Authors: Tom D. Crouch
10. Ferdinand Ferber, “Que valent les Brevets Wright?”
L’Aérophile
(July 1, 1908).
11. Octave Chanute to Wilbur Wright, March 4, 1902, in
Papers
, vol. 1, p. 223.
12. Octave Chanute to James Means, May 31, 1897, box 24, book 34, p. 366, Octave Chanute Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress.
13.
A.M.
Herring to Octave Chanute, March 17, 1901, and January 5, 1902, in ibid., box 2.
14. Wilbur Wright to Octave Chanute, May 29, 1902, in
Papers
, vol. 1, p. 234.
15. Wilbur Wright to Octave Chanute, June 2, 1902, in ibid., p. 235.
16. Wilbur Wright to Octave Chanute, July 9, 1902, in ibid., p. 238.
17. Katharine Wright to Milton Wright, August 20, 1902, in ibid., p. 244.
18. Octave Chanute to Wilbur Wright, August 26, 1902, in ibid., p. 244.
19. Wilbur Wright to Octave Chanute, September 5, 1902, in ibid., p. 247.
20. Wilbur Wright to Octave Chanute, September 2, 1902, in ibid., p. 246.
21. Wilbur Wright to Octave Chanute, September 21, 1902, in ibid., p. 257.
22. Orville Wright, Diary B, 1902, pp. 22–31, in ibid., p. 260.
23.
Papers
, p. 269, note 3.
24. Orville Wright, Notebook C, October 11, 1902, in ibid., p. 273.
25. S. P. Langley to Octave Chanute, October 17 and October 23, 1902, in ibid., p. 282.
26. Orville Wright to Katharine Wright, October 23, 1902, in ibid., pp. 279–280.
CHAPTER 18
1. See, for example, Wright Cycle Co. to Daimler Manufacturing Co., December 3, 1902, in Marvin W. McFarland, ed.,
The Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright
(New York: McGraw-Hill, 1953, cited hereafter as
Papers
), vol. 1, p. 287.
2. Orville and Wilbur Wright, “The Wright Brothers Aeroplane,”
The Century
(September 1908).
3. Orville Wright, “How We Made the First Flight,”
Flying
(December 1913).
4. Ibid.
5. Charles E. Taylor, “My Story of the Wright Brothers,”
Collier’s
(Dec. 25, 1948), p. 68.
6. Leonard S. Hobbs,
The Wright Brothers Engines and Their Design
(Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1971), is the best source in print on Wright power plant technology.
7. Taylor, “My Story,” p. 68.
8. Ibid.
9. Octave Chanute to Wilbur Wright, December 9, 1902, in
Papers
, vol. 1, p. 290.
10. Wilbur Wright to Octave Chanute, December 11, 1902, in ibid.
11. Rodney K. Worrell, “The Wright Brothers Pioneer Patent,”
American Bar Association Journal
(October 1979), 1514.
12. Ibid.
13. On the career of Baden-Powell, see Alfred Gollin,
No Longer an Island: Britain and the Wright Brothers, 1902–1909
(Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1984), pp. 20–24.
14. Baden-Powell to Octave Chanute, September 22, 1902, Octave Chanute Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress.
15. Octave Chanute to Baden-Powell, October 21, 1902, Chanute Papers, LC.
16. J. Lawrence Pritchard, “The Wright Brothers and the Royal Aeronautical Society: A Survey and a Tribute,”
Royal Aeronautical Society Journal
(December 1953), 766.
17. On Patrick Y. Alexander’s career, see Major C. C. Turner,
Old Flying Days
(New York: Arno Press, 1971), p. 11; see also Gollin,
No Longer an Island
, pp. 22–33.
18. “Memorandum by Wilbur Wright Esq,” February 8, 1907, in Gollin,
No Longer an Island
, p. 29.
19. Octave Chanute to Wilbur Wright, March 7, 1903, in
Papers
, vol. 1, p. 299.
20. Octave Chanute to Wilbur Wright, March 13, 1903, in ibid., p. 301.
21. Octave Chanute to Wilbur Wright, April 4, 1903, in ibid.
22. On the career of Alberto Santos-Dumont, see Peter Wykeham,
Santos-Dumont: A Study in Obsession
(New York: Harcourt, Brace and World, 1962).
23. Quoted in Douglas Botting,
The Giant Airships
(Alexandria, Va.: Time-Life Books, 1980), p. 29.
24. de Rue [Ferdinand Ferber], “Expériences d’Aviation,”
L’Aérophile
(February 1903).
25. See Ernest Archdeacon, “M. Chanute en Paris,”
La Locomotion
(April 11, 1903). 225–227.
26.
L’Aérophile
(April 1903).
27. Archdeacon, “M. Chanute en Paris,” 226.
28. Comte de la Vaulx,
La Triomphe de la Navigation Aérienne
(Paris, 1911), p. 274.
29. Archdeacon, “M. Chanute en Paris,” 226.
30. de La Vaulx,
La Triomphe
, p. 274.
31. Ferber to Archdeacon, April 1903, in Archdeacon, “M. Chanute en Paris,” 226.
CHAPTER 19
1. Orville Wright to George Spratt, June 7, 1903, in Marvin W. McFarland, ed.,
The Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright
(New York: McGraw-Hill, 1953, cited hereafter as
Papers
), vol. 1, p. 313.
2. Octave Chanute to Wilbur Wright, June 30, 1903, in ibid., p. 335.
3. Wilbur Wright to Octave Chanute, July 14, 1903, in ibid., p. 341.
4. Wilbur Wright to Octave Chanute, July 22, 1903, in ibid., p. 345.
5. Octave Chanute to Wilbur Wright, July 23, 1903, in ibid., p. 346.
6. Wilbur Wright to Octave Chanute, July 24, 1903, in ibid.
7. Octave Chanute to Wilbur Wright, July 27, 1903, in ibid., p. 348.
8. Wilbur Wright to Octave Chanute, August 23, 1903, in ibid., p. 350.
9. Wilbur Wright to Octave Chanute, September 19, 1903, in ibid., pp. 354–355.
10. Ibid., vol. 2, Appendix 5, “Aeroplanes and Motors,” p. 1187.
11. S. P. Langley to Octave Chanute, June 1897, Chanute Papers, LC.
12. Wilbur Wright to Octave Chanute, October 13, 1903, in
Papers
vol. 1, p. 364.
13. Orville Wright to Katharine Wright, November 1, 1903, in ibid., p. 375, note 2.
14. Ibid., p. 374.
15. Ibid.
16. Ibid., p. 337, note 1.
17. Orville Wright to Katharine and Milton Wright, November 15, 1903, in ibid., p. 381.
18. Orville Wright, Diary D, November 15, 1903, in ibid., p. 380.
19. For a more complete treatment of the Langley Aerodrome program, see Tom D. Crouch,
A Dream of Wings: Americans and the Airplane, 1875–1905
(New York: W. W. Norton, 1981).
20. Orville Wright to Milton Wright, December 15, 1903, in
Papers
, vol. 1, p. 393.
21. Wilbur Wright to Milton Wright and Katharine Wright, December 14, 1903, in ibid., pp. 392–393.
22. Wilbur Wright to Milton Wright and Katharine Wright, November 23, 1903, in ibid., p. 383.
23. William 0. Saunders, “Then We Quit Laughing,”
Collier’s
(Sept. 17, 1927), 24.
24. William Tate, “With the Wrights at Kitty Hawk,”
The Aeronautical Review
(December 1928), 128–132.
25. Orville Wright to Samuel Acheson, January 22, 1937, in
Papers
, vol. 1, P. 397.
26. Milton Wright, Diary, December 14, 1903, box 8, WSU.
27.
Papers
, plate 71.
28. Ivonette Wright Miller, Unpublished reminiscences, author’s collection.
29. Octave Chanute to Katharine Wright, December 17, 1903, in
Papers
, vol. 1, P. 397.
30. Ivonette Wright Miller, Unpublished reminiscences.
31. Wright Scrapbooks, 1903, Wright Papers, LC.
32. Orville Wright to Katharine Wright, December 23, 1903, in
Papers
, vol. 1, p. 400.
CHAPTER 20
1. Fred C. Kelly, ed.,
Miracle at Kitty Hawk: The Letters of Wilbur and Orville Wright
(New York: Farrar, Straus & Young, 1951), p. 120.
2. John R. McMahon,
The Wright Brothers: Fathers of Flight
(Boston: Little, Brown, 1930), p. 149.
3. Wilbur Wright to Albert Francis Zahm, December 22, 1905, in Marvin W. McFarland, ed.,
The Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright
(New York: McGraw-Hill, 1953, cited hereafter as
Papers
), vol. 1, p. 537.
4. F. Ferber to Octave Chanute, January 27, 1904, Chanute Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (cited hereafter as Chanute Papers, LC).
5. F. Ferber to E. Archdeacon, n.d. [1904], in vol. 1,
Papers
, p. 424, note 1.
6. Victor Tatin, “L’Analyse des Expériences d’Aviation,”
L’Aérophile
(February 1904). The quotations that follow are from the same source.
7. Augustus Moore Herring to the Wright brothers, December 26, 1903, in
Papers
, vol. 1, p. 413, note 2.
8. Octave Chanute to Wilbur Wright, December 27, 1903, in ibid., p. 401; Octave Chanute to Patrick Alexander, January 18, 1904, Chanute Papers, LC.
9. Octave Chanute to Wilbur Wright, January 20, 1903, Chanute Papers, LC.
10. Wilbur Wright to Octave Chanute, January 18, 1904, Chanute Papers, LC.
11. Octave Chanute to Wilbur Wright, January 23, 1910,
Papers
, vol. 1, pp. 980–981.
12. Wilbur Wright to Octave Chanute, June 21, 1904, in Kelly, ed.,
Miracle
, p. 130.
13. William Werthner, “Personal Recollections of the Wrights,”
Aero Club of America Bulletin
(July 1912), vol. 1, 13. See also Orville Wright botany notebook, and William Werthner,
Plant Descriptions and Field Notes, Season of ’87
, both in Wright Collection, series 2, file 3, box 3, WSU.
14. The comment from Huffman appears in an undated Dayton news article (c. 1908), Wright Scrapbooks, 1908, Wright Papers, LC.
15. The comment from Waddell appears in ibid.
16. Wilbur Wright to Octave Chanute, May 27, 1904, in
Papers
, vol. 1, p. 437.
17. Fred C. Kelly,
The Wright Brothers: A Biography Authorized by Orville Wright
(New York: Ballantine Books, 1956), p. 84.
18. Arthur Renstrom,
Wilbur and Orville Wright: A Chronology Commemorating the One Hundredth Anniversary of the Birth of Orville Wright
(Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1975). Renstrom provides a complete checklist of all Wright flights, 1900–14.
19. Wilbur Wright to Octave Chanute, August 8, 1904, in
Papers
, vol. I, pp. 448–449.
20. Kelly,
Wright Brothers
, p. 76.
21. A. I. Root, “Our Homes,”
Gleanings in Bee Culture
, (Jan. 1, 1905), vol. 33, no. 1, 38.
22. Wilbur Wright, Diary E, November 9, 1904, in
Papers
, vol. 1, p. 463.
CHAPTER 21
1. Alfred Gollin,
No Longer an Island: Britain and the Wright Brothers, 1902–1909
(Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1984), pp. 64–65.
2. Halford Mackinder, “The Geographic Pivot of History,”
The Geographical Journal
(April 1904), 441; see Gollin,
No Longer an Island
, for a more complete treatment.
3. L. S. Amery,
My Political Life
(London, 1953), vol. 1, p. 229. See also Gollin,
No Longer an Island
.
4. Percy B. Walker,
Early Aviation at Farnborough, Vol. 2, The First Aeroplanes
(London: Macdonald, 1974), p. 12.
5. Ibid., p. 18.
6. “Wright Brothers’ English Negotiations,” February 8, 1907, in Gollin,
No Longer an Island
, p. 69.
7. Wilbur Wright to Octave Chanute, June 1, 1905, in Fred C. Kelly, ed.,
Miracle at Kitty Hawk: The Letters of Wilbur and Orville Wright
(New York: Farrar, Straus & Young, 1951), p. 42.
8. Wilbur and Orville Wright to J. E. Capper, January 10, 1905, quoted in Walker,
Early Aviation
, pp. 24–25.
9. Wilbur and Orville Wright to R. M. Nevin, January 18, 1905, in Kelly, ed.,
Miracle
, p. 135.
10. G. L. Gillispie to R. M. Nevin, in ibid., p. 137.
11. Wilbur Wright to Octave Chanute, June 1, 1905, in Marvin W. McFarland, ed.,
The Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright
(New York: McGraw-Hill, 1953, cited hereafter as
Papers)
, vol. 1, p. 494.
12. “Fads, Frauds and Follies Cripple Nation’s Finances,”
Brooklyn Eagle
, March 11, 1904; Tom D. Crouch,
A Dream of Wings: Americans and the Airplane, 1875–1905
(New York: W. W. Norton, 1981), offers a more complete discussion of the congressional reaction to the failure of the Langley program.
13. J. E. Capper to G.O.C. Royal Engineers, Aldershot Command, in Walker,
Early Aviation
, p. 26.
14. Ibid.
15. Ibid., p. 30.
16. Wilbur and Orville Wright to H. N. Dumbleton, March 1, 1905, in ibid.
17. R. H. Brade to Wilbur and Orville Wright, May 13, 1905, in ibid., p. 34.
18. Wilbur Wright, Diary F, 1905,
Papers
, vol. 1, p. 501.
19. For a more complete treatment of Montgomery, see Arthur Dunning Spearman,
John Joseph Montgomery: Father of Basic Flying
(Santa Clara, Calif.: University of Santa Clara, 1967).
20. Wilbur Wright to Octave Chanute, August 6, 1905, in
Papers
, vol. 1, p. 504.
21. For the best technical treatment of the 1905 Flyer, see Frederick J. Hooven, “Longitudinal Dynamics of the Wright Brothers Early Flyers: A Study in
Computer Simulation of Flight,” in Howard Wolko, ed.,
The Wright Flyer: An Engineering Perspective
(Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1987).
22. Hildebrandt, “The Wright Brothers’ Flying Machine,”
The American Magazine of Aeronautics
(January 1908), 13–16.
23. Ibid., p. 14.
24. Ibid., p. 15.
25. Quoted in Fred C. Kelly,
The Wright Brothers
(New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1943). pp. 108–109.
26. Kelly,
Wright Brothers
, remains a useful treatment of the Wrights’ relationship with the press.
CHAPTER 22
1. Orville Wright to George Spratt, June 7, 1903, in Marvin W. McFarland, ed.,
The Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright
(New York: McGraw-Hill, 1953, cited hereafter as
Papers)
, vol. 1, p. 313.
2. Octave Chanute to Wilbur Wright, January 23, 1910, in ibid., vol. 2, p. 981.
3. Percy B. Walker,
Early Aviation at Farnborough: Vol. 2 The First Aeroplanes
(London: Macdonald, 1974), p. xv.
4. Wilbur Wright to Octave Chanute, January 29, 1910, in
Papers
, vol. 2, p. 983.
5. Wright Brothers to W. H. Taft, October 9, 1905, in Fred C. Kelly, ed.,
Miracle at Kitty Hawk: The Letters of Wilbur and Orville Wright
(New York: Farrar, Straus & Young, 1951), p. 149.
6. J. C. Bates to Wright Brothers, October 16, 1905, in ibid., p. 149.
7. J. C. Bates to Wright Brothers, October 24, 1905, in ibid., p. 151.
8. Walker,
Early Aviation
, pp. 35–43.
9. H. Foster to Wright Brothers, [?] December 8, 1905, in ibid., p. 42.