Read The King's Cardinal: The Rise and Fall of Thomas Wolsey (Pimlico) Online
Authors: Peter Gwyn
101
H.A. Kelly, pp.224-9.
102
H.A. Kelly,
Matrimonial Trials
, pp.95-6. It looks as if, in answer to the question whether he had found her a virgin, he had admitted uncertainty, may even have said she was a virgin, an admission too damaging to have been left on the record. For the evidence of Campeggio’s secretary for Henry’s answer see
LP
, iv, 6694; also
Sp. Cal
., iv (i), p.656.
103
H.A. Kelly,
Matrimonial Trials
, pp.120. Scarisbrick in
Henry
VIII
, p.227, n.2 assigned the adjournment to the 31st. This would help to solve some of the puzzles surrounding Wolsey’s letter of 27th (
LP
, iv, 5797), which implies that the trial was still in progress, but the record of the trial does not support his suggestion, and a scribal error does not seem very likely; see H.A. Kelly,
Matrimonial Trials
, pp.127-8.
104
For instance, Wolsey asked for the instant recall of Peter Vannes, but this does not seem to have happened until October.
105
St. P
, vii, p.193, n.1.
106
St. P
, vii, pp.193-4 (
LP
, iv, 5797).
107
LP
, iv, 5789.
108
For the fact that the dates were not binding see H.A. Kelly,
Matrimonial Trials
, p.78.
109
But formally agreed to on the 16th; see Ehses,
Römische Dokumente
, pp.122-5; H.A. Kelly,
Matrimonial Trials
, p.136.
110
Wolsey’s instructions to the English envoys at Rome of 27 July were for them to act on the assumption that the advocation had been granted; see
St. P
, vii, p.194, but then the decision back in May to go ahead with the legatine trial had been taken on the basis that an advocation was likely.
111
This in Cavendish, p.90; but see also Hall, p.758, who has Suffolk making ‘a great clap on the table with his hand’.
112
Hall’s version is a little more complicated but in it Henry knew of the postponement before it occurred and ordered Norfolk, Suffolk and ‘other nobles of the Council’ to intervene; see Hall, p.758. For Chapuy’s report see
Sp. Cal
.10 (i), p.263.
113
See pp.591-2 below.
114
For his actual words see Burnet, iv, p.84 (
LP
, iv, 5428).
115
See pp.386 ff. above for a very full discussion of this volte-face.
116
The treaty is well summarized in Knecht, p.185; for the financial terms see
LP
, iv, 1602-4; for Louise’s reluctance see
LP
, iv, 1609.
117
Knecht, pp.209-10 for the terms.
118
Lautrec left Paris on 2 July (
LP
, iv, 3215, 3225) and was rumoured to be at Asti on 2 Aug. (
LP
, iv, 3329).
119
St. P
, i, p.255 (
LP
, iv, 3350).
120
LP
, iv, 3337, 3343, 3362-4, 3381, 3400; amongst other things Wolsey had to fend off Henry’s worry that he was allowing Francis to make too many concessions to Charles.
121
Knecht, p.189.
122
Hook, pp.155 ff. for an excellent treatment of the sack of Rome.
123
St. P
, i, p.254 (
LP
, iv, 3340).
124
Ehses,
Römische Dokumente
, 69.
125
Brandi, pp.352-3.
126
For this episode involving Francisco Felipez see Mattingly,
Catherine of Aragon
, pp.185-6.
127
LP
, iv, 3312.
128
LP
, iv, 3322 for Charles’s apologia to Henry for the sack of Rome.
129
LP
, iv, 3247, 3311.
130
St. P
, i, p.271 (
LP
, iv, 3400); see also
LP
, iv, 3401, 3423. For the view that these plans are evidence for Wolsey’s increasing megalomania see Scarisbrick,
Henry
VIII
, pp.157-8.
131
St. P
, pp.230-1, 270-1 (
LP
, iv, 3311, 3400).
132
In his letter to Henry of 29 July Wolsey made it clear that the pope’s release was his chief priority, while as early as 2 June he had pointed out that the pope’s death or captivity would hinder the king’s affairs; see
St. P
, i, pp.189, 230-1 (
LP
, iv, 3147, 3311). See also
LP
, iv, 3179.
133
For this and much of what follows see Hook, pp.219 ff.
134
Pastor, x, pp.256 ff.
135
LP
, iv, 4737).
136
He fell ill on 9 Jan. 1529; for a useful chronology of the illness see Hughes, i, p.182, n.1.
137
St. P
, vii, pp.104-6, 132-4 (
LP
, iv, 4897, 4978);
LP
, iv, 5038, 5073, 5151-2
138
LP
, iv, 5038.
139
Ehses, pp.54-5, 108; Gairdner,
EHR
xii, p.250; Parmiter, pp.66-7.
140
Ehses, p.108; Gairdner, xii, pp.250-1.
141
Hook, p.239.
142
Hook, pp.198-9.
143
LP
, iv, 4737).
144
Hook, pp.201 ff; Stephens, pp.203 ff.
145
LP
, iv, 5038.
146
Pastor, x, pp.56-7.
147
LP
, iv, 5133.
148
LP
, iv, 4482, 4553.
149
LP
, iv, 5016, 5421;
LP
, iv, app.145, 158, 177, 180, 196,203.
150
LP
, iv, 5133;
LP
, iv, pp.2178, 2200. See also
LP
, iv, 3989 for Henry’s letter to the doge in Feb. 1528; also
LP
, iv, 5538â
151
LP
, iv, 3957. The return of the two cities was central to Wolsey’s peace plans of December 1528; see
LP
, iv, 5028.
152
On all this see Mallet and Hale, pp.225-9.
153
For an assessment that Clement would turn to the devil if that would help get them back, see
LP
, iv, 4900; for Clement’s secretary’s view in April 1529 that Henry could expect no remedy while Venice retained papal territory see
LP
, iv, 5447.
154
LP
, iv, 3826-7.
155
LP
, iv, 4564.
156
LP
, iv, app.162, 164.
157
LP
, iv, 3959, 3966, 4376; see also pp.455-6 above.
158
Sp. Cal
., iii (ii), pp.802-3, 808-14;
LP
, iv, 4909-10.
159
LP
, iv, 5050 for Wolsey’s detailed presentation of them, but see also
LP
, iv, 4897, 5028, 5053, 5133, 5179;
LP
, iv, 5138-9, 5148 for papal reactions.
160
Inter alia LP
, iv, 3641, 3913, 3921, 4251, 4897, 5417.
161
LP
, iv, 4977, 5014; Hook, p.239.
162
See p.464 ff. above.
163
LP
, iv, 5138 for Clement’s favourable response; for Imperial worries see
Sp. Cal
, iii (ii), pp.922-3, 929-30.
164
Hook, pp.244-6; Pastor, x, pp.32-67.
165
LP
, iv, 5387;
Sp. Cal
., iii (ii), pp.911, 915, 921-2, 929-30.
166
Hook, pp.246-8; Pastor, x, p.53; for Casale’s assessment to Wolsey of 21 April see
LP
, iv, 5478; also
Sp. Cal
., iii (ii), 924 for the importance of events in Florence.
167
LP
, iv, 5314.
168
LP
, iv, 5428.
169
LP
, iv, 5523.
170
Pastor, x, p.52.
171
Inter alia Elton, Reform and Reformation
, pp.110-11; Scarisbrick,
Henry
VIII
, pp.232-3.
172
LP
, iv, 4945, 4985; for Tuke’s suspicions on 9 Dec. see
LP
, iv, 5018; also
LP
, iv, 5137, 5163, 5231 for early English awareness of Franco- Imperial negotiations.
173
See especially Wolsey’s boast to du Bellay in early December that England would not be left in the lurch by the emperor and Francis in
LP
, iv, 5016; also
LP
, iv, 5572, 5636, 5701. As against this one needs to look at Tuke’s prescient analysis of why Francis and Charles needed peace, sent to Wolsey on 4 March.
174
They left England on 17 May; see
LP
, iv, 2462. See also
LP
, iv, 5523, 5535, 5582, 5601; I assume the military proposals would be along the lines outlined to du Bellay in December, to be put into effect if Charles proved intransigent, see
LP
, iv, 5028. It was typical of Wolsey to become more bullish the heavier the going became.
175
Bellay,
Correspondence
, pp.25-30 (
LP
, iv, 5601); also
LP
, iv, 5704; Knecht, p.219. It is clear that as late as 26 May Wolsey held some hope of averting Cambrai, but only some; see
St. P
, i, p.334 (
LP
, iv, 5595).