The Family Jewels (48 page)

6
. David W. Belin,
Final Disclosure: The Full Truth about the Assassination of President Kennedy
(New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1988), 172.

7
. Commission on CIA Activities within the United States (Rockefeller Commission), “Summary of Facts: Investigation of CIA Involvement in Plans to Assassinate Foreign Leaders,” no date (June 5, 1975 [declassified May 24, 2000]), GRFL, GRFP, WHO, Richard Cheney Files, Intelligence Series, box 7, folder “Report on CIA Assassination Plots (1),” p. 86.

8
. Loch K. Johnson,
A Season of Inquiry: The Senate Intelligence Investigation
(Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1985), 48.

9
. CIA, Letter, William E. Colby–President Gerald Ford, October 20, 1975 (declassified May 24, 2000), GRFL, GRFP, WHO, Richard Cheney Files, Intelligence Series, box 7, folder “Report on CIA Assassination Plots (2).”

10
. Ibid., quoted p. 116.

11
. Gerald R. Ford, News Conference, June 9, 1975,
Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents
11, no. 24 (1975): 611.

12
. United States Congress (94th Cong., 1st sess.), Senate, Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities,
Interim Report: Alleged Assassination Plots
Involving Foreign Leaders
(Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1975), 282–283, 289–290.

13
. White House, Executive Order 11905, “United States Foreign Intelligence Activities,” February 18, 1976, Section 5 (g),
Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents
12, no. 8 (February 23, 1976).

14
. White House, Executive Order 12036, “United States Foreign Intelligence Activities,” January 24, 1978, Section 2–305, copy in author's files.

15
. White House, Executive Order 12333, “United States Intelligence Activities,” December 4, 1981, Section 2.11,
Federal Record
, 46 FR 59941, 3FR, 1981 Compilation, pp. 200 et seq.

16
. Dana Priest, “Covert CIA Program Withstands New Furor,”
Washington Post
, December 30, 2005, quoted p. A11.

17
. United States Congress (110th Cong., 1st sess.), Senate Select Committee on Intelligence,
Hearings: Nomination of John A. Rizzo to Be General Counsel of the Central Intelligence Agency
(Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 2008), 19, 21, 32.

18
. Greg Miller, “John Rizzo: The Most Influential Lawyer in CIA History,”
Los Angeles Times
, June 29, 2009, A1.

19
. CIA, George Tenet, “Written Statement for the Record of the Director of Central Intelligence before the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States,” March 24, 2004, 11, copy in author's files.

20
. Tara McKelvey, “Inside the Killing Machine,”
Newsweek
magazine, February 13, 2011,
http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2011/02/13/inside-the-killing-machine.print.html
(accessed November 25, 2012), quoted p. 3.

21
. Ibid., quoted p. 4.

22
. Rizzo nomination hearing, 42.

23
. CIA, Statement to Employees from Acting Director Michael Morell: “Zero Dark Thirty,” December 21, 2012,
https://www.cia.gov/mobile/pr-statements/2012/message-from-the-acting-director-zero-dark-thirty.html
(accessed January 12, 2013).

24
. Richard Cheney Interview, Cable News Network,
State of the Union
, October 2, 2011.

25
. Scott Shane, “CIA Reviewing Its Process for Briefing Congress,”
New York Times
, July 10, 2009, A17; Paul Kane and Ben Pershing, “Secret Program Fuels CIA-Congress Dispute,”
Washington Post
, July 10, 2009, A1; Greg Miller, “Cheney Linked to Secrecy of CIA
Program,”
Los Angeles Times
, July 12, 2009, A1; Associated Press, “Dick Cheney Kept Congress in Dark over CIA Counterterrorism Action,”
The Guardian
, July 12, 2009; Joby Warrick and Ben Pershing, “CIA Had Program to Kill Al Qaeda Leaders,”
Washington Post
, July 14, 2009, A2; David Ignatius, “The CIA's ‘Hit Team' Miss,”
Washington Post
, July 23, 2009, A21.

CHAPTER 7. CLOAKING THE DAGGER

1
. The standard sources on the CIA and media in this conventional sense begin with the seminal series reported by John M. Crewdson and Joseph B. Treaster and written by Crewdson in the
New York Times
in 1977 (“The CIA: Secret Shaper of Public Opinion,” December 25, 26, 27, 1977); and Carl Bernstein's article “The CIA and the Media” (
Rolling Stone
, October 20, 1977). Political scientist and Church Committee staffer Loch K. Johnson provided a more refined view in his paper “The CIA and the Media” (
Intelligence and National Security
1, no. 2 [May 1986]: 143–169). For the CIA's cultural Cold War see Frances Stonor Saunders,
Who Paid the Piper? The CIA and the Cultural Cold War
(London: Granta, 1999 [this book appeared under a different title in a U.S. edition]), and, more recently, Hugh Wilford,
The Mighty Wurlitzer: How the CIA Played America
(Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2008).

2
. Harrison Salisbury,
Without Fear or Favor
(New York: Times Books, 1980), 477–483; as well as Gruson's obituary, Eric Pace, “Sydney Gruson, 81, Correspondent, Editor and Executive for New York Times, Is Dead,”
New York Times
, March 9, 1998, A18. The CIA's documents on the Gruson affair were released in 2003.

3
. James Scott, telephone interview with author, June 29, 2007.

4
. Central Intelligence Agency, Memorandum, John McCone–John F. Kennedy, “Subject: Dr. Bernard B. Fall,” no date (handwritten notation indicates “1962”). This redaction was declassified on April 1, 1976 (Vietnam Center [Texas Tech University], Glenn Helm Collection, box 2, file 21). I believe the document resides in Kennedy's papers as well, but I do not have that citation immediately at hand. A June 21, 1962, note from General Edward Lansdale to Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara notes the “recent” presidential inquiry about Fall (Memo, Edward Lansdale–Robert McNamara, June 21, 1962, declassified June 5, 2000, FOIA 87–0346).

5
. Dorothy Fall,
Bernard Fall: Memories of a Soldier-Scholar
(
Washington, DC: Potomac Books, 2006), 189–202. At the time she wrote, Dorothy Fall remained unaware of the CIA position on her husband or the memo that McCone forwarded to President Kennedy (Prados conversation with Dorothy Fall, April 3, 2008).

6
. PDB for “President's Daily Brief,” the highly classified intelligence report series prepared for presidents' personal information. In actuality, in 1963 this type of report was called the “President's Intelligence Checklist” (PICL), but because the PDB designation was already in use by the time of The Family Jewels and continues to be used today, for purposes of consistency and because this is likely to be familiar to more readers, the designation PDB will be used here throughout.

7
. CIA, John McCone, Memorandum for the Record, November 29, 1963 (declassified April 21, 1998), Lyndon Baines Johnson Library, Lyndon Baines Johnson Papers, National Security File [hereafter cited as LBJL, LBJP, NSF], John McCone Memos Series, box 1, folder “Meetings with the President 23.11.63–27.12.63.”

8
. CIA, John McCone, Memorandum for the Record, December 9, 1963 (declassified August 26, 1999), LBJL, LBJP, NSF, John McCone Memos Series, box 1, folder “Meetings with the President 23.11.63–27.12.63.” The subject was the canceled SAMOS satellite, the leak of which McCone suspected had come from the air force, but this set his top satellite expert and the head of the National Reconnaissance Office to “go into this.”

9
. CIA, John McCone, Memorandum for the Record, January 5, 1964 (declassified March 4, 1998), LBJL, LBJP, NSF, John McCone Memos Series, box 1, folder “Meetings with the President, 4.1.64–24.4.65.”

10
. CIA, John McCone, Memorandum for the Record, April 2, 1964 (declassified October 9, 1999), LBJL, LBJP, NSF, John McCone Memos Series, box 1, folder “Meetings with the President, 4.1.64–24.4.65.”

11
. Salisbury,
Without Fear or Favor
, 515; Grogan's memorandum, which leaked to the newspaper, is quoted on pp. 519–520; the full account is on pp. 514–528.

12
. The account here follows what is probably the most detailed analysis of the
Ramparts
case, that of Angus Mackenzie in
Secrets: The CIA's War at Home
(Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999), 15–25.

13
. John Prados,
Safe for Democracy: The Secret Wars of the CIA
(Chicago: Ivan Dee Publisher, 2006), quoted p. 370.

14
. For details on the National Student Association scandal, see Prados,
Safe for Democracy
, 368–375; Mackenzie,
Secrets
, 19–23; and Richard M. Helms with William Hood,
A Look over My Shoulder: A Life in the CIA
(New York: Random House, 2003), 343–350.

15
. Wilford,
The Mighty Wurlitzer
, 143.

16
. CIA, Briefing Paper, “CIA and Illicit Drugs,” July 19, 1972, reprinted, U.S. Congress (95th Cong., 1st and 2nd sess.), House of Representatives, Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence,
Hearings: The CIA and the Media
(Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1978), 347.

17
. David Wise and Thomas B. Ross,
The Invisible Government
(New York: Random House, 1964).

18
. United States Congress (95th Cong., 2nd sess.), Select Committee on Assassinations,
Hearings, v. IV
(Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1979), 23.

19
. David Binder, “Measuring the Years in Terms of CIA Directors,”
New York Times
, August 10, 1988, 12.

20
. CIA, John McCone, Memorandum for the Record, May 20, 1964 (declassified August 26, 1999), LBJL, LBJP, NSF, John McCone Memoranda Series, box 1, folder “Meetings with the President 3.4.64–20.5.64.” McCone's session with Wise and Ross took place on May 15, 1964.

21
. Joseph Burkholder Smith,
Portrait of a Cold Warrior
(New York: Ballantine Books, 1981), 425.

22
. Haynes Johnson,
The Bay of Pigs: The Leaders' Story of Brigade 2506
(New York: W. W. Norton, 1964). See also John Prados,
William Colby and the CIA: The Secret Wars of a Controversial Spymaster
(Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2009), 242. This book was published in hardcover by Oxford University Press in 2003.

23
. Mark Lane,
Rush to Judgment: A Critique of the Warren Commission's Inquiry into the Assassination of President John F. Kennedy, Officer J. D. Tippet, and Lee Harvey Oswald
(New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1966).

24
. William Manchester,
Death of a President: November 20–November 25, 1963
(New York: Harper & Row, 1967). The book's publication date was New Year's Day.

25
. Alfred W. McCoy, with Cathleen B. Read and Leonard P. Adams
II,
The Politics of Heroin in Southeast Asia
(New York: Random House, 1972).

26
. Alfred W. McCoy, telephone interview with author, March 12, 2008.

27
. John Prados,
William Colby and the CIA
, 244–245. Alfred W. McCoy, telephone interview with author, October 25, 2007. The McCoy ploy goes curiously unrecorded in Cord Meyer's own memoir,
Facing Reality: From World Federalism to the CIA
(New York: Harper & Row, 1980).

28
. Edward G. Lansdale,
In the Midst of Wars: An American's Mission to Southeast Asia
(New York: Harper & Row, 1972). Lansdale's final text focused almost entirely on his help to South Vietnamese leader Ngo Dinh Diem during 1954–1955, but even there passed over lightly the clandestine missions into North Vietnam for which he was responsible, and most directly, major features of the CIA's role in the 1955 Saigon infighting through which Diem consolidated his power.

29
. Author interview with Michael Getler, October 20, 2010.

30
. Jack Anderson with George Clifford,
The Anderson Papers
(New York: Random House, 1973).

31
. Jack Anderson with Daryl Gibson,
Peace, War, and Politics: An Eyewitness Account
(New York: Tom Doherty Associates, 1999), 233–241, quoted p. 241.

32
. Bob Thompson, “The Hersh Alternative,”
Washington Post Magazine
, January 28, 2001, quoted p. 13.

33
. CIA, Memorandum, Director of Central Intelligence–Deputy Director for Intelligence, May 11, 1983 (declassified August 5, 2008), National Archives and Records Administration, CIA CREST series, job no. RDP88B0443R001404050075-8.

34
. Richard Aldrich, “Tad Szulc and the CIA,” paper presented at the conference of the Society of Historians of American Foreign Relations, Washington, DC, June 24, 2011.

35
. Tad Szulc testimony, House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence,
The CIA and the Media
, 103.

36
. For example, in May 1976 the Russian weekly journal
Literaturnaya Gazeta
, accurately or not, named journalists Christopher S. Wren (
New York Times
), George Krimsky (Associated Press), and Alfred Friendly, Jr. (
Newsweek
) as CIA assets (United Press International, “Paper in Moscow Links 3 U.S. Correspondents to the C.I.A.,”
New York Times
, May 26, 1976). All the news organizations involved denied the charge. Regardless of the accuracy of Soviet claims,
however, there can be little doubt that American journalists in Moscow did talk to the CIA.