The Holocaust (162 page)

Authors: Martin Gilbert

Theresienstadt: ghetto established at (24 November 1941),
1
; Jews deported to Riga from (1942),
2
,
3
; Jews from, deported to Belzec (1942),
4
,
5
,
6
; deported to Sobibor (1942),
7
,
8
; deported to Treblinka (1942),
9
; name of, used in a deception,
10
; Jews from, forced to bury the dead of Lidice,
11
; further deportations from (1942),
12
,
13
,
14
,
15
,
16
,
17
,
18
,
19
,
20
,
21
; postcards from,
22
; death of Herzl’s daughter at (1943),
23
; children from Bialystok sent to,
24
; some Danish Jews deported to,
25
; children from Bialystok sent to Auschwitz from,
26
; and a scheme to avert deportation from,
27
; and the fate of the ‘Czech Family Camp’ from, at Birkenau,
28
; and the fate of the Elder of the Ghetto (at Auschwitz),
29
; fate of Jews from, at Maly Trostenets (1944),
30
; and a deception,
31
; and another ‘selection’ of Jews from, at Auschwitz,
32
; fate of survivors from, near Vienna (1945),
33
; Jews evacuated to,
34
; Eichmann visits,
35
; the last deportation to,
36
; negotiated release of Danish Jews from,
37
; a death march to,
38
; SS men flee from,
39
; a Jew liberated from, tries to return to his home town,
40
; a young Jew liberated from, searches for memories,
41
; a survivor of, and ‘the lot of the Jews’,
42

Thielbeck:
fate of Jews on (1945),
1

Thilo, Heinz: and the ‘anus of the world’,
1

Thomanek (camp commandant): and the final ‘action’ at Czortkow,
1

Thrace: deportation from,
1
,
2

Thumann, SS Lieutenant Anton: at Majdanek,
1

Tiefstack: fate of Jewish women at (1945),
1

Timisoara: Jews attacked (1936),
1

Timkowicze: a Jewess escapes from, with her son,
1

Titel: murder of Jews at (1942),
1

Tlomackie street synagogue, Warsaw: (on 1 September 1939),
1

Tlumacz: Jews deported to Belzec from (1941),
1

Toebbens, Walter: evacuates his employees,
1
; fails to protect his employees,
2

Tokele (a four-year-old orphan): murdered after liberation (1945),
1

Tokyo:
1
,
2
n. 2

Tomaszow Mazowiecki: underground links with,
1
; Jews deported to Treblinka from,
2

Topaz, Pinkus: shot (1940),
1

Topczewo: a Jew betrayed in,
1

Topocostok, Shmuel: shot (1939),
1

Topolcany: fate of the Jews of (1944),
1

Topolya: Jews deported from (1944),
1

Torgau: Allied forces meet at (1945),
1

Torun: Jewish women murdered at (1945),
1

Toszka (at Auschwitz): helps a revolt,
1
; arrested,
2
; hanged (1944),
3

Toulouse: a Jew shot in (1943),
1
; Jewish resistance in region of,
2

Toulouse, Archbishop of: his protest,
1

Transnistria: deportation to death camps from (1942),
1
; the survivors in, to be saved (1943),
2

Transylvania: annexed by Hungary,
1
; punishment of a boy from, at Auschwitz,
2

Trawniki: labour camp at,
1
,
2
,
3
,
4
; Emanuel Ringelblum smuggled out
of,
5
; the ‘Harvest Festival’ massacre at,
6
; a history of, prepared in hiding,
7

Trczinski (a Pole): gives a grenade to a Jew,
1

Trebacz, Maurycy: dies (1941),
1

Treblinka:
1
; a labour camp at,
2
; a death camp being prepared at (1942),
3
,
4
,
5
,
6
; and ‘Operation Reinhard’,
7
; the Jews of Warsaw deported to, and gassed (1942),
8
,
9
,
10
,
11
,
12
,
13
,
14
; Jews from Radom deported to,
15
; an act of defiance at,
16
,
17
; continuing mass murder at (1942),
18
,
19
,
20
,
21
,
22
,
23
,
24
,
25
,
26
,
27
,
28
,
29
,
30
,
31
; plans for trains to,
32
; deception at,
33
,
34
; escape from trains on way to,
35
; death toll in,
36
; an escapee from, caught,
37
; renewed deportation from Warsaw to (January 1943),
38
; the ‘passive heroism’ of a Jew deported to,
39
; a deportation train goes past,
40
; deportations to, from Thrace and Macedonia (1943),
41
,
42
; destruction of corpses at,
43
; ‘too popular’,
44
; an escapee from, killed in the Warsaw uprising,
45
; Jews deported to, during and after the Warsaw uprising (April 1943),
46
,
47
; preparations for revolt at,
48
; revolt at,
49
; news of revolt at, known in Bialystok,
50
; the final deportations to (August 1943),
51
; a deportation train passes,
52
; a poet’s sons, murdered at,
53
; Soviet forces reach site of (1944),
54
; Jews murdered near, after liberation (1945),
55

Trestioreanu, General: orders reprisals,
1

Trieste: Jews murdered in (1943),
1

Trikkala: rescue of Jews in,
1

Tripoli: German occupation of,
1

Tromat: and a death train (1941),
1

Tsuruga (Japan): Jews land at (1940),
1

Tsymbal, Sergeant Andrei: and a largely Jewish partisan group (1944),
1

Tuchmacher, Mechel: executed (1939),
1
,
2
n.
3

Tuczyn: revolt at (1942),
1

Tulchin: escapees from,
1

Tuliszkow: Jews from, sent to their deaths (1941),
1
,
2
n. 2

Tulkarm: two Jews killed in (1936),
1

Tunis: death of a Jew from, at Auschwitz,
1
; death of a Jew on a forced march from,
2
; Italians protect Jews in,
3
; homes plundered in,
4

Tunisia: Jews of,
1
; Jewish homes plundered in,
2

Turek: Jews from, sent to their deaths (1941),
1
,
2
n. 2; a deportation from (1941),
3
; a Jew murdered in, after liberation (1945),
4

Turfkenitz, Shlomo: helps escapees,
1

Turkey:
1
,
2
; possible fate of Jews in,
3

Turkey: Greek Jews smuggled to safety in,
1
; Jews allowed transit through,
2
; and the Jews of Rhodes,
3

Turno: an attack on,
1

Turno, David: his barns attacked,
1
; the death of his relative (1943),
2

Turobin: Jews deported to Sobibor from,
1
; fate of a Jew in, reported to Warsaw,
2

Turzysk: an act of defiance in,
1

Tykocin: a Polish woman murdered at, for helping Jews,
1

Tykoczynski (a lawyer): commits suicide (1940),
1

Tyrol: liberation in,
1

Uberall, Ehud (Ehud Avriel): organizes refugees (1939),
1

Ujazdow: letter about a deportation through,
1

Ukmerge: mass murder at (1941),
1

Ukraine, the:
1
,
2
,
3
; remaining Jews in (1942),
4
; a promise to Jews at Sobibor concerning,
5
; rumoured resettlement in,
6
,
7
,
8
,
9
,
10
,
11
; Jews in action against Germans in,
12

Ukrainians: as guards,
1
; as collaborators,
2
; auxiliaries,
3
,
4
; hoodlums,
5
; militiamen,
6
,
7
,
8
,
9
; gangs,
10
; local units,
11
,
12
,
13
,
14
; militia commanders,
15
; and the Jews of Kiev,
16
,
17
; at Babi Yar,
18
,
19
; at Stanislawow,
20
; at Chelmno,
21
; at Khmelnik,
22
,
23
; in Minsk,
24
; at Baranowicze,
25
; near Wlodawa,
26
; at Belzec,
27
,
28
,
29
; on way from Zamosc to Sobibor,
30
; at Sobibor,
31
,
32
,
33
,
34
,
35
; at Hrubieszow,
36
; in Warsaw,
37
,
38
,
39
,
40
,
41
,
42
; at Treblinka,
43
,
44
,
45
,
46
,
47
,
48
,
49
,
50
,
51
; warned not to hide Jews,
52
; give refuge to Jews,
53
,
54
; at Krzemieniec,
55
; at Belzec,
56
,
57
,
58
,
59
,
60
; at Kielce,
61
; at Sarny,
62
; at Zofiowka,
63
; in Dzialoszyce,
64
; at Tuczyn,
65
; at Korzec,
66
; at Lukow,
67
; outside Bialystok,
68
,
69
; at
Kruszyna,
70
; at Piotrkow,
71
; during deportations from Bialystok,
72
,
73
,
74
; at Brody,
75
; at Czortkow,
76
; at Szebnie camp,
77
; at a camp near Trieste,
78
; and the ‘Harvest Festival’ massacre,
79
,
80
; at Skarzysko-Kamienna,
81
; Maly Trostenets,
82
; and the killing of Jews after liberation,
83
,
84
; at Lieberose,
85
; shelter Jews,
86
,
87

Ullersdorf: Jews at forced labour at,
1
,
2

Uman: an eye-witness to mass murder at (1941),
1
; a secret link with the Ukrainian partisans at (1943),
2

Umschlagplatz
(Warsaw): deportations from (1942),
1
; two Jews shot on the way to,
2
; and the search for work cards at,
3
; a ‘dignified figure’ on the way to,
4
; and the renewed deportations (January 1943),
5
; and the Warsaw uprising (April 1943),
6
,
7

Undulis, Yanis: helps Jews,
1

Uniejow: Jews from, sent to their deaths (1941),
1
,
2
n. 2; death of two Jews from (1942),
3

Union Factory (Auschwitz): Jewish forced labour at,
1
; and preparations for a revolt at Auschwitz-Birkenau,
2
; evacuation of,
3

United Partisan Organization (Vilna): proclamation of,
1
,
2
,
3

United States: German Jews emigrate to (1933),
1
,
2
,
3
,
4
,
5
,
6
n.
7
; and the voyage of the
St Louis
(1939),
8
; Jews caught on way to (1939),
9
; neutral (September 1939—December 1941),
10
,
11
,
12
,
13
,
14
; German fears of a ‘renewal’ of Jewry in,
15
; at war with Japan,
16
; inspires ‘thousands of dejected Jews’,
17
; Germany declares war on (11 December 1941),
18
,
19
; and the North African landings (1942),
20
; dollars of, sent to the Reich (1943),
21
; protests about fate of Hungarian Jews (1944),
22
; revulsion in (1945),
23
; Jews driven to seek new homes in (1946),
24
; a Jew from, visits Riga (1976),
25

United States Army: units of, reach mass graves (1945),
1
,
2
; enter Nordhausen,
3
; enter Dachau,
4
; meet survivors,
5
; Jews liberated by,
6
,
7
,
8
,
9
; a refugee from Poland killed in action with,
10
n.
11