The Encyclopedia of Essential Oils

THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF
E
SSENTIAL
O
ILS

The Complete Guide to the Use of Aromatic Oils
in Aromatherapy, Herbalism, Health & Well-Being

Julia Lawless
Dedication

To my mother, Kerttu

C
ONTENTS

Preface

How to Use This Book

P
ART
I: A
N
I
NTRODUCTION TO
A
ROMATICS

1. Historical Roots

Natural Plant Origins

Ancient Civilizations

Treasures from the East

Alchemy

The Scientific Revolution

2. Aromatherapy and Herbalism

The Birth of Aromatherapy

Herbal Medicine

Therapeutic Guidelines

Safety Precautions

3. The Body-Actions and Applications

How Essential Oils Work

The Skin

The Circulation, Muscles and Joints

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

The Genito-urinary and Endocrine Systems

The Immune System

The Nervous System

The Mind

4. How to use Essential Oils at Home

Massage

Skin Oils and Lotions

Hot and Cold Compresses

Hair Care

Flower Waters

Baths

Vaporization

Steam Inhalation

Douche

Neat Application

Internal Use

5. Creative Blending

Therapeutic and Aesthetic Properties

Correct Proportions

Synergies

Fragrant Harmony

Personal Perfumes

6. A Guide to Aromatic Materials

Habitat

Chemistry

Methods of Extraction

Natural versus ‘Natural Identical’

P
ART
II: T
HE
O
ILS

A

Ajowan

Allspice

Almond, Bitter

Ambrette Seed

Amyris

Angelica

Anise, Star

Aniseed

Arnica

Asafetida

B

Balm, Lemon

Balsam, Canadian

Balsam, Copaiba

Balsam, Peru

Balsam, Tolu

Basil, Exotic

Basil, French

Bay Laurel

Bay, West Indian

Benzoin

Bergamot

Birch, Sweet

Birch, White

Boldo Leaf

Borneol

Boronia

Broom, Spanish

Buchu

C

Cabreuva

Cade

Cajeput

Calamintha

Calamus

Camphor

Cananga

Caraway

Cardomon

Carrot Seed

Cascarilla Bark

Cassia

Cassie

Cedarwood, Atlas

Cedarwood, Texas

Cedarwood, Virginian

Celery Seed

Chamomile, German

Chamomile, Maroc

Chamomile, Roman

Chervil

Cinnamon

Citronella

Clove

Coriander

Costus

Cubebs

Cumin

Cypress

D

Deertongue

Dill

E

Elecampane

Elemi

Eucalyptus, Blue Gum

Eucalyptus, Lemon-Scented

Eucalyptus, Broad-leaved Peppermint

F

Fennel

Fir Needle, Silver

Frankincense

G

Galangal

Galbanum

Gardenia

Garlic

Geranium

Ginger

Grapefruit

Guaiacwood

H

Helichrysum

Hops

Horseradish

Hyacinth

Hyssop

J

Jaborandi

Jasmine

Juniper

L

Labdanum

Lavandin

Lavender, Spike

Lavender, True

Lemon

Lemongrass

Lime

Linaloe

Linden

Litsea Cubeba

Lovage

M

Mandarin

Marigold

Marjoram, Sweet

Mastic

Melilotus

Mimosa

Mint, Cornmint

Mint, Peppermint

Mint, Spearmint

Mugwort

Mustard

Myrrh

Myrtle

N

Narcissus

Niaouli

Nutmeg

O

Oakmoss

Onion

Opopanax

Orange, Bitter

Orange Blossom

Orange, Sweet

Oregano, Common

Oregano, Spanish

Orris

P

Palmarosa

Parsley

Patchouli

Pennyroyal

Pepper, Black

Petitgrain

Pine, Dwarf

Pine, Longleaf

Pine, Scotch

R

Rose, Cabbage

Rose, Damask

Rosemary

Rosewood

Rue

S

Sage, Clary

Sage, Common

Sage, Spanish

Sandalwood

Santolina

Sassafras

Savine

Savory, Summer

Savory, Winter

Schinus Molle

Snakeroot

Spikenard

Spruce, Hemlock

Styrax, Levant

T

Tagetes

Tansy

Tarragon

Tea Tree

Thuja

Thyme, Common

Tonka

Tuberose

Turmeric

Turpentine

V

Valerian

Vanilla

Verbena, Lemon

Vetiver

Violet

W

Wintergreen

Wormseed

Wormwood

Y

Yarrow

Ylang Ylang

References

Bibliography

Useful Addresses

General Glossary

Therapeutic Index

Botanical Classification

Botanical Index

Acknowledgements

About the Author

Copyright

About the Publisher

P
REFACE

My own interest in essential oils and herbal remedies derives from the maternal side of my family who came from Finland, where home ‘simples’ retained popularity long after they had vanished from most parts of Britain. My Finnish grandmother knew a great deal about herbs and wild plants which she passed on to my mother, as she recalls:

Mama’s most important herb was parsley, which along with dill, marjoram, hops and others, were dried in bunches in the autumn, dangling at the ends of short lengths of cotton, all strung on a long length of thin rope stretching right across the kitchen stove. As scents are very evocative for remembering old things, I remember it so well – the strong and heady smell emanating from these herbs when they were hung up, and the stove was warm.

Later, as a biochemist, my mother became involved with the research of essential oils and plants, and helped inspire in me a fascination for herbs and the use of natural remedies. Without her early enthusiasm and guidance, I’m sure this book would never have been written.

In 1992 the first edition of this book was published in the UK. Since then it has been translated into many languages as well being released in several different formats, including an illustrated edition. With this new edition, I am very glad to have the opportunity to update my original work and add a few words to this preface.

In the twenty-year period since the original publication of
The Encyclopedia of Essential Oils
, the use of essential oils, together with the practice of aromatherapy in the West has undergone a radical transformation. At the beginning of the 1990s, aromatherapy was still considered a fringe practice and the use of essential oils in the home was by no means widespread. However, as scientific trials and clinical research have continued to confirm the potentiality of essential oils, they have become increasingly respected within the medical arena. This has been accompanied by a steady increase of public interest in holistic therapies and a sociological trend towards embracing all things ‘natural’ over the past two decades in Europe and the United States.

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