Authors: Rollo May
confirmation rituals, 39
consciousness:
biblical depiction of, 27
myth vs., 37
pride and, 232
of Sisyphus, 144-147
unconscious complemented by, 224-225
contraceptives, 195
Coolidge, Calvin, 119,126
Cooper, James Fenimore, 108-109
Copernicus, Nicolaus, 91, 220, 224
Coughlin, Father Charles E., 126
courage:
heroic examples of, 55
of relationship, 205
Courage To Be, The
(Tillich), 33
cowboys, 97-98, 142
creation, mystery of, 31, 298
creative waiting, 205, 207, 208–210, 287-288
creativity:
from devil, 261-263, 273-275, 282-284
Eros-Thanatos conflict and, 76, 77
exile and, 52
memory and, 68
n
, 70–71
negation vs., 274, 275
as painful struggle, 275-277
schizophrenia and, 18, 20
see also
art
Creon, 8o, 81, 82–84
Cuéism, 103
cults, 22-24, 48,101,122,126, 274
cultural decline, 259, 26–262
Culture of Narcissism, The
(Lasch), 112
cultures, Apollonian vs. Faustian, 218-219
Cupid, 77
Cusanos, Nicolaus, 220
Custer, George Armstrong, 95
cynicism, 56, 186
Da Free John, 22
n
daimonic:
artist’s struggle with, 282-283
in
Briar Rose
, 205
Nietzschean sense of, 190
“shadow” concept vs., 27
“Damnable Life and Deserved Death of Doctor John Faustus, The,” 221, 265
Damn Yankees
, 218
Dante Alighieri:
Beatrice figure and, 164
exile of, 52
death addressed by, 39
hell described by, 18
n
literary sources used by, 155
on memory, 70
mid-life reference of, 154
see also Divine Comedy, The
death:
fear of, 105, 294
imminence of, 187-188
love vs., 76-77, 294
mortality and, 293-297
myths connected to, 39, 217, 219
voodoo, 51
n
Death of a Salesman
(Miller), 42-44, 117,137,141
Death of Cod
(Nietzsche), 259
Deborah (case history), 17–21, 46, 51, 98
Declaration of Independence, 236, 254
Decline of the West, The
(Spengler), 217, 218, 260
depression:
in America, 113, 120-123
modern escapes from, 238
n
mythlessness and, 21
desert, 94-95
despair, 133,185–186, 190
development, feminine, 196–199, 200, 201, 203, 206, 207, 212
devil:
contemporary belief in, 21, 270, 272
as creative source, 261–263, 273–275, 282-284
cults of, 274
Enlightenment absence of, 283
God opposed by, 274, 275-277, 284
see also
Lucifer, Mephistopheles; Satan
Devil and Daniel Webster, The
(Benét), 218
Dillinger, John, 100
discovery, age of, 91-93, 288
Discovery of Being, The
(May), 203
disease, creativity derived from, 262-263
Divine Comedy, The
(Dante), 153-167
Beatrice in, 159, 163, 164, 193, 220, 230, 253
Faust legend vs., 219–220, 229–230, 253
Inferno in, 39, 154–155,156, 160-–62
opening line of, 154
Paradiso in, 162, 164
Prologue of, 154–15;
psychotherapeutic process vs., 153, 155–164, 165, 167, 193
Purgatorio in, 162,164, 273
sexual love in, 1;;, 164-16;, 229-230
Virgil’s role in, 153, 156–160, 162, 163-164, 273
writing of, 52
divinity:
magical knowledge vs., 224
rejection of, 222-223
Doctor Faustus
(Mann), 218, 256-266
on Germany, 256, 264–265
Helen of Troy in, 244
Nietzsche and, 258, 259, 260
psychotherapeutic process and, 267
Satan in, 259-263, 267
Doll’s House, A
(Ibsen), 289
Don Giovanni
(Mozart), 218
Dostoevsky, Fyodor, 273
“Dover Beach” (Arnold), 152-153, 154
Dowie, Mark, 103
n
Dow-Jones average, 119
drama, trivialization of, 43, 261
dreams, 38, 61, 251
Dresden, bombing of, 257, 265
drugs, 23,123, 238
n
Dubos, René, 218
Earhart, Amelia, 55
earth, community of, 299–302
earth mother, 291
Easter, 24-25, 50, 166, 236, 255
Eastwood, Clint, 94, 100
Echo,110–111
education, ethics and, 21, 22, 28-29
egocentricity, 69, 177, 190
Einstein, Albert, 11, 25,75–76, 287
Eliot, George, 58-59
Eliot, T. S., 70,138
n
, 162, 208-210
Elmer Gantry
(Lewis), 27
empathy, 157
encounter groups, 101
Enlightenment:
Goethe influenced by, 234, 235, 236
industrial progress and, 235, 254
no devil in, 283
rationalistic goals of, 22
envy, 34
n
, 185–186, 202, 211–212
Erhard, Werner, 103-104
Ericson, Leif, 91
Erikson, Erik, 33, 289
eros, aggression and, 283
Eros, myth of, 39, 76–77,134
EST, 103
E.T
., 18
eternity:
mortality and, 297
mythic character of, 50
ethics:
education in, 21, 22, 28-29
heroic role models and, 54
modem ignorance of, 21–22
see also
morality
Europe:
churches of, 51
historical sense in, 99-100
Eve, 27, 42
evil:
cathartic struggle with, 282-284
good in conflict with, 274, 282-283, 284
goodness born of, 34, 235, 236, 255, 261
national, 264–265, 266
power of, 279
worship of, 274
evolution, frog’s place in, 200–201
exile, 51-52,81
existential crises, 38–40,43
fairy tales, myths vs., 196
see also Briar Rose
Fallaci, Oriana, 97-98
“fantasy,” “phantasy” vs., 65
n
Farrell, Joan, 60
fatalism, 120, 270
fathers, overprotectiveness of, 202, 203
Faust
(Goethe), 234-255
creative impulse manifested in, 76, 247-250
cruelty in, 226, 239, 247, 249
female power in, 164, 242-243, 245-246, 247, 253-255, 287
Marlowe’s
Doctor Faustus
vs., 219 226, 254
Mephistopheles in, 34, 235, 236, 237–243, 245-246, 248, 249–252, 254, 255, 272–273,280
Part One, 236-241
Part Two, 241-255
patriarchal power depicted in, 239, 250
prologue to, 34
psychotherapeutic models found in, 237-238, 240, 243, 245, 267
salvation in, 219, 241, 247, 251-255
sexual equality and, 288
sexual love in, 239-240, 242, 244, 247-248, 252
theme of progress in, 247, 250, 254, 255
writing of, 217, 234, 241, 253, 283
Faust, myth of:
Divine Comedy
vs., 219–220, 229-230, 253
literary versions of, 217–218
nuclear arms and, 218–219
origins of, 220-222
Renaissance thought and, 219–221
see also Doctor Faustus; Faust; Tragical History of the Life and Death of Doctor Faustus
Faustianism:
cultural, 218-219, 269
psychotherapy and, 266-269
Faustus, John, 221
Feder, Lillian, 28
n
, 76, 77
n
, 106
n
femininity, development of, 196–199, 201, 203, 206, 212
Ferenczi, Sandor, 73
films, 18, 26–27, 97
Fink, Mike, 95 Fitzgerald, F. Scott:
alcoholism of, 128, 134, 137
background of, 127–128, 139
loneliness of, 137
self-pity of, 139
see also Great Gatsby, The
Fitzgerald, Robert, 83
n
, 105
n
, 296
n
Flies, The
(Sartre), 40-41
Fliess, Wilhelm, 72, 75
Flying Dutchman, 49
Ford, Henry, 103
forgiveness, divine element of, 254-255
form, beauty as, 228
n
, 242
n
, 244
Fortuna, 118, 119
49ers,46,51
Four Quartets
(Eliot), 162
France, German occupation of, 40, 41
Franklin, Benjamin, 110
Freedman, James O., 57
n
freedom:
individualism and, 123
myth of, 95
responsibility incurred with, 291
Freischutz
(Weber), 258
Freud, Sigmund, 72–77, 251
Adler vs., 69
on aggression, 283
childhood memories assessed by, 65, 74-75
colleagues’ differences with, 69, 289
contemporaries of, 170
cultural importance of, 74
on dreams, 168
n
, 188
n
Eros myth and, 134, 283
evolutionary theory and, 201
n
favorite authors of, 153
on guilt, 83
on instincts, 72
on love-death antagonism, 76-77
Mann’s respect for, 260
n
, 266
on myths, 9,11, 25
on narcissism, 112
Oedipal theory of, 28, 74–75
on
Oedipus Rex
, 78, 79
on pain of reminiscence, 162
on psychotherapist’s experience, 151
on repetition, 97
on resurrection scene in
Gradiva
, 164
self-analysis undertaken by, 73, 74–75
self-expressionism and, 268
on sexual basis of neurosis, 155
on truthfulness in therapy, 163
on wishes vs. actions, 226–227
women patronized by, 289
Frieda, Dr.,
see
Fromm-Reichmann, Frieda
Frisch, Max, 57
frogs, symbolism of, 200–201
Fromm, Erich, 47, 102, 268, 294 Fromm-Reichmann, Frieda (Dr. Frieda), 102
psychoanalytic school of, 47, 102
schizophrenia treated by, 18-19, 20
on therapists’ personal problems, 158
frontier, American, 93-98, 127
fundamentalism, 27, 122, 270
n
fundamentalist preachers, sexual misconduct of, 225
n
Galileo, 91, 220, 224
gambling, 119–120,124,126
Gandhi, Mohandas K. (Mahatma), 58
gangsters, as heroes, 100
Garden of Eden, 196
Genesis, Book of, 27, 142–143, 298
Germany:
collective guilt of, 266
Enlightenment in, 234, 23;, 236
Hitlerism in, 256–258, 264-265
refugees from, 257
Giotto, 227
Giraudoux, Jean, 293
n
, 295
Gnosticism, 270, 275
God:
in Christian trinity, 220
contemporary belief in, 24,121, 270
death of, 207
devil’s opposition of, 274, 275-277, 284
estrangement from, 137–141
trivialization of, 266
God Within, The
(Dubos), 218
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von:
Faust
publication dates and, 217
female relationships of, 243-244
German Enlightenment and, 234, 235, 236
industrialism and, 235, 288
last word of, 255
writing process of, 217, 234, 235, 241, 253, 283
see also Faust
“going steady,” 214
good:
evil as source of, 34, 235, 236, 255, 261
evil in conflict with, 274, 282-283, 284
Good Friday, 50,154,166
grace, Oedipus and, 84-85
Gradiva
(Jensen), 164
Grapes of Wrath, The
(Steinbeck), 276-277, 291-292
Great
Gatsby, The
(Fitzgerald), 125-147
Daisy in, 128,129–130, 132-133, 134–135, 136, 137, 142
Eckleburg sign in, 138-141
existential crises and, 39
Faust legend and, 218
Gatsby’s transformation in, 102, 129, 130
Green Light symbol in, 130–131, 144, 146, 147
helpful stranger in, 117, 129
on inability to care, 133-135
loneliness in, 135-137
Luke Larkin’s Luck
vs., 129
sense of sinfulness in, 129,134,135
story of, 129–130,132-133, 135, 138, 141-144
success theme in, 131-132
“Great Stone Face, The” (Hawthorne), 54
greed, 56
Greek culture:
arête
prized in, 29, 244-245
hubris condemned in, 231
philosophy developed in, 16
Greek myths:
Christian attack on, 24-25
cultural health and, 16
moral education through, 28-29
Olympian conflicts and, 278, 283
Western civilization shaped by, 42
see also specific Greek myths
Green, Hannah, 17-21, 25, 46
greenhouse effect, 40
Green Light, 130–131, 144, 146, 147
Grey Fox, 95
Grieg, Edvard, 178, 182
Grimm brothers, 194
see also Briar Rose
Grinker, Roy, 60
Grunewald, Matthias, 221
Guerber, H. A., 145
n
“guiding fiction” (Adler), 69
guilt:
collective, 84, 264-265, 266
neurotic vs. normal, 87
responsibility vs., 82–84, 87
Guyana, cult suicide in, 23, 274
Habits of the Heart
(Bellah), 110
n
Haggard, H. Rider, 165
Haley, Alex, 30, 47-49
Hamlet
(Shakespeare), 37, 42, 78
n
, 155
happiness, television stereotypes of, 99
n
, 113
“Happy Ending” (Brecht and Weill), 207
Harding, Warren G., 126
Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 54, 282
health, as cultural metaphor, 260–261
Hebrew tradition, myths of, 28, 42
see also
Old Testament;
specific books of Bible
Hegel, Georg W.F., 265
Heidegger, Martin, 134–135, 203
n
, 207-208
Heisenberg, Werner Karl, 25