Read The King's Cardinal: The Rise and Fall of Thomas Wolsey (Pimlico) Online
Authors: Peter Gwyn
89
LP
, ii, 1943 (BL, Vit. B.
XIX
, fo.100).
90
Scarisbrick, p.62.
91
LP
, ii, 1753 (PRO, SP1/13/fo.91v.).
92
LP
, ii, 1928 (Martene and Durand, iii, p.1274).
93
LP
, ii, 1943.
94
LP
, ii, 1928 (Martene and Durand, pp.1269-75).
95
LP
, ii, 981-2.
96
Rawdon Brown, i, pp.102 ff (
LP
, ii, 652, 666, 847).
97
Cruickshank,
Tournai
, passim.
98
LP
, ii, 175 – Francis
I
in conversation with the English ambassadors as reported 18 Feb.
99
LP
, ii, 175.
100
24 March; see Knecht, p.37.
101
LP
, ii, 437.
102
See especially Rawdon Brown, i, pp.110-11 (
LP
, ii, 666).
103
LP
, ii, 175, 184, 189, 192, 231, 296, 304 for continuing negotiations with Francis;
LP
, ii, 301 for the treaty;
LP
, ii, 428 for Francis
I
’s confirmation.
104
LP
, ii, 468, 613, 740-1.
105
Rawdon Brown, i, p.124 (
LP
, ii, 847).
106
LP
, ii, 827 (BL, Calig. D. vi, fo.245).
107
LP
, ii, 1113 – an account by the French ambassador of these various interviews.
108
LP
, ii, 2648, 2679, 2866.
109
LP
, ii, 2082.
110
LP
, ii, 2178.
111
LP
, ii, 2218 – this a letter of Henry’s to Wolsey and thus no diplomatic reason for it.
112
LP
, ii, 2387.
113
Rawdon Brown, ii, pp.95 ff. (
LP
, ii, 3455, 3462).
114
LP
, ii, 3693.
115
Its payment was secured by the Anglo-French treaty of 5 April 1515.
116
In what follows I have relied heavily on Eaves,
Scottish Diplomacy
and it should be consulted for detailed references.
117
LP
, ii, 982 (BL, Vit. B. xviii, fo.187v.), 1095, 1244.
118
It has not perhaps been sufficiently appreciated that in coming to terms with France in 1514 England was prepared to accept French ambitions in Northern Italy; see
LP
, i, 2956-7, 3129, 3477.
119
The notion that Wolsey’s conduct of foreign policy was governed by such concerns was central to A.F. Pollard’s interpretation in
Wolsey
, pp.111-64, 336, recently reformulated in Wilke, pp.114 ff. and accepted by Elton in
Reform and Reformation
, pp.69-72, 85-7. However, it has been most effectively challenged by D.S. Chambers in ‘Cardinal Wolsey’, and Scarisbrick in
Henry
VIII
, pp.46 ff. and 107 ff.
120
LP
, ii, 2243, 2259, 2387, 2420, 2473, 2486, 2544, 2798, 2889, 2930; also Pastor, pp.160 ff.
121
LP
, ii, 3801.
122
For this episode see Cruickshank,
Tournai
, pp.143-87.
123
See p.81 above.
124
Knecht, pp.68-71, 77-8 is disappointing on this; but in this context it is worth making the important, but not always appreciated, point that because one side thinks they have gained an advantage does not mean that the other side does not think the same – and both may be right.
125
LP
, ii, 3714;
LP
, ii, app.38.
126
Rawdon Brown, ii, pp.135 ff. (
LP
, ii, 3788, 3804).
127
Rawdon Brown, ii, p.140 (
LP
, ii, 3844);
LP
, ii, 3858; for the commercial negotiations themselves see
LP
, ii, 3520-1, 3773, 3803, 3861;
LP
, ii. app.38. More was one of the commissioners.
128
LP
, ii, 3874, 3907, 3918, 3952;
LP
Add, i, 209.
129
Brown, ii, p.168 (
LP
, ii, 4009).
130
LP
, ii, 4014.
131
LP
, ii, 4063-4.
132
LP
, ii, 4034.
133
LP
, ii, 4060.
134
LP
, ii, 4057 (PRO, SP1/16/fo.210).
135
LP
, ii, 4060.
136
LP
, ii, 4124.
137
LP
, iii, 1 (BL, Add. 1938, fo.44). There it is placed at the beginning of 1519. Scarisbrick places it in 1520 or early 1521 and associates it with the downfall of Buckingham (
Henry
VIII
, p.120).
138
See pp.440-2 below.
139
LP
, ii, 4276.
140
LP
, ii, 4279.
141
LP
, ii, 4293.
142
LP
, ii, 1042.
143
LP
, ii, 1931.
144
LP
, ii, 2958.
145
LP
, ii, 3973. See also
LP
, ii, 4161.
146
See pp.6 ff. above.
147
See pp.70-1 above.
148
LP
, ii, 4061; for this episode and, more generally, Suffolk’s francophilia see Gunn,
Charles Brandon
, pp.56-62.
149
See pp.159-60 below.
150
LP
, ii, 4035.
151
LP
, ii, 4043.
152
LP
, ii, 4057.
153
LP
, ii, 4063.
154
LP
, ii, 4166.
155
LP
, ii, 4293.
156
Giustinian reported More ‘declaring that the Cardinal of York “most solely”, to use his own expression, transacted this matter with the French … so that the king himself scarcely knows in what state matters are’ (
LP
, ii, 4438). In fact, as has been shown, Henry was intimately involved in what was going on, but Giustinian did find it particularly hard to obtain information at this time, which may suggest that he normally found out only what Wolsey wanted him to.
157
Rymer, xiii, pp.632-42 (
LP
, ii, 4475).
158
LP
, ii, 4479,
LP
, ii, app.52.
159
Rawdon Brown, ii, pp.210, 222 (
LP
, ii, 4413, 4457) – but the Tournai aspects of the negotiations are the least well documented.
160
LP
, ii, 192, 231.
161
LP
, ii, app.38.
162
Rymer, xiii, pp.646-7 (
LP
, ii, 4476); Cruickshank,
Tournai
, pp.240 ff. I confess that I would not go to the stake for this figure – but it the best that I can do!
163
Cruickshank,
Tournai
, pp.275-9.
164
LP
, ii, 4479;
LP
, ii, app.52.
165
Rawdon Brown, ii, pp.215, 231 (
LP
, ii, 4424, 4491);
LP
, ii, 4357, 4479;
LP
, ii, app.52.
166
LP
, ii, 4577; Ven. Cal., ii, 1120, 1140; see also
LP
, ii, 4471.
167
For the whole of this paragraph see Eaves, pp.66-101. It is worth pointing out that in November 1517 the French were maintaining that if Albany wanted to be in Scotland there was nothing they could do to stop him (
LP
, ii, 3804).
168
Rymer, xiii, pp.649-53 (
LP
, ii, 4477).
169
LP
, ii, 4613, 4652, 4663-4.
170
Inter alia LP
, ii, 468, 826, 828.
171
LP
, ii, 4357, 4388, 4448. For this and Mary’s dower income; see Gunn,
Charles Brandon
, pp.59-60.
172
Rymer, xiii, p.610,
LP
, ii, 4352-4 – the figure given is 12,000
livres tournois
.
173
LP
, ii, 3345, 3347, 3872, 3935, 4245-6, 4384-5. For very useful notes on both the French and Spanish pensions see A.F. Pollard, pp.116-7, 321, 324.
174
Inter alia LP
, iv, 3619.
175
LP
, ii, 4023, 4074.
176
LP
, ii, 3647.