The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Art and Artists (237 page)
Read The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Art and Artists Online
Authors: Ian Chilvers
intaglio
.
.
Carving or engraving on a small scale, as for example on a gemstone or seal, in which the design is hollowed into the surface—the opposite of
cameo
, in which the design projects above the surface. In the graphic arts, ‘intaglio printing’ refers to any process of printmaking in which the parts of the plate or block that will take the ink are incised into it rather than raised above it (‘relief printing’).
Etching
is thus a form of intaglio printing (see
PRINT
).
cameo
, in which the design projects above the surface. In the graphic arts, ‘intaglio printing’ refers to any process of printmaking in which the parts of the plate or block that will take the ink are incised into it rather than raised above it (‘relief printing’).
Etching
is thus a form of intaglio printing (see
).
intarsia
.
.
Method of creating a picture or design on a wooden surface (typically a piece of furniture) by inlaying it with differently coloured woods and other materials such as mother-of-pearl and ivory.
International Gothic
.
.
Style in painting, sculpture, and the decorative arts that spread widely over western Europe between
c.
1375 and
c.
1425. The style was characterized by aristocratic elegance and delicate naturalistic detail and was formed by a blending of elements from Italy and northern Europe, a situation encouraged by the cultural rivalry of major courts and the growing frequency with which leading artists travelled between them. Lombardy, Franco-Flemish Burgundy and Bohemia were among the most important centres of the style, major exponents of which included
Gentile
da Fabriano,
Pisanello
, and the
Limburg
Brothers. Elements of the style are present in the work of many of the leading artists of the early
Renaissance
, such as Fra
Angelico
,
Ghiberti
, and
Uccello
. In England, the finest work in the style is the celebrated Wilton Diptych (NG, London), which testifies to how genuinely international the International Gothic style was, for although it is a painting of extraordinary beauty and must be from the hand of an artist of the highest rank, authorities disagree as to whether he was English, French, or Italian. It shows Richard II being presented to the Virgin and Child by John the Baptist, Edward the Confessor, and Edmund, king and martyr (his patron saints), but its purpose and significance are uncertain. It probably dates from late in Richard's reign (heraldic evidence suggests it cannot be earlier than
c.
1395), but some scholars think it is a posthumous memorial.
c.
1375 and
c.
1425. The style was characterized by aristocratic elegance and delicate naturalistic detail and was formed by a blending of elements from Italy and northern Europe, a situation encouraged by the cultural rivalry of major courts and the growing frequency with which leading artists travelled between them. Lombardy, Franco-Flemish Burgundy and Bohemia were among the most important centres of the style, major exponents of which included
Gentile
da Fabriano,
Pisanello
, and the
Limburg
Brothers. Elements of the style are present in the work of many of the leading artists of the early
Renaissance
, such as Fra
Angelico
,
Ghiberti
, and
Uccello
. In England, the finest work in the style is the celebrated Wilton Diptych (NG, London), which testifies to how genuinely international the International Gothic style was, for although it is a painting of extraordinary beauty and must be from the hand of an artist of the highest rank, authorities disagree as to whether he was English, French, or Italian. It shows Richard II being presented to the Virgin and Child by John the Baptist, Edward the Confessor, and Edmund, king and martyr (his patron saints), but its purpose and significance are uncertain. It probably dates from late in Richard's reign (heraldic evidence suggests it cannot be earlier than
c.
1395), but some scholars think it is a posthumous memorial.
Intimisme
.
.
Term applied to a type of intimate domestic
genre
painting, more or less
Impressionist
in technique, that is particularly associated with
Bonnard
and
Vuillard
.
genre
painting, more or less
Impressionist
in technique, that is particularly associated with
Bonnard
and
Vuillard
.
intonaco
.
.
Isenbrandt
.
.
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