Authors: Doris Kearns Goodwin
Seward’s Rochester, New York, speech: WHS, “The Irrepressible Conflict, Rochester, October 25, 1858,” in
Works of William H. Seward,
Vol. IV, pp. 289–302 (quotes pp. 291, 292; italics added).
Frances Seward…stance of the South: FAS to CS, January 4, 1859, reel 17, Sumner Papers.
“that troubled…
irrepressible
?”: Kenneth M. Stampp, “The Irrepressible Conflict,” in Stampp,
The Imperiled Union: Essays on the Background of the Civil War
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1980; 1981), p. 191.
uproar in opposition papers:
Atlas and Argus,
Albany, N.Y., October 28, 1858.
“more repulsive…Rev. Dr. Parker”:
NYH,
October 28, 1858.
“never comprehended…words”: Gienapp,
The Origins of the Republican Party,
p. 191.
“if heaven…do it again”: WHS, quoted in Van Deusen,
William Henry Seward,
p. 194.
conciliatory…with his adversaries: David M. Potter,
Lincoln and His Party in the Secession Crisis
(New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1942), pp. 25–26.
“alarm and apprehension”: WHS to FAS, February 9, 1849, quoted in Seward,
Seward at Washington…1846–1861,
p. 98.
“This general impression…‘Night’s Dream’”: WHS to FAS, February 9, 1849, quoted in ibid., p. 98.
“Those who assailed…pinch of snuff”:
Albany Evening Journal,
May 19, 1890.
Seward’s extravagant dinner parties:
Columbus [Ohio] Gazette,
April 6, 1860 (quotes); Van Deusen,
William Henry Seward,
pp. 257–58.
a trip through Canada: Seward,
Seward at Washington…1846–1861,
pp. 301–22; Van Deusen,
William Henry Seward,
p. 183.
“voyage of discovery”: FPB to WHS, October 5, 1857, quoted in Seward,
Seward at Washington…1846–1861,
p. 324.
“very best traveling”…elegant meals: FPB to WHS, November 1, 1857, quoted in ibid., p. 326.
“At an age…of the nation”:
Cincinnati Enquirer,
August 6, 1899.
“a scientific knowledge…surpassed”: Peacock,
Famous American Belles of the Nineteenth Century,
p. 214.
“Her complexion…of her head”: Sara A. Pryor,
Reminiscences of Peace and War.
Revised and enlarged ed. (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1905), pp. 75–76.
Gothic mansion on Sixth Street: Niven,
Salmon P. Chase,
pp. 200, 201, 204; SPC to KCS, December 3, 4, 5, and 6, 1857, reel 11, Chase Papers.
“I feel I am…trust yours”: SPC to KCS, December 5, 1857, reel 11, Chase Papers.
“you have capacity and will do very well”: SPC to KCS, December 4, 1857, reel 11, Chase Papers.
role of Ohio’s first lady: Ross,
Proud Kate,
pp. 32–33, 36–37.
“I knew all…very early age”: “Kate Chase in 1893,” undated newspaper clipping from the
Star,
KCS vertical file, DCPL.
first dinner “in society…very beautiful”: Howells,
Years of My Youth,
pp. 154–55.
led to a tryst…end to the relationship:
Columbus Special
to the
Chicago Times,
reprinted in
Cincinnati Enquirer,
August 13, 1879.
“I find that…any other man”: SPC to Charles D. Cleveland, November 3, 1857, reel 11, Chase Papers.
met in Lecompton…applied for statehood: Potter,
The Impending Crisis, 1848–1861,
pp. 300, 306–07, 313–15, 318–20, 322–25.
now siding with the Republicans: Potter,
The Impending Crisis, 1848–1861,
pp. 316, 318, 320–21.
“My objection…a slave State”: Stephen A. Douglas’s speech, “Third Debate with Stephen A. Douglas at Jonesboro, Illinois,” September 15, 1858, in
CW,
III, p. 115.
He cared not…voted up or down: AL on Stephen Douglas, in “A House Divided”: Speech at Springfield, Illinois, June 16, 1858, in
CW,
II, p. 463.
“was not the act…embody their will”: Stephen A. Douglas’s speech, “Third Debate with Stephen A. Douglas at Jonesboro, Illinois,” September 15, 1858, in
CW,
III, p. 115.
“What can…freedom and justice”: WHS to [FAS?], December 10, 1857, quoted in Seward,
Seward at Washington…1846–1861,
p. 330.
Greeley called on Illinois Republicans: Fehrenbacher,
Prelude to Greatness,
p. 61.
Lincoln at once…destroyed the Republican Party: AL to Elihu B. Washburne, May 27, 1858, in
CW,
II, p. 455; AL to SPC, April 30, 1859, in
CW,
III, p. 378; Donald,
Lincoln,
pp. 204, 208.
“accosted by friends…to go under”: AL, “Fragment of a Speech,” [c. May 18, 1858], in
CW,
II, p. 448.
“What does…here in Illinois?”: AL to Lyman Trumbull, December 28, 1857, in ibid., p. 430.
“incapable of…pure republican position”: AL to Charles L. Wilson, June 1, 1858, in ibid., p. 457.
interference of the Eastern Republicans:
Illinois Daily Journal,
Springfield, Ill., June 16, 1858; Fehrenbacher,
Prelude to Greatness,
pp. 62–63.
“Abraham Lincoln…United States Senate”: Thomas,
Abraham Lincoln,
p. 179.
a statewide Republican convention…“Stephen A. Douglas”: Fehrenbacher,
Prelude to Greatness,
pp. 63, 48 (quote p. 48).
“A house divided…another Supreme Court decision”: AL, “A House Divided”: Speech at Springfield, Illinois, June 16, 1858, in
CW,
II, pp. 461, 465–67. “A House Divided” appears in the Bible in Matthew 12:25; Mark 3:24.
If “the point…talking about”: James M. McPherson, “How Lincoln Won the War with Metaphors,” Eighth Annual R. Gerald McMurtry Lecture, 1985, reprinted in James M. McPherson,
Abraham Lincoln and the Second American Revolution
(New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991), p. 104.
“weight
and
authority
…not
promise
to
ever
be”: AL, “A House Divided”: Speech at Springfield, Illinois, June 16, 1858, in
CW,
II, pp. 462–63, 467–68.
“What if Judge”…to extend slavery: AL’s reply, “First Debate with Stephen A. Douglas at Ottawa, Illinois,” August 21, 1858, in
CW,
III, pp. 22, 20 (quote p. 22).
“planned to seize…nationalize slavery”: Cain,
Lincoln’s Attorney General,
p. 77.
Lincoln, the challenger, asked Douglas:
The Lincoln-Douglas Debates: The First Complete, Unexpurgated Text,
ed. Harold Holzer (New York: HarperCollins, 1993), pp. 2–6.
both men covered over 4,000 miles: Ibid., p. 20.
marching bands…picnics: Baringer,
Lincoln’s Rise to Power,
pp. 21–22, 24–25, 28, 30–31, 33–34, 37.
“all the devoted…for athletic contests”: Fehrenbacher,
Prelude to Greatness,
p. 15.
“the country people…lines in single combat”: Schurz,
Reminiscences,
Vol. II, pp. 92, 88.
“were the successive…of the nation”: AL’s speech, “Sixth Debate with Stephen A. Douglas, at Quincy, Illinois,” October 13, 1858, in
CW,
III, pp. 252–53.
“On the whole…extreme modest simplicity”: Schurz,
Reminiscences,
Vol. II, p. 92.
followed the same rules…Newspaper stenographers:
The Lincoln-Douglas Debates,
ed. Holzer, pp. 4, 9.
“No more striking…and staying power”: Schurz,
Reminiscences,
Vol. II, p. 94.
The highly partisan papers: See
The Lincoln-Douglas Debates,
ed. Holzer, pp. 7–8.
“when Mr. Lincoln…music in front”:
Press and Tribune,
Chicago, following Ottawa debate, quoted in
The Lincoln-Douglas Debates,
ed. Holzer, p. 85.
“excoriation of Lincoln…in shame”:
Chicago Times,
in ibid.
“both comparatively…Hit him again”: Stephen Douglas’s speech, “First Debate with Stephen A. Douglas at Ottawa, Illinois,” August 21, 1858, in
CW,
III, pp. 5–6.
conceded that Douglas…“upon principle, alone”: AL, “Speech at Springfield, Illinois,” July 17, 1858, in
CW,
II, p. 506.
“The very notice…political physicians”: Stephen Douglas, quoted in
NYTrib,
included in AL’s reply, “Third Joint Debate at Jonesboro,” September 15, 1858, in
The Lincoln-Douglas Debates,
ed. Holzer, p. 173.
“Well, I know…if he can”: AL’s reply, “Third Joint Debate at Jonesboro,” September 15, 1858, in ibid., pp. 173, 175.
a small notebook…“pursuit of Happiness”: Ibid., p. 17. Quotation from paragraph two of the Declaration of Independence (1776).
“majestic interpretation…in other ages”: AL, “Speech at Lewistown, Illinois,” August 17, 1858, quoted in
Press and Tribune,
Chicago, August 21, 1858, in
CW,
II, p. 546.
“I care more…in Christendom”: Stephen Douglas’s reply, “Seventh and Last Debate with Stephen A. Douglas at Alton, Illinois,” October 15, 1858, in
CW,
III, p. 322.
“the doctrine…a slave of another”: AL, “Speech at Peoria, Illinois,” October 16, 1854, in
CW,
II, pp. 265–66.
“The difference between…these views”: AL, “Speech at Edwardsville, Illinois,” September 11, 1858, in
CW,
III, p. 92.
set of Black Laws…on juries: Leon F. Litwack,
North of Slavery: The Negro in the Free States, 1790–1860
(Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1961), pp. 93, 278.
“If you desire…Never, never”: Stephen Douglas’s speech, “First Debate with Stephen A. Douglas at Ottawa, Illinois,” August 21, 1858, in
CW,
III, p. 9.
“the signers…that’s the truth”: Stephen A. Douglas’s speech, “Seventh and Last Debate with Stephen A. Douglas at Alton, Illinois,” October 15, 1858, in ibid., p. 296.
“no purpose…the black races”: AL’s reply, “First Debate with Stephen A. Douglas at Ottawa, Illinois,” August 21, 1858, in ibid., p. 16.
“of making voters…nor to intermarry”: AL’s speech, “Fourth Debate with Stephen A. Douglas at Charleston, Illinois,” September 18, 1858, in ibid., p. 145.
“a physical difference…of every living man”: AL’s reply, “First Debate with Stephen A. Douglas at Ottawa, Illinois,” August 21, 1858, in ibid., p. 16.
only unequivocal statement: Harry Jaffa,
Crisis of the House Divided,
pp. 382–84.
passing a special law…“whether free or slave”: Koerner,
Memoirs of Gustave Koerner,
Vol. II, p. 30.
“Seward did not…of the whites”: Van Deusen,
William Henry Seward,
p. 94.
“the two races…in other lands”: Blue,
Salmon P. Chase,
pp. 83, 84; SPC, quoted in ibid.
“The most dreadful…prejudice of the white”: de Tocqueville,
Democracy in America,
ed. Mansfield and Winthrop, pp. 326, 329, 328.
“in the name of…to go?”: Henry Clay, quoted in Nevins,
Ordeal of the Union.
Vol. I:
Fruits of Manifest Destiny,
p. 515.
“My first impulse…native land”: AL, “Speech at Peoria, Illinois,” October 16, 1854, in
CW,
II, p. 255.
More than 3 million: Craven,
The Growth of Southern Nationalism,
p. 12.
“What then?…safely disregarded”: AL, quoting his 1854 Peoria speech in his reply, “First Debate with Stephen A. Douglas at Ottawa, Illinois,” August 21, 1858, in
CW,
III, p. 15.
“With public sentiment…this American people”: AL’s reply, “First Debate with Stephen A. Douglas at Ottawa, Illinois,” August 21, 1858, in ibid., pp. 27, 29.
“they did not mean…all colors everywhere”: AL, “Speech at Springfield, Illinois,” June 26, 1857, in
CW,
II, p. 406.
“penetrate the human soul”: AL’s reply, “First Debate with Stephen A. Douglas at Ottawa, Illinois,” August 21, 1858, in
CW,
III, p. 29.
“all this quibbling…men are created equal”: AL, “Speech at Chicago, Illinois,” July 10, 1858, quoted by Stephen Douglas in his reply, “Sixth Debate with Stephen A. Douglas at Quincy, Illinois,” October 13, 1858, in ibid., p. 263.
“practical recognition of our Equality”: Frederick Douglass, quoted in David W. Blight,
Frederick Douglass’ Civil War: Keeping Faith in Jubilee
(Baton Rouge and London: Louisiana State University Press, 1989), p. 16.
“the first great man…the colored race”: Frederick Douglass, “Lincoln and the Colored Troops,” in
Reminiscences of Abraham Lincoln,
ed. Rice, p. 323.
“having strong sympathies…and so on”: AL’s reply, “Seventh and Last Debate with Stephen A. Douglas at Alton, Illinois,” October 15, 1858, in
CW,
III, p. 300.
“whole town…human beings”: Eyewitness at Alton debate, quoted in
The Lincoln-Douglas Debates,
ed. Holzer, p. 322.