259. Churchill’s racism: Toye, 2010; quotes excerpted in J. Hari, “The two Churchills,”
New York Times
, Aug. 12, 2010.
260. Dumb congressional testimony: Quoted in Courtwright, 1996, pp. 155–56.
261. Literary intellectuals’ contempt for the masses: Carey, 1993.
262. Intellectuals’ support of totalitarianism: Carey, 1993; Glover, 1999; Lilla, 2001; Sowell, 2010; Wolin, 2004.
263. Appalling Eliot: Carey, 1993, p. 85.
264. Intellectuals’ troublemaking: Carey, 1993; Glover, 1999; Lilla, 2001; Sowell, 2010; Wolin, 2004.
265. Smarter people are less violent: Herrnstein & Murray, 1994; Wilson & Herrnstein, 1985; Farrington, 2007, pp. 22–23, 26–27.
266. Superrationality in the Prisoner’s Dilemma: Hofstadter, 1985.
267. Truckers’ IQ and the Prisoner’s Dilemma: Burks et al., 2009.
268. University SATs and the Prisoner’s Dilemma: Jones, 2008.
269. Politicization of social science: Haidt & Graham, 2007; Tetlock, 1994.
270. Political liberals and fairness: Haidt, 2007; Haidt & Graham, 2007.
271. Liberalism and intelligence in the United States: Kanazawa, 2010.
272. Bright children become enlightened adults: Deary, Batty, & Gale, 2008.
273. Smarter people think like economists: Caplan & Miller, 2010.
274. Market economies as a pacifying force: Kant, 1795/1983; Mueller, 1999; Russett & Oneal, 2001; Schneider & Gleditsch, 2010; Wright, 2000 Mueller, 2010b.
275. Zero-sum mindset & ethnic violence: Sowell, 1980, 1996.
276. Kantian Peace: Gleditsch, 2008; Russett, 2008; Russett & Oneal, 2001.
277. Cognitive prerequisites for democracy: Rindermann, 2008.
278. Intellectual abilities and democracy: Rindermann, 2008.
279. Democracy and violence: Gleditsch, 2008; Harff, 2003, 2005; Lacina, 2006; Pate, 2008; Rummel, 1994; Russett, 2008; Russett & Oneal, 2001.
280. Flynn Effect in Kenya and Dominica: Flynn, 2007, p. 144.
281. Education and civil war: Thyne, 2006.
282. Pacifying effect of education: Thyne, 2006, p. 733.
283. Integrative complexity: Suedfeld & Coren, 1992; Tetlock, 1985; Tetlock, Peterson, & Lerner, 1996.
284. Low but significant correlation between IQ and integrative complexity: Suedfeld & Coren, 1992. Correlation of 0.58 among presidents: Simonton, 2006.
285. Integrative complexity and violence: Tetlock, 1985, pp. 1567–68.
286. Integrative complexity and major wars: Suedfeld & Tetlock, 1977.
287. Integrative complexity and Arab-Israeli wars: Suedfeld, Tetlock, & Ramirez, 1977. Integrative complexity and U.S.-Soviet actions: Tetlock, 1985.
288. Teasing apart effects of integrative complexity: Tetlock, 1985; Tetlock et al., 1996.
289. Integrative complexity of American political discourse: Rosenau & Fagen, 1997.
290. Inane 1917 congressman: Quoted in Rosenau & Fagen, 1997, p. 676.
291. Inane 1972 senator: Quoted in Rosenau & Fagen, 1997, p. 677.
292. Sophistication of U.S. presidential debates: Gorton & Diels, 2010.
293. Inhabitant of the breast: Smith, 1759/1976, p. 136.
Chapter 10: On Angels’ Wings
1. Hitler was not an atheist: Murphy, 1999.
2. Nazism and Christianity: Ericksen & Heschel, 1999; Goldhagen, 1996; Heschel, 2008; Steigmann-Gall, 2003; Chirot & McCauley, 2006, p. 144.
3. Common cause between Nazism and the church: Ericksen & Heschel, 1999, p. 11.
4. Marxism and Christianity: Chirot & McCauley, 2006, pp. 142–43; Chirot, 1995.
5. Gifts and amity: Mauss, 1924/1990.
6. Unsexy merchants: Mueller, 1999, 2010b.
7. Only nursing mothers should command nuclear forces: D. Garner, “After atom bomb’s shock, the real horrors began unfolding,”
New York Times
, Jan. 20, 2010.
8. Handbagged: Shultz, 2009.
9. Surplus of men, deficit of peace: Hudson & den Boer, 2002.
10. Sparing bare branches: Hudson & den Boer, 2002, p. 26.
11. Bolus of men: Hudson & den Boer, 2002.
12. Number of young men and odds of war: Fearon & Laitin, 2003; Mesquida & Wiener, 1996.
13.
Sex and War
: Potts, Campbell, & Hayden, 2008.
14. Mixing of peoples fosters humanism: Examples include the findings that countries in which women are more influential have less domestic violence (Archer, 2006a); that people who know gay people are less homophobic (see note 232 to chap. 7); and that American counties along coasts and waterways are more liberal (Haidt & Graham, 2007).
15. Escalator of reason, expanding circle: Both are taken from Singer, 1981/2011.
16. The idea of decline: Herman, 1997.
17. Rational optimists: Bettmann, 1974; Easterbrook, 2003; Goklany, 2007; Kenny, 2011; Ridley, 2010; Robinson, 2009; Wattenberg, 1984.
18. A higher power?: Payne, 2004, p. 29.
19. Evidence of divinity?: Wright, 2000, p. 319. Divinely imparted meaning?: Wright, 2000, p. 320. Cosmic author?: Wright, 2000, p. 334.
20. Moral realism: Nagel, 1970; Railton, 1986; Sayre-McCord, 1988; Shafer-Landau, 2003; Harris, 2010.
21. “hot and forcing violation”:
Henry V,
act 3, scene 3.
22. Hundreds of millions murdered: Rummel, 1994, 1997. “Naked ape”: from Desmond Morris.
23. While this planet has gone cycling on: Charles Darwin,
The Origin of Species
, final sentence.
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