, 1906; Virginia Jeans Laas, ed.,
Wartime Washington: The Civil War Letters of Elizabeth Blair Lee
(Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1991), pp. 1, 2; William E. Parrish,
Frank Blair: Lincoln’s Conservative
(Columbia, Mo., and London: University of Missouri Press, 1998). Francis P. Blair, owner, slave schedule for 5th District, Montgomery County, Maryland, Eighth Census of the United States, 1860 (National Archives Microfilm Publication M653, reel 485), Records of the Bureau of the Census, Record Group [RG] 29, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C. [hereafter DNA]. Blair owned fifteen slaves in 1860.
had settled on the widely respected judge:
Lincoln’s Attorney General,
pp. 84–86, 91–92; Primm,
Lion of the Valley,
p. 230; Smith,
Francis Preston Blair,
p. 257; Smith,
The Francis Preston Blair Family in Politics,
Vol. I, pp. 461–62.
“I feel…of character”: Entry of July 5, 1859, in
The Diary of Edward Bates, 1859–1866,
pp. 29–30.
“a mere seat…member”: EB to Julia Coalter Bates, November 7, 1827, Bates Papers, ViHi.
“the mania…heretofore done”: FB, quoted in Parrish,
Frank Blair,
p. 81.
“My nomination…in vain”: Entry of January 9, 1860, in
The Diary of Edward Bates, 1859–1866,
pp. 89–90.
days were increasingly…first ballot victory: Cain,
Lincoln’s Attorney General,
pp. 93, 94, 107.
“I have many strong…in New York, Pa.”: Entry of December 1, 1859, in
The Diary of Edward Bates, 1859–1866,
pp. 71–72.
pockets of opposition…German-Americans: Cain,
Lincoln’s Attorney General,
pp. 103, 106.
“There is no question…conservative antecedents”:
NYTrib,
May 15, 1860.
Bates would triumph in Chicago: Cain,
Lincoln’s Attorney General,
p. 110.
“some of the most moderate and patriotic”: EB,
Letter of Hon. Edward Bates, of Missouri, Indorsing Mr. Lincoln, and Giving His Reasons for Supporting the Chicago Nominees
(Washington, D.C.: Printed at the Congressional Globe Office, 1860).
“would tend to soften…in the border States”: Ibid.
CHAPTER 2: THE “LONGING TO RISE”
“We find ourselves…times tells us”: AL, “Address Before the Young Men’s Lyceum of Springfield, Illinois,” January 27, 1838, in
CW,
I, p. 108.
“When both the…universal feeling”: Alexis de Tocqueville,
Democracy in America,
ed. J. P. Mayer, trans. George Lawrence (New York: Harper & Row, 1966; 1988), p. 629.
“any man’s son…any other man’s son”: Frances M. Trollope,
Domestic Manners of the Americans
(London: Whittaker, Treacher, & Co., 1832; Barre, Mass.: Imprint Society, 1969), p. 93.
thousands of young men to break away: Joyce Appleby,
Inheriting the Revolution: The First Generation of Americans
(Cambridge, Mass., and London: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2000), p. 88.
the Louisiana Purchase: See Robert Wiebe,
The Opening of American Society: From the Adoption of the Constitution to the Eve of Disunion
(New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1984), pp. 131–32; “Louisiana Purchase,” in
The Reader’s Companion to American History,
ed. Eric Foner and John A. Garraty (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1991), p. 682.
“Americans are always moving…the mountainside”: Stephen Vincent Benét,
Western Star
(New York: Farrar & Rinehart, 1943), pp. 3, 7–8.
In the South…thriving cities: Thomas Dublin, “Internal Migration,” in
The Reader’s Companion to American History,
ed. Foner and Garraty, pp. 564–65.
“Every American…to rise”: de Tocqueville,
Democracy in America,
ed. Mayer, p. 627.
born on May 16, 1801: Van Deusen,
William Henry Seward,
p. 3.
Samuel Seward: Seward,
An Autobiography,
pp. 19–20; Bancroft,
The Life of William H. Seward,
Vol. I, pp. 1–2; Taylor,
William Henry Seward,
p. 12.
“a considerable…destined preferment”: Seward,
An Autobiography,
pp. 20, 21.
Seward’s early education: Ibid., pp. 20, 22; “Biographical Memoir of William H. Seward,”
The Works of William H. Seward,
Vol. I, ed. George E. Baker (5 vols., New York: J. S. Redfield, 1853; New York: AMS Press, 1972), pp. xvi–xvii.
“at five in the morning…politics or religion!”: Seward,
An Autobiography,
pp. 21, 22.
Seward slaves: Ibid., p. 27. The Sewards still owned seven slaves in 1820. See entry for Samuel S. Seward, Warwick, Orange County, N.Y., Fourth Census of the United States, 1820 (National Archives Microfilm Publication M33, reel 64), RG 29, DNA.
“loquacious”…to fight against slavery: Seward,
An Autobiography,
pp. 27–28.
status of slavery in the North after the Revolution: Winthrop D. Jordan,
White Over Black: American Attitudes Toward the Negro, 1550–1812
(New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1977), p. 345; Leon F. Litwack,
North of Slavery: The Negro in the Free States, 1790–1860
(Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1961), pp. 3, 6.
slavery eliminated in New York by 1827: Taylor,
William Henry Seward,
p. 14.
enrolled in…Union College: Van Deusen,
William Henry Seward,
p. 4.
“a magnificent…so imposing”: Seward,
An Autobiography,
p. 29.
“I cherished…of my class”: Ibid., p. 31.
“had determined…at Union College”: Ibid., p. 35.
“all the eminent…a broken heart”: Ibid., pp. 35, 36–43.
“Matters prosper…even his notice”: WHS to Daniel Jessup, Jr., January 24, 1820, reel 1, Seward Papers.
“was received as a student…in Washington Hall”: Seward,
An Autobiography,
pp. 47–48.
friendship with…David Berdan: “David Berdan,” Eulogy read before the Adelphic Society of Union College, July 21, 1828, and published in
The Knickerbocker Magazine
(December 1839), in
The Works of William H. Seward,
Vol. III, pp. 117–27; WHS to the President of the Adelphic Society, Union College, draft copy, September 3, 1827, reel 1, Seward Papers; Taylor,
William Henry Seward,
p. 18.
“a genius of the highest order”…Seward was devastated: WHS to the President of the Adelphic Society, Union College, draft copy, September 3, 1827, reel 1, Seward Papers.
“never again…in this world”: FAS to WHS, February 15, 1831, reel 113, Seward Papers.
“a common feature”…passionate romances: E. Anthony Rotundo,
American Manhood: Transformations in Masculinity from the Revolution to the Modern Era
(New York: Basic Books/HarperCollins, 1993), pp. 3, 76 (quote), 86.
Relationship with Judge Miller: “Biographical Memoir of William H. Seward,”
Works of William H. Seward,
Vol. I, p. xxi.
marriage to Frances Miller…The judge insisted: Seward,
An Autobiography,
p. 62.
Chase’s ancestors: Niven,
Salmon P. Chase,
pp. 5–7, 21; Schuckers,
The Life and Public Services of Salmon Portland Chase,
p. 3; Robert B. Warden,
An Account of the Private Life and Public Services of Salmon Portland Chase
(Cincinnati: Wilstach, Baldwin & Co., 1874), pp. 22–27.
“the neighboring folk…in New England”: SPC to John T. Trowbridge, December 27, 1863, reel 30, Chase Papers.
“a good man”: SPC to Trowbridge, January 19, 1864, reel 31, Chase Papers.
“angry word…from his lips”: SPC to Trowbridge, December 27, 1863, reel 30, Chase Papers.
Chase long remembered…“& kind looks”: SPC to Trowbridge, January 19, 1864, reel 31, Chase Papers.
“I was…ambitious…of my class”: SPC to Trowbridge, December 27, 1863, reel 30, Chase Papers.
taught by elder sister: Warden,
Private Life and Public Services,
p. 36.
retreat to the garden…designated passages: SPC to Trowbridge, January 19, 1864, reel 31, Chase Papers.
“once repeating…a single recitation”: Biographical sketch of Salmon P. Chase, quoted in Warden,
Private Life and Public Services,
p. 39.
“for the entertainment they afforded”: Warden,
Private Life and Public Services,
p. 38.
“quite a prodigy…and head down”: SPC to Trowbridge, January 21, 1864, reel 31, Chase Papers.
“sliding down hill”…would swear: SPC to Trowbridge, December 27, 1863, reel 30, Chase Papers.
made him abhor intemperance: Warden,
Private Life and Public Services,
p. 63.
“face forward…sufficed to save”: SPC to Trowbridge, January 21, 1864, reel 31, Chase Papers.
Ithamar’s glass venture and financial ruin: SPC to Trowbridge, January 19, 1864, reel 31, Chase Papers; Niven,
Salmon P. Chase,
pp. 7–8.