The King's Cardinal: The Rise and Fall of Thomas Wolsey (Pimlico) (97 page)

¹⁶³
Mitchell, pp.86-7.

¹⁶⁴
Ibid, p.116.

¹⁶⁵
LP
, iii, 695, 756; the celebrations took place every fifty years, and were due in 1520.

¹⁶⁶
LP
, iii, 1218.

¹⁶⁷
LP
, iii, 2767; for another offer of lodgings by Wolsey, this time in Aug. 1525, see
LP
, iv, 1591.

¹⁶⁸
LP
, iii, 98; iv, 1157.

¹⁶⁹
Wilkins, iii, p.661.

¹⁷⁰
LP
, iv, app.39. It is quoted by Bernard in his excellent assessment of the relationship between the two men; see Bernard,
War, Taxation and Rebellion
, pp.96-107.

¹⁷¹
M J. Kelly, ‘Canterbury jurisdiction’, pp.104-8.

¹⁷²
See pp.290-1 above.

¹⁷³
PRO SP l/18/fo.37 (
LP
, iii, 77 [6]).

¹⁷⁴
LP
, iv, 4659.

¹⁷⁵
PRO SP l/50/fo.20 (
LP
, iv, 4659); Fasti, iv, p.34.

¹⁷⁶
LP
, iv, 5589.

¹⁷⁷
Ibid.

¹⁷⁸
See
LP
, iv, 5491, 5492 for Nix’s ‘fury and fretting melancholy’ in this matter. For the English envoys having fun with Clement
VII
at Nix’s expense see
LP
, iv, 4120; and called ‘a devilish man’ in a letter to Cromwell 5 Jan. 1530 (
LP
, iv, 6159).

¹⁷⁹
A.F. Pollard, pp.165-216.

¹⁸⁰
LP
, iii, 1972.

¹⁸¹
His first embassy was to Brussels in 1515, an embassy made famous because it was during it that More wrote some of
Utopia
.

¹⁸²
For Tunstall’s opposition to Henry’s religious changes but eventual submission see Scarisbrick,
Henry
VIII
, pp.276-7, 330-1.

¹⁸³
Chambers, ‘English representation’, pp.379 ff.

¹⁸⁴
LP
, iii, 3594.

¹⁸⁵
Bowker,
Henrician Reformation
is the major source for all aspects of Longland’s life.

¹⁸⁶
O’Day and Heal, p.20 for a similarly optimistic view.

¹⁸⁷
S.J. Lander, ‘Diocese of Chichester’; ‘Church courts’.

¹⁸⁸
S. Thompson, ‘English and Welsh bishops’, p.168 for his preaching; more generally Pill.

¹⁸⁹
In the dedication to West of his
Defensio regie assertionis
, quoted by Heal in her ‘Bishops of Ely’, p.9.

¹⁹⁰
Scarisbrick,
Henry
VIII
, pp.273 ff; ‘Conservative episcopate’, pp.72 ff.

¹⁹¹
LP
, ii, 4070.

¹⁹²
Henry Ellis, 3 ser, i, pp.184-5 (
LP
, ii, 4083).

¹⁹³
Ibid.

¹⁹⁴
LP
, ii, 4074, 4083.

¹⁹⁵
LP
, iv, 4824.

¹⁹⁶
Durham’s revenue in the Valor Ecclesiaticus was £3,023, Winchester’s £3,888.

¹⁹⁷
For preventions or, as earlier they were more frequently called, provisions see Southern, pp.156-69 for a good introduction.

¹⁹⁸
LP
, iv, 6075, art.7, though probably Pollard’s views have been even more influential; see A.F. Pollard, pp.204 ff.

¹⁹⁹
S. Thompson, ‘English and Welsh bishops’, p.26 though there were wide variations; for instance 5 per cent for York, 26 per cent for Durham.

²⁰⁰
I have failed to discover the total number of livings in the abbey’s gift, but there were 26 in the counties of Hertfordshire and Lincolnshire; see Bowker,
Secular Clergy
, pp.67-8

²⁰¹
Croke, ii, p.819, quoting from BL Lansdowne 163, fo.141, where the number of livings at his disposal is put at 40. See also O’Day.

²⁰²
LP
, iv, 3304.

²⁰³
My suggested breakdown is York 120 appointments, Durham 60, Salisbury, 80, Worcester 30, St Albans 50, lord chancellor 40, but I must stress that these are very rough and ready figures.

²⁰⁴
M.J. Kelly, ‘Canterbury jurisdiction’, p.10 for his estimate of 135 appointments in his gift, to which should be added the putative 40 as lord chancellor.

²⁰⁵
Fasti
, iii. The certainty is Peter Vannes to the prebend of Grantham australis in 1528; there are 10 possible appointments.

²⁰⁶
Fasti
, vi.

²⁰⁷
See
inter alia LP
, ii, 3834; iii, 2136; iv, 1385-6, 2576, 4135, 4647, 5069, 5410.

²⁰⁸
LP
, iv, 1529.

²⁰⁹
A.F. Pollard, pp.308-12 for a useful summary.

²¹⁰
LP
, iv, 6075, art.27.

²¹¹
M.J. Kelly, ‘Canterbury jurisdiction’, pp.27-30.

²¹²
For West asking Wolsey to promote his nephew to the living of East Dereham see
LP
, iii, 1030.

²¹³
LP
, iv, 4527. Pate did retain the prebend but there is no evidence of whether Wolsey accepted the bribe. For Pate see Bowker,
Henrician Reformation
, pp.79-80.

²¹⁴
His brother Robert Fisher was his steward.

²¹⁵
Lehmberg, p.84.

²¹⁶
Lupton, pp.301-2.

²¹⁷
Pantin,
English Church
, pp.47-102 for the most useful treatment but see also Deeley.

²¹⁸
The statutes of provisors are dated 1351 and 1390, the statutes of praemunire 1353, 1365 and 1393, the last being the ‘Great Statute of Praemunire’.

²¹⁹
LRO Bishops’ Possessions, Manorial, unnumbered box.

²²⁰
M.J. Kelly, ‘Canterbury jurisdiction’, p.171.

²²¹
St. P
, vi, p.257 (
LP
, iv, 126).

²²²
LP
, iv, 568, 610.

²²³
LP
, iv, 6035.

²²⁴
I owe this information to Bowker’s kindness, taken from LAO Register 27 (Longland), fos.148v-9; the register actually refers to ‘Alyn’. Another oddity is that the charge stated that Allen was prevented on 2 Dec. 15 Hen.
VIII
, that is in 1523 (PRO KB 29/161/ m.37), but all the evidence suggests that Woderuffe was rector of Galby until his death in either late 1526 or early 1527 and that only then did Allen succeed him.

²²⁵
LP
, iv, 2340.

²²⁶
LP
, iv, 3277. For those obsessed with the notion of faction, Norfolk’s involvement in this episode will be of interest, but he seems to have been in favour of the removal, so presumably, on this occasion at least, not antagonistic to Wolsey.

²²⁷
GRO MS 9531/10/fo.31v.

²²⁸
‘The pardon of the clergy’ agreed to on 24 Jan. 1531.

²²⁹
GRO MS 9531/10/fos.22, 23, 28, 29.

²³⁰
Ibid, fo.26.

²³¹
LP
, iv, 193.

²³²
LP
, iv, 4521.

²³³
LP
, iv, 5533; see also Glanmor Williams, pp.310 ff. The episode provided the centre-piece of Pollard’s attack on Wolsey’s use of preventions; see A.F.Pollard, pp.206-8.

²³⁴
Registrum Thome Wolsey
, p.59.

²³⁵
Baker, ii, p.69, where full documentation is provided.

²³⁶
This would be to exclude 4 out of the 8 London preventions, 4 out of the King’s Bench cases, Galby, Laverstoke, and Wirksworth.

²³⁷
See Heal, ‘Bishops of Ely’, pp.6-7.

²³⁸
LP
, iv, 4527.

²³⁹
Always assuming that the compositions followed the pattern of the only surviving copy, that for Lincoln.

²⁴⁰
GRO MS. 9531/10/fos 87-101.

²⁴¹
LP
. iv, 4489. The episode is a good example of the formal record concealing the truth.

²⁴²
LP
, iv, 4335.

²⁴³
LP
, iv, 4476.

²⁴⁴
LP
, iv, 4521.

²⁴⁵
LP
, iv, 4521.

²⁴⁶
LP
, iv, 4562, 4605.

²⁴⁷
LP
, iv, 4546;
Fasti
, i, p.14.

²⁴⁸
For Fisher complying with a royal request in 1523 see S. Thompson, ‘Bishop in his diocese’, p.73.

²⁴⁹
J.A. Robinson, pp.5-8 for Henry
VII
’s letter to Sir Reginald Bray dated 1501/2 in which the king gave an account of the promise. Sadly both Henry
VII
’s and Edward
IV
’s involvement with the Church has been inadequately treated by recent biographers.

²⁵⁰
Harper-Bill,
JEH
, 29, a most important and not sufficiently well-known article.