[458]
The junior branch, stemming from Robert, died out with Henry, his son, the second Earl of Monmouth, in June 1661.
[459]
ODNB
.
[460]
‘The Count of Feria’s despatch of 14th November 1558’, edited by Simon Adams and Mia Rodriguez-Salgado.
Camden Miscellany
, 28, 1984, p. 331. He also observed that she was a very vain and clever woman and unlikely to be ‘well disposed in matters of religion’, which could be a description of her mother at the same age.
[461]
Loades,
Elizabeth I
, pp. 109-110.
[462]
Feria’s despatch, p. 332.
[463]
Elizabeth I: Collected Works
, p. 58.
[464]
Ibid.
[465]
Susan Doran,
Monarchy and Matrimony; the courtships of Elizabeth I
(1996), p. 8.
[466]
Philip is alleged to have said that in making this proposal, he was sacrificing himself in the cause of his country. Henry Kamen,
Philip II
(1997).
[467]
Doran,
Monarchy and Matrimony
, pp. 73-98, contains a very full description of these negotiations.
[468]
Ibid, pp. 97-8. The Howards were the only element in the English Court who supported the marriage unreservedly.
[469]
D. Loades,
John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland
(1996), p. 123. They allegedly shared Edward’s lessons at the beginning of the reign. They were both fourteen at that time, while he was ten, but it is just about feasible.
[470]
Derek Wilson,
Sweet Robin; a biography of Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester
(1981), pp. 43, 78.
[471]
Caspar Breuner to Ferdinand I. Victor von Klarwill,
Queen Elizabeth and Some Foreigners
(1928), pp. 113-4.
[472]
Conyers Read,
Mr. Secretary Cecil
, pp. 192-3.
[473]
The best analysis of this controversial subject is still Ian Aird’s article of 1956, although Chris Skidmore has recently added his contribution to the debate. Aird, ‘The death of Amy Robsart’,
English Historical Review
, 71, 1956, pp. 69-79.
[474]
Doran,
Monarchy and Matrimony
, pp. 42-45.
[475]
Throgmorton to Chamberlain, October 1560. TNA SP70/19, f.132.
[476]
Wilson,
Sweet Robin
, pp. 252-68.
[477]
Doran,
Monarchy and Matrimony
, p. 45.
[478]
Read,
Mr. Secretary Cecil
, pp. 203-205. De Quadra is the only source for this story, which must be regarded with a certain scepticism.
[479]
W. P. Haugaard, ‘Elizabeth Tudor’s Book of Devotions; a neglected clue to the Queen’s life and character’,
Sixteenth Century Journal
, 12, 1981, pp. 79-105.
[480]
Cal. Span., Elizabeth
, I, pp. 262-4.
[481]
MacCaffrey,
Shaping of the Elizabethan Regime
, pp. 93-7.
[482]
Wilson,
Sweet Robin
, pp. 139-43.
[483]
Ibid, p. 226.
Cal. Span., Elizabeth
, I, p. 431.
[484]
Dudley Papers at Longleat, III, f.61.
[485]
Francois, Duke of Alencon, as he was at that time, had been proposed to Elizabeth by Catherine de Medici, his mother, when the negotiations with his elder brother Henri collapsed in 1571. He became Duke of Anjou when Henri succeeded to the throne as Henri III in 1574. Doran,
Monarchy and Matrimony
, pp. 130- 153.
[486]
Alan Young,
Tudor and Jacobean Tournaments
(1987), p. 153. Roy Strong,
The Cult of Elizabeth
(1977).
[487]
This is a view not shared by Susan Doran, who considers that Elizabeth preferred consensual advice. However, the way in which she played the Earl of Sussex against Dudley, and Cecil against both of them does not suggest that.
[488]
Doran,
Monarchy and Matrimony
, p. 21.
[489]
Conyers Read,
Lord Burghley and Queen Elizabeth
(1965), pp. 256-277.
[490]
Cal. Span. 1580–86
, p. 226.
[491]
All the negotiations suggest that Elizabeth’s requirements would have reduced the Crown Matrimonial to a mere cipher, because in addition to the limitations imposed upon Philip in 1554, there was a need for outward conformity to her Church settlement.
[492]
Conyers Read, ‘Queen Elizabeth’s seizure of Alba’s pay ships’.
[493]
Hughes and Larkin,
Tudor Royal Proclamations
, II, pp. 357-8. Geoffrey Parker,
The Dutch Revolt
(1977).
[494]
L. O. Boynton,
The Elizabethan Militia
(1967).
[495]
D. Loades,
The Fighting Tudors
(2009), pp. 196-204.
[496]
Elizabeth I: Collected Works
, pp. 269-74. Queen Elizabeth to Sir Thomas Heneage, her emissary to the Earl of Leicester, 10 February 1586, enclosing her letter to Dudley, bearing the same date.
[497]
Loades,
Elizabeth I
, p. 177. At his trial in 1572 the Duke of Norfolk tried to impugn the witnesses against him on the grounds that they were men of no substance – by which he meant lineage.
[498]
Wilson,
Sweet Robin
, pp. 278-9.
[499]
Simon Adams,
Leicester and the Court
(2002), pp. 138-41, 143-4, 146-9.
[500]
G. E. Cockayne,
Complete Peerage
.
[501]
ODNB.
[502]
L. B. Smith,
Treason in Tudor England
;
Politics and Paranoia
(1986), p. 200.
[503]
W. Camden,
The History of the Most Renowned Princess Elizabeth, Late Queen of England
, (1688), pp. 623-4.
[504]
W. B. Devereux,
Lives and Letters of the Devereux Earls of Essex, 1540–1646
(1853), I, p. 185.
[505]
Philippa Berry,
Of Chastity and Power
:
Elizabethan Literature and the Unmarried Queen
(1989), pp. 61-83.