The Holocaust (144 page)

Read The Holocaust Online

Authors: Martin Gilbert

British army: soldiers from, enter Belsen (1945),
1

Brno: Jews deported from,
1
; Jewesses receive medical help from,
2

Broad, SS Corporal Pery: his account of a massacre (1942),
1

Brodnica: Jewish women murdered at (1945),
1

Brodskiy, I.: escapes, later killed in action,
1

Brody: Jewish partisans near, destroyed,
1
; deportation and resistance at,
2
; Jewish Fighting Organization in,
3
n.
4

Brome, Vincent: told of fate of seven Jews at Mauthausen,
1

Brona, leek: dies (1941),
1

Bronstein (a carpenter): and a labour camp revolt,
1

Bronsztejn, Helen: ‘They won’t do it to
us
’,
1

Brooklyn: a message to (1941),
1

Broyde, Berl: killed (1943),
1

Brudzew: Jews from, sent to their deaths (1941),
1
,
2
n. 2

Brunner, Alois: kills a Jew (1942),
1

Brünnlitz: Jews sent to forced labour at,
1
; Jews deported from Plaszow, find safety at,
2
; an act of rescue at,
3

Bruskin, Pawel: killed (1943),
1

Brussels: Jews find haven in (1939),
1
; German forces enter (1940),
2

Brzesc Kujawski: and a deception during a deportation (1942),
1

Brzezie: Jewish girls find refuge in,
1

Brzeziny: a deportation from (1942),
1
; belongings of Jews from, reach Lodz,
2

Brzuchowice: a Jew in,
1

Buber, Marceli: killed (1943),
1

Bubes, Hirsz: murdered after the Germans have left (1944),
1

Bucharest: riots in (1936),
1
; and the Iron Guard (1940),
2

Buchau: Jews murdered at (1945),
1

Buchenwald (concentration camp): established (1938),
1
; Jews murdered at (1938),
2
; Jews deported to (1941),
3
; Jews from, gassed (1941),
4
; a deportation to Auschwitz from (1942),
5
; a deportation from Auschwitz to a factory near (1944),
6
; a death march to,
7
; evacuations to (1945),
8
,
9
; a death march from,
10
; survivors from, murdered after liberation,
11

Bucher, Flora: not to leave Germany,
1

Buchman, Avraham: recalls a death march (1940),
1

Buczacz: mass murder in (1941),
1
; a deportation from (1943),
2
; a round-up near (1944),
3

Budapest: anti-Jewish Law in (1939),
1
; fate of Jews from,
2
; Jews deported to Kamenets Podolsk from, and killed (1941),
3
; German measures against Jews in (1944),
4
,
5
; Jews protected in,
6
,
7
; Fascists seize power in (October 1944),
8
; a Jewess executed in (November 1944),
9
; Fascist terror in (November 1944–January 1945),
10
,
11

Budnik, David: escapes, later gives evidence,
1

Budy (near Auschwitz): a massacre at (1942),
1

Budzyn: labour camp at,
1
; a deportation from,
2

Buffum, David H.: a witness (1938),
1

Bug, River:
1
,
2
,
3
; Jews driven to (1939),
4
; forced labour camps at (1941),
5
; the German border at (1939),
6
; a labour camp near,
7
; death camps near (1942),
8
,
9
,
10
; killings east of (1942),
11
; a labour camp on,
12
; a Pole flees across,
13
; Jews helped at (1943),
14
; Jews join Soviet partisans near,
15

Bugaj: murder of Jews from (1942),
1
,
2
,
3

Buhler, Dr Joseph: would ‘welcome the start of the final solution’ (1942),
1

Bulgaria: Jews reach safety of (1940),
1
; and the ‘final solution’,
2
,
3
; and the deportation of Jews from Macedonia and Thrace (1943),
4
; Jews of, not to be deported,
5
,
6
; a protest to,
7
; and a German propaganda proposal,
8

Bulgaria, King of: intervenes to protect Jews (1943),
1

Buna works (at Monowitz):
1
,
2

Bureau IV-D-4: established (30 January 1940),
1
; and the eastern killings (1941),
2
; and the gassing of Jews (1941),
3
; and deportations from the Reich to the East (1942),
4
; the final deportation of (April 1945),
5

Burgenland: Jews driven from (1938),
1

Burger, Max: recalls deportation (1939),
1

Bursztyn, Israel: shot (1941),
1

Burzec: Jews in hiding near, denounced,
1

Busse, Otto (a German): helps Jews,
1

Butrimonys: mass murder at (1941),
1

Butrin, Adam: saves three Jews,
1

Buzhminski, Isidore: killed (1942),
1

Buzhminski, Josef: and his brother’s death,
1
; eye-witness to a deportation,
2
; eye-witness to a killing,
3

Bydgoszcz: fate of a Jew from (1942),
1

Byelorussia:
see index entry for
White Russia

Bystrzyca: all Jews shot at (1942),
1

Byten: mass murder at (1942),
1

Cabili, Salvator: eight months old, deported and killed (1942),
1

Cahn, Ernst: his alleged ‘resistance’ (1941),
1
; shot,
2

Calo, Elena: aged six, deported to Auschwitz,
1

Calonder, Felix: and the Jews of Upper Silesia,
1

Campbell, Sir Ronald: protests (1940),
1
,
2
n.
3

Canada:
1
,
2

‘Canada’: at Auschwitz-Birkenau,
1
,
2

Canea: Jews seized in, and killed (1944),
1
n.
2

Cannibalism: evidence of, at Belsen,
1
; recalled, at Mauthausen,
2

Canterbury, Archbishop of: and a protest meeting (1942),
1

Cap Arcona:
fate of Jews on (1945),
1

Carlebach, Ezriel: and his uncle,
1
n.
2

Carlebach, Chief Rabbi Joseph: deported to Riga (1941),
1
; murdered (1942),
2

Carlsbad: and Warsaw (in 1940),
1

Carvell, J. E. M.: issues Palestine Certificates (1937),
1

Casablanca: conference at (1943),
1

Caspari, Professor Wilhelm: dies (1944),
1

Castres: Jews in liberation of,
1

Caucasus, the: German army reaches,
1
,
2

Cavendish-Bentinck, Victor: reports on killing of Jews in Poland after liberation (1946),
1

Cavilio, Josef: his family helped by a Muslim,
1

Central Office of Emigration (Berlin):
1

Central Office for Jewish Resettlement (1939),
1

Cervenka: six hundred Jews shot at (1944),
1

Chajet, Ruth: and the final evacuation from Riga (August 1944),
1

Chalef, Chaim: a partisan,
1

Chamberlain, Houston Stewart: and the concept of ‘Semitic’ races,
1

Chamberlain, Neville: allows Jewish children to enter Britain (1938),
1
; on the motives of German persecution (1939),
2

Chambon-sur-Lignon, Le: Jews hidden in,
1

Chameides, Rabbi: given sanctuary,
1

Channel Islands: a labour camp on,
1
,
2

Chanukkah (Jewish festival): Jews shot during (1941),
1
; celebrated at Monowitz (1944),
2

Chaplinka: three Jewish families shot in (1942),
1

Charin, Dr Julian: betrayed, and shot (1943),
1

Charnoleskaya, Dr: commits suicide, with others (1943),
1

Chelm: deportation from (1939),
1
; Sobibor death camp near (1942),
2
; Jews deported to Belzec from (1942),
3
; an execution in (28 May 1942),
4
; to be linked by rail with Sobibor,
5
; a deportation from Paris to,
6
; reinforcements from, against a revolt,
7
; bodies dug up near,
8

Chelmek: a labour camp at,
1

Chelmno (Kulmhof): gassing of Jews at,
1
,
2
,
3
,
4
,
5
,
6
,
7
,
8
; gassing of gypsies at,
9
; an eye-witness to mass murder at (6 January 1942),
10
; gassings continued at (1942),
11
,
12
,
13
,
14
,
15
; news of, reaches Warsaw,
16
; renewed deportations to, from Lodz (4 May 1942),
17
; a report of, reaches Warsaw (1 June 1942),
18
; defects of gas-vans at ‘a solitary case’,
19
; renewed deportations to,
20
,
21
,
22
; death toll in,
23
; and complaints concerning clothing from,
24
; renewed deportations from Lodz to (June-July 1944),
25
,
26
; revolt at (January 1945),
27
; a Jew who escaped deportation to, murdered after liberation,
28

Chernigov: two Jews killed east of (1941),
1

Chernis, Dr: in Minsk,
1

Chernov, Sergeant Major V. D.: his ‘courage’ (1942),
1

Chicago: swastika flags burnt in (1938),
1

Chief Rabbi’s Emergency Council (Poland): a car from, attacked (1946),
1

Chigier, Jacob: killed (1943),
1

Chigier, Jerzy: hidden, with his family, in the sewers of Lvov,
1

Chile:
1
,
2

Chlebowski, Israel: gassed (1942),
1

Chlodna Street (Warsaw): an incident on,
1

Chmura, Mordecai: ‘a proud Jew’, and his death (1942),
1

Cholawski, Shalom: his recollections,
1
; and the Nieswiez ghetto revolt (July 1942),
2
,
3
; and the ‘day of liberation’ (in 1944),
4
; returns to his home town,
5

Chorazycki, Dr Julian: tries to organize revolt at Treblinka,
1
; killed (1943),
2
; continued preparations for revolt after the death of,
3

Chorbrzany: ‘Those damned Jews’,
1
; the fate of Jews being deported through,
2

Chorostkow: mass murder at (1941),
1

Choroszcza: two Jews attacked on their return to, after liberation,
1

Christian, Private: witnesses mass murder (1942),
1

Christianity: no protection on the way to Chelmno,
1

Christmas: Jews beaten up on (1940),
1
; in the Lodz ghetto (1941),
2
; seven Jews must die by (1943),
3
; and an escape from Kovno (1943),
4
; and an escape from Borki (1943),
5
; and Birkenau (1943),
6

Chrzastowski, Getzel: at Chelmno,
1
,
2
,
3
,
4

Churchill, Randolph: and a scheme to help Jews,
1

Churchill, Winston: warns of ‘some hideous catastrophe’ (1937),
1
; tells of ‘methodical, merciless butchery’ (1941),
2
; and the Jewish ‘will to resist’,
3
; and ‘the most bestial’ of offences (1942),
4
; and ‘these vile crimes’ (1942),
5
; at Casablanca (1943),
6
; circulates photographs of mass murder (1945),
7

Ciechanow: Jews deported from,
1

Ciechanowiec: Jews from, recaptured,
1

Cifea, Tibor: shot (1944),
1

Cipper, Polka: whipped (1942),
1

Clark, General Mark: and Algerian resistance,
1

Clauberg, Professor: and medical experiments,
1
,
2
,
3
,
4
,
5

Cleve:
1

Cluj: recollections of a girl from, at Auschwitz,
1
; on a death march,
2

Coblenz: Jews deported from region of (1942),
1

Cohn, Benno: recalls Berlin (1933),
1
,
2
; recalls a friend of the Jews (1938),
3

Cohn, Haim: and his uncle,
1
n.
2

Cohn, Marianne: executed (1944),
1

Cologne:
1
,
2
; deportations from (1941),
3
,
4
n.
5
; Jews from, in Lodz, deported to Chelmno,
6
; bombed, with psychological repercussions in Warsaw,
7