The Holocaust (151 page)

Authors: Martin Gilbert

Jewish Fighting Organization: established (in Warsaw),
1
,
2
; and the killing of Jewish policemen,
3
; in Bialystok,
4
,
5
; near Rzeszow,
6
; in Cracow,
7
,
8
; in Czestochowa,
9
,
10
; and the Warsaw ghetto uprising,
11
,
12
; a founder of, shot,
13
; in Bedzin,
14
; in Kovno,
15
; in Warsaw after the ghetto uprising,
16
; and the Polish uprising in Warsaw (August 1944),
17

Jewish Labour Federation (Palestine): and the rescue of Greek Jews,
1

‘Jewish Nation in Poland’, the: once glorious,
1
; destroyed for ever,
2

Jewish New Year (
Rosh Hashana):
Jews attacked during (1931),
1
; Jews shot during (1939),
2
; Warsaw ghetto established on (1940),
3
; a deportation from Warsaw on (1942),
4
; Jews escape from Denmark on (1943),
5
; at Auschwitz-Birkenau (1944),
6

Jewish Police: in Warsaw,
1
,
2
,
3
,
4
,
5
,
6
,
7
,
8
; in Minsk, their commander co-operates with resistance groups,
9
; in Baranowicze, murdered,
10
; shot, in Warsaw,
11
,
12
; at Szczebrzeszyn,
13
; in Oszmiana (‘rescue what you can’),
14
; at Lomza,
15
; at Rohatyn,
16
; in Lodz,
17
; in Vilna,
18
; in Kovno,
19
,
20

Jewish Sabbath: anti-Jewish indignities during (1938),
1
; at Chelmno death camp (1942),
2
; in Warsaw (1942),
3
,
4
; in Birkenau (1943),
5
; in Koldyczewo camp (1943),
6
; and the death of Jews after liberation (1945),
7

Jewish Scout Movement: and resistance in France,
1

Jewish Self Defence: in Poland (1936),
1

‘Jews not wanted’ placards:
1
,
2

Joachimsman, Ruth: a survivor, murdered after liberation,
1

Jody: mass murder at (1941),
1
n.
2

Joffe, Chaim: joins partisans,
1

Johst, Hans: an enemy of ‘culture’,
1

Joint Boycott Council:
1

‘Joker’, the: and the news of Hitler’s death,
1

Jolles, Rose: act of defiance by,
1

Jordan, SS Captain: his promise of work and life,
1

Jozefek, Kazimierz: hanged for helping Jews (1944),
1

Jozefow: labour camp at,
1

Jozio (from Lvov): no hope of seeing again,
1

Judenzug
(‘Jew train’): returns empty,
1

Jungsztajn, Zeev: recalls a bombardment,
1

Jup (a Kapo): at Auschwitz,
1

Jurezkaya, Niuta: executed (1943),
1

Justman, Reginka: shot (1942),
1

K., Moniek: killed (1943),
1

Kacyzne, Alter: beaten to death (1941),
1

Kacza Street (Warsaw): and the uprising,
1

Kaczerginski, Shmerl: learns of a massacre,
1
; hears about the Warsaw uprising,
2
; hears a poem about resistance,
3

Kaczmarski, Stefan: killed for hiding Jews (1943),
1

Kadomskiy, Leonid: escapes, later killed in action,
1

Kafka, Franz: his friend commits suicide (1940),
1

Kagan, Dvora: killed (1943),
1

Kagan, Idel: an eye-witness of events in Nowogrodek,
1
,
2
,
3
,
4
; and an escape bid,
5

Kagan, Moshe: sent in the direction of ‘life’,
1

Kagan, Nehama: killed (1943),
1

Kagan, Raja: recalls incidents of an escape from Auschwitz,
1

Kagan, Rakhil: helps revolt,
1

Kagan, Yankel: killed (1941),
1

Kahana-Shapira, Rabbi Avrohom: ‘to save as many as can be saved’,
1

Kahane, Rabbi David: given sanctuary,
1

Kahane, Dr Seweryn: killed, after liberation,
1

Kahn, Artur: killed in Dachau (1933),
1

Kahn, Erwin: killed in Dachau (1933),
1

Kaiserwald camp (Riga): final deportation from,
1

Kakol, Jan: shelters a Jewish child,
1

Kalarash (Calarasi): and a death train (1941),
1
,
2

Kaldo, Rosa: commits suicide (1942),
1

Kalenczuk, Fiodor: gives Jews refuge,
1

Kalisz: a Jewess escapes from (1939),
1
; Jewish women slave labourers near (1940),
2
; Jews murdered by gas near (October 1941),
3

Kallman, Frans Olof: aged twenty-two months, gassed at Auschwitz (1943),
1

Kallmeyer (a chemist): and poison gas,
1

Kalmanovitch, Zelig: the price of life commented on by,
1

Kaltenbrunner, Ernst: and a propaganda proposal,
1

Kaluszyn: a deportation from,
1

Kamen Koszyrski: first victims in (1941),
1

Kamenets Podolsk: mass murder at (1941),
1

Kamienna Gora: a death march to, recalled,
1

Kaminski Brigade: soldiers of, kill Jews (1944),
1

Kaminsky, Suzanne: a tiny baby, deported,
1

Kamionka: mass murder at (1941),
1
,
2
n.
3

Kampinos forest: punishment camp in (1941),
1

Kanal, Yisrael: his act of revenge,
1

Kantor, Alfred: deported from Auschwitz to a labour camp (1944),
1
; and a hanging (1945),
2
; and the end of a death train,
3

Kaplan, Dr: his daughter’s death (1943),
1

Kaplan, Chaim: his recording of the fate of Warsaw Jewry,
1
,
2
,
3
,
4
,
5
,
6
,
7
,
8
; and the establishment of the Warsaw ghetto,
9
,
10
,
11
,
12
; and the fate of Lodz Jewry,
13
; and news reaching Warsaw,
14
,
15
; and forced labour (1940),
16
,
17
; and the Pruszkow deportees (1941),
18
; and the ‘final victim’,
19
; and the Chanukkah killings (1941),
20
; and news of killings at ‘some unknown place’ near Lublin (1942),
21
; and a ‘calamity’ in Warsaw (
22
April 1942),
23
; and three ‘candidates for death’,
24
; deported to Treblinka,
25
; and the fate of those ‘expelled’ from Warsaw,
26
; and those who ‘escaped from the trap’,
27

Kaplan, Joseph: shot (1942),
1

Kaplan, Yosef: and plans for resistance, Kaplanas, Zahar: saved by a non-Jew,
1

Kapler, Jacob: and a mass escape,
1

Kaplinsky, Hirsh: forms a partisan unit, but killed in action (1942),
1

Karasick, Abraham: recalls death of Yitzhak Maimed (1943),
1
; and the Bialystok ghetto revolt,
2
,
3
; and an act of defiance in Bialystok (1944),
4

Karczew: Jews murdered at,
1

Karelicze: fate of Jews from,
1

Karmelicka Street (Warsaw): Jews beaten up on (1940),
1
; a Jew killed on (1942),
2
; a deportation reaches (1942),
3

Karp, Israel: shot for resistance (1940),
1

Karrer, Lukos: saves Jews,
1

Karstatt, Eliezer: witnesses a deportation to Sobibor,
1

Kartun, Berl: killed (1943),
1

Kasche, Siegfried: and the Jews until Italian military occupation,
1

Kasprzykowski, Ignacy: saves Jews,
1
n.
2

Kastner, Rudolf: questions Eichmann’s deputy,
1
; Eichmann’s warnings to,
2
,752

Katowice: fate of a rabbi from,
1

Katz, Aron: killed (1943),
1

Katz, Edita: a partisan commander, killed in action (1944),
1

Katz, Hillel: shot (1943),
1

Katz, Jacob: saves fellow Jews,
1

Katz, Josef: eye-witness to a deportation,
1

Katz, Manuel: deported (1942),
1

Katz, Rozalia: dies, after liberation (1945),
1

Katz, Dr Theo: killed (1933),
1

Katzmann, SS General: and Jewish attempts to avoid deportation,
1

Katznelson, Benjamin: murdered (1943),
1

Katznelson, Bension: murdered (1943),
1

Katznelson, Yitzhak: attends a play,
1
; told of an incident during a deportation,
2
; his relatives deported,
3
; ‘The Jews are shooting!’,
4
; his song, and his death,
5
; ‘Sing a hymn to the hero’,
6

Kaufman, Aron: shot (1939),
1

Kaye, Sala: recalls Day of Atonement in Auschwitz,
1

Kazinets, Isai (Joshua) Pavlovich: leads partisans in Minsk,
1

Kecskemet: arrival of postcards at,
1

Kedainiai: mass murder at (1941),
1

Keiler, Maria: ‘she simply walked away’,
1

Keilis camp: Jews smuggled out of,
1

Keitel, General (later Field Marshal): and the need for ‘ruthless measures’ against Jews (12 September 1941),
1

Kelme: ‘sanctification of the name of God’ by martyrdom at (1941),
1

Kem, Jeszyk: his family remain outside the ghetto,
1
; deported,
2

Kempner, Vitka: and the flight of Jews from Poland (1939),
1
; and resistance near Vilna (1943),
2
,
3
; and ‘the last Jew in the world’,
4

Kenigswein: commands a ‘battle unit’ in the Polish Warsaw uprising,
1

Kerch: mass murder at (1941),
1

Kfar Maccabia: re-union of twins at (1984),
1
n.
2

Kharash, Leonid: escapes, later killed in action,
1

Khazanovich, S. M.: leads a Jewish partisan group (1942),
1

Kherson: mass murder at (1941),
1
; executions in (1942),
2

Khmelnik: killing of Jews at (1941),
1
; (in 1942),
2
,
3
; (in 1943).
4

Kibel, Raizl: helps a revolt,
1
; recalls a death march,
2

Kidash (an SS man): kills a baby (1942),
1

Kiddush Ha-Shem
(‘sanctification of the Name of God’ by martyrdom): at Kelme (1941),
1
; in Wlodawa (1942),
2
; in Piotrkow,
3
; a ruling on (1943),
4
; Ringelblum prefers to go ‘the way of’ (1944),
5

Kiel: death of a Jew in (1933),
1

Kielce: indignities against Jews of (1939),
1
; labour camps in region of,
2
; and the news of the fall of France (1940),
122; Jews deported to (1941),
3
,
4
; Jews deported to Treblinka from (1942),
5
,
6
,
7
; forty-two Jews murdered in, after liberation (4 July 1946),
8

Kiemieliszki: all Jews shot at (1942),
1

Kiev: German advance towards (1941),
1
; Germans occupy,
2
; fate of the Jews at (September 1941),
3
; mass murder south of (1941),
4
; fate of a Jew born in (1943),
5
; a Jewish Major’s journey from (1944),
6
; liberated,
7