Authors: Doris Kearns Goodwin
“Thereupon…all eyes in the house”:
NYTrib,
April 8, 1865.
Summoning his cabinet…west to Danville: Davis,
Jefferson Davis,
p. 604.
small fire…“three-quarters of a mile”: Charles A. Dana to EMS, April 6, 1865,
OR,
Ser. 1, Vol. XLVI, Part III, p. 594.
All the public buildings…were destroyed:
NYTrib,
April 8, 1865.
leaving only…the Spotswood Hotel: Charles A. Dana to EMS, April 6, 1865,
OR,
Ser. 1, Vol. XLVI, Part III, p. 594.
“Here is…Richmond has fallen”: Bates,
Lincoln in the Telegraph Office,
pp. 360–61.
“spread by a thousand mouths”:
Star,
April 3, 1865.
“almost by magic…fullness of their joy”: Brooks,
Washington, D.C., in Lincoln’s Time,
p. 219.
“wept as children…vows of friendship”:
NYH,
April 4, 1865.
crowd called for Stanton…“his emotion”:
Star,
February 15, 1896.
“gratitude to Almighty…with their blood”: EMS, quoted in Brooks,
Washington, D.C., in Lincoln’s Time,
p. 220.
“so overcome by emotion…speak continuously”: Ibid.
Seward…“Secretary of War as this”: WHS, quoted in ibid., p. 221.
crowd erupted…“loud and lusty” cheers:
NR,
April 3, 1865.
“beaming” Stanton…“The Star Spangled Banner”:
NYTrib,
April 4, 1865.
“The demand seemed…press to supply”:
Star,
April 3, 1865.
One hundred
Herald…
section of the city:
NYH,
April 4, 1865.
EXTRA
!…first to enter the city:
NR,
April 3, 1865.
eight hundred guns, fired at Stanton’s order: Brooks,
Mr. Lincoln’s Washington,
p. 431.
dinner at Stanton’s house: Thomas and Hyman,
Stanton,
p. 353.
“if there were to be…of the danger”: James Speed to Joseph H. Barrett, 1885 September 16, Lincoln Collection, Lincoln Miscellaneous Manuscripts, Box 9, Folder 66, Special Collections, Research Center, University of Chicago Library.
tried to keep Lincoln…“the same condition”: EMS to AL, April 3, 1865, Lincoln Papers.
Lincoln was already…Richmond the next day: AL to EMS, April 3, 1865,
CW,
VIII, p. 385.
At 8 a.m…. historic journey to Richmond: Barnes, “With Lincoln from Washington to Richmond in 1865,” Part II,
Appleton’s
(1907), p. 746.
channel approaching…“and touched them”:
Through Five Administrations,
ed. Gerry, pp. 51–52.
“Here we were…well to be humble”: AL, quoted in Porter,
Incidents and Anecdotes of the Civil War,
pp. 294–95.
Lincoln was surrounded…“hereafter enjoy”: Ibid., p. 295.
men stood up…“and from the water-side”: Ibid., pp. 296–97.
crowd trailed Lincoln…easily visible: Ibid., p. 299.
“walking with his usual…in everything”: Thomas Thatcher Graves, “The Occupation,” Part II of “The Fall of Richmond,” in
Battles and Leaders of the Civil War,
Vol. IV, Pt. II, p. 727 (quote); Porter,
Incidents and Anecdotes of the Civil War,
p. 299;
Through Five Administrations,
ed. Gerry, p. 53.
Lincoln’s bodyguard…along the route:
Through Five Administrations,
ed. Gerry, p. 54.
occupied the stucco mansion…glass of water: Barnes, “With Lincoln from Washington to Richmond in 1865,” Part II,
Appleton’s
(1907), pp. 748–49.
bottle of whiskey…“condition for the Yankees”:
Through Five Administrations,
ed. Gerry, p. 55.
toured the mansion…“interested in everything”: Graves, “The Occupation,” in
Battles and Leaders of the Civil War,
Vol. IV, Pt. II, p. 728.
met with the members…troops from the war: J. G. Randall and Richard N. Current,
Lincoln the President: The Last Full Measure,
originally published as Vol. 4 of
Lincoln the President
(New York: Dodd, Mead, 1955; Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1991), pp. 353–56; AL to Godfrey Weitzel, April 6, 1865,
CW,
VIII, p. 389.
Confederate statehouse…greatly relieved: Porter,
Incidents and Anecdotes of the Civil War,
pp. 302–03.
“nothing short of miraculous…go in peace”:
Through Five Administrations,
ed. Gerry, p. 54.
all the public buildings…“one blaze of glory”: Brooks,
Mr. Lincoln’s Washington,
p. 434.
“the entire population…of lighted candles”:
NR,
April 5, 1865.
he told Welles…“schemes are his apology”: Entry for April 5, 1865,
Welles diary,
Vol. II, p. 275.
Fanny and her friend…horses bolted: Seward,
Seward at Washington…1861–1872,
p. 270 (quote); entry for April 5, 1865, in Johnson, “Sensitivity and Civil War,” p. 867;
NR,
April 6, 1865.
“swinging the driver…a cat by the tail”:
NR,
April 6, 1865.
Fred and Seward jumped…consciousness: Seward,
Seward at Washington…1861–1872,
p. 270 (quote); entry for April 5, 1865, in Johnson, “Sensitivity and Civil War,” pp. 867–68; Verdi, “The Assassination of the Sewards,”
The Republic
(1873), p. 290.
“The horses tore”…his broken body: Entry for April 5, 1865, in Johnson, “Sensitivity and Civil War,” pp. 867–68.
“blood streaming from his mouth”: Verdi, “The Assassination of the Sewards,”
The Republic
(1873), p. 290.
delirious with pain…his side for hours: Entry for April 5, 1865, in Johnson, “Sensitivity and Civil War,” pp. 868, 869.
Stanton sent…“presence here is needed”: EMS to AL, April 5, 1865, Lincoln Papers.
Lincoln advised Grant…return to Washington: AL to USG, April 6, 1865,
CW,
VIII, p. 388.
Mary and her invited…“arrive at City Point”: MTL to EMS, April 6, 1865, in Turner and Turner,
Mary Todd Lincoln,
p. 214 (quote); Foote,
The Civil War,
Vol. III, p. 903; Keckley,
Behind the Scenes,
p. 163.
Stanton informed…“remaining at City Point”: EMS to MTL, April 6, 1865, Lincoln Papers.
he sent word…“clear and spirits good”: EMS to AL, April 6, 1865, Lincoln Papers.
Mary’s party arrived…bulletins, all positive: Chambrun, “Personal Recollections of Mr. Lincoln,”
Scribner’s
(1893), p. 27.
“His whole appearance…had been attained”: James Harlan, quoted in Foote,
The Civil War,
Vol. III, P874 p. 903.
“it was impossible…much less of vanity”: Chambrun, “Personal Recollections of Mr. Lincoln,”
Scribner’s
(1893), p. 28.
telegram from Sheridan…“Lee will surrender”: Phil Sheridan to USG, quoted in AL to EMS, April 7, 1865,
CW,
VIII, p. 389.
“Let the
thing
be pressed”: AL to USG, April 7, 1865,
CW,
VIII, p. 392.
Julia Grant…“that we be not judged”:
Personal Memoirs of Julia Dent Grant,
p. 149; Chambrun, “Personal Recollections of Mr. Lincoln,”
Scribner’s
(1893), p. 33 (quote).
“he gave orders…the great oaks”: Chambrun, “Personal Recollections of Mr. Lincoln,”
Scribner’s
(1893), p. 29 (quote); Keckley,
Behind the Scenes,
p. 169.
“an old country…quiet place like this”: AL, quoted in Arnold,
The Life of Abraham Lincoln,
p. 435.
observed a turtle…shared “a happy laugh”: Keckley,
Behind the Scenes,
p. 170.
visited injured soldiers…“no more fighting”: Chambrun, “Personal Recollections of Mr. Lincoln,”
Scribner’s
(1893), pp. 30, 33–34.
came to say farewell…“floating palace”: Keckley,
Behind the Scenes,
pp. 171–72.
asked them to play…“upon literary subjects”: Chambrun, “Personal Recollections of Mr. Lincoln,”
Scribner’s
(1893), pp. 34, 35.
“a beautiful quarto…in his hands”: Edward L. Pierce,
Memoir and Letters of Charles Sumner,
Vol. IV (London: Sampson Low, Marston and Co., 1893), p. 235.
passages from
Macbeth…touch him further
: William Shakespeare,
Macbeth,
Scene II, in
The Riverside Shakespeare,
2nd edn., Vol. II (Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1997), p. 1373; Chambrun, “Personal Recollections of Mr. Lincoln,”
Scribner’s
(1893), p. 35.
“how true a description…the same scene”: Chambrun, “Personal Recollections of Mr. Lincoln,”
Scribner’s
(1893), p. 35.
ominous selection…“in continual dread”: Speed to Barrett, September 16, 1885, University of Chicago Library.
“that the people know…without fear”: AL, quoted in Thomas and Hyman,
Stanton,
p. 395.
passed by Mount Vernon…“would again reappear”: Chambrun, “Personal Recollections of Mr. Lincoln,”
Scribner’s
(1893), pp. 35, 32.
He had observed…“in ruined Richmond”:
Through Five Administrations,
ed. Gerry, p. 59.
“It was in the evening…injuries and the shock”: Seward,
Seward at Washington…1861–1872,
pp. 271, 270.
his face “so marred…patient and uncomplaining”: FAS to LW, quoted in ibid., p. 271.
“The extreme sensitiveness…from the door”: Seward, ibid., p. 271.
Lincoln entered the room…“the end, at last”: WHS and AL, quoted in ibid., p. 271.
stretched out…“satisfied at the labor”: Seward,
Seward at Washington…1861–1872,
p. 271; entry for April 9, 1865, in Johnson, “Sensitivity and Civil War,” p. 872 (quotes).
saw that Seward…got up and left the room: Seward,
Seward at Washington…1861–1872,
p. 272.
telegram from Grant…“proposed by myself”: USG to EMS, April 9, 1865,
OR,
Ser. 1, Vol. XLVI, Part III, p. 663.
“the President hugged him with joy”:
Star,
February 15, 1896.
close to 10 p.m.…“first time in my life”: Entry for April 9, 1865, in Johnson, “Sensitivity and Civil War,” p. 871.
Both Grant and Lee…“dignified in defeat”: Jay Winik,
April 1865: The Month That Saved America
(New York: HarperCollins, 2001), p. 193.
Grant had sent a note…“effusion of blood”: USG to Robert E. Lee, April 7, 1865,
OR,
Ser. 1, Vol. XLVI, Part III, p. 619.
Lee refused to accept…ready to surrender: McPherson,
Battle Cry of Freedom,
p. 848.
dressed for the historic…“deep, red silk”: Douglas Southall Freeman,
R. E. Lee: A Biography,
Vol. IV (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1936), p. 118.
imprisoned before…“my best appearance”: Robert E. Lee, quoted in ibid., p. 118.
terms of surrender…“properly exchanged”: USG to Robert E. Lee, April 9, 1865, quoted in Grant,
Personal Memoirs of U.S. Grant,
p. 581.
“the thought occurred to me”…twenty-five thousand men: Grant,
Personal Memoirs of U.S. Grant,
pp. 581–83.
tried to speak…“tears came into his eyes”: Freeman,
R. E. Lee,
Vol. IV, p. 144.
“Men, we have fought…best I could for you”: Robert E. Lee, quoted in ibid.
“each side of…as ever, General Lee!”: Charles Blackford, quoted in ibid. pp. 146, 147.
“a great boom…laid down its arms”: Brooks,
Washington, D.C., in Lincoln’s Time,
p. 223.
“The nation seems…terminates the Rebellion”: Entry for April 10, 1865,
Welles diary,
Vol. II, p. 278.
several thousand gathered…“people cheered”:
National Intelligencer,
Washington, D.C., April 11, 1865, quoted in
CW,
VIII, p. 393 n1.
planning a speech…“dribble it all out”: AL, “Response to Serenade,”
National Intelligencer
version, April 10, 1865,
CW,
VIII, p. 393.
If he said something…“not to make mistakes”: AL, “Response to Serenade,”
NR
version, April 10, 1865,
CW,
VIII, p. 394.
finally appeared…“waving their handkerchiefs”:
NR,
April 11, 1865.
“I am very greatly…with its performance”: AL, “Response to Serenade,”
National Intelligencer
version, April 10, 1865,
CW,
VIII, p. 393.
“it is good to show the rebels…hear it again”: Chambrun, “Personal Recollections of Mr. Lincoln,”
Scribner’s
(1893), p. 34.
band followed “Dixie”…“in high good-humor”:
Through Five Administrations,
ed. Gerry, p. 62 (quote);
National Intelligencer,
April 11, 1865, in
CW,
VIII, pp. 393–94 n1.