The Last Crusade: The Epic Voyages of Vasco Da Gama (84 page)

kings of Ethiopia as,
ref1
,
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,
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Sofala and,
ref1n

Priuli, Girolamo,
ref1
,
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Protestant Reformation,
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,
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,
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Ptolemy,
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,
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Pyrard, François,
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Quilon, India,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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Quirimbas Archipelago,
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Raleigh, Sir Walter,
ref1

Red Sea,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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Bab el Mandeb and,
ref1

Portuguese blockade,
ref1
,
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,
ref3n

Portuguese conquest attempted,
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Renaissance,
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,
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,
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Resende, Garcia de,
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Reynaud de Châtillon,
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Rhodes,
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,
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Richard the Lionheart,
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Robert the Monk,
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,
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Rodrigues, Paio,
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,
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Roe, Sir Thomas,
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,
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Roman Empire,
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,
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,
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Rome.
See
Catholic church (Rome)

Rome (city),
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,
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,
ref3n

Rule of the Sun,
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Russia,
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,
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Sá, João de,
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,
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,
ref3n

St. Anthony’s fire,
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,
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St. Catherine Monastery, Sinai,
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Saladin (Yusuf ibn Ayyub),
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,
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,
ref3n

Sancho of Leon,
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Sanderson, John,
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Santiago de Compostela,
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,
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Santiago Matamoros
,
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,
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Sanudo Torsello, Marino,
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,
ref2n

Sanuto, Benedetto,
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São João
, shipwreck of,
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Saracens,
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,
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scurvy,
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,
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,
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,
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,
ref5n

Sebastian of Portugal,
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,
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,
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Seljuks,
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,
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,
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Sernigi, Girolamo,
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,
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,
ref3n

Seville, Spain,
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Sewell, Robert,
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Seychelles,
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,
ref2n
,
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Sharon, Ariel,
ref1n

ships.
See also Gama’s voyages

cannon installed on,
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,
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,
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,
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careening,
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,
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Chinese junks,
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Columbus’s,
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,
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,
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dhows,
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,
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,
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,
ref4n
,
ref5n

forecastles and sterncastles,
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,
ref2n

galliots of Barbary Coast pirates,
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Gama’s,
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,
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,
ref3n

Gama’s request for faster vessels,
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lateen (triangular) sails for,
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,
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loss of the
São João
,
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navigating south of the equator,
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navigation, astrolabe for,
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Pole Star and,
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Portuguese, for Ceuta assault,
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,
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Portuguese, towering vessels for carrying capacity,
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,
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Portuguese caravel,
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,
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,
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sailor’s garb,
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,
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sambuk,
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,
ref2n

scurvy and,
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,
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,
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,
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sea biscuit,
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,
ref2n

shipboard activity, daily life at sea,
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,
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Siam (Thailand),
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,
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Sicily,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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,
ref9n

Sigismund, King of Hungary,
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,
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Sinbad the Sailor,
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,
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Sines, Portugal,
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,
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,
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slavery

Barbary Coast pirates and,
ref1
,
ref2n

Catholic church and,
ref1n

Egypt and,
ref1

Gama’s orders on Cochin and,
ref1

in Goa,
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,
ref2

in medieval world,
ref1

Portugal and trading in,
ref1
,
ref2

Smith, Adam,
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Society of Jesus (Jesuits),
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,
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,
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,
ref4n
,
ref5n
,
ref6

Sodré, Brás,
ref1
,
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,
ref3n

Sodré, Vicente,
ref1
,
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,
ref3n

blockade of Arab shipping and,
ref1

blockade of Calicut’s harbor,
ref1
,
ref2

corruption and,
ref1
,
ref2n

Gama’s 1502 voyage and,
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,
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,
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looting and piracy by,
ref1
,
ref2

Mozambique and,
ref1
,
ref2

as naval presence in Indian Ocean,
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rescue of Gama at Calicut,
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Sofala,
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,
ref2
,
ref3
,
ref4
,
ref5n
,
ref6n
,
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Spain (Iberia),
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Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa,
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,
ref2n

Castile and Léon,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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coat of arms,
ref1n

Columbus and,
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,
ref2
(
see also
Columbus, Christopher)

convivencia
and,
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,
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,
ref3
,
ref4n
,
ref5n
,
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crops of,
ref1
,
ref2n

Crusades and,
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Dark Ages and,
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,
ref2n

exploration and colonization by,
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five kingdoms of,
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Goths in,
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,
ref2n

holy war born in,
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Inquisition,
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,
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Islamic (al-Andalus),
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,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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,
ref7n

Islamic (Granada),
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,
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Islamic conquest of,
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Jews in,
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,
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,
ref3
,
ref4n

jihad against Christians and Jews,
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Knights Templar and,
ref1

La Jornada del Foso (Day of the Pit),
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League of Cambrai,
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,
ref2n

Madrid bombings by jihadists,
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new Crusade (15th century),
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Order of Santiago,
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papal support for war against al-Andalus,
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patron saint, St. James,
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Portugal gained by,
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Reconquest,
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,
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,
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,
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,
ref5n
,
ref6n
,
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religious oppression in,
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,
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rival monarchs and fratricide,
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,
ref2n

rivalry with Portugal,
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,
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,
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trade route west to Asia,
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Treaty of Alcáçovas,
ref1n

Treaty of Badajoz,
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Treaty of Tordesillas,
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,
ref2

Treaty of Zaragoza,
ref1n

War of the Castilian Succession,
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Spice Islands,
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,
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,
ref3n
,
ref4n

Dutch colonization of,
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Magellan’s idea to claim,
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,
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Portuguese reach,
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Spain-Portugal rivalry,
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,
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,
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Treaty of Badajoz and,
ref1

spices,
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adulteration of,
ref1

cassia trees,
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,
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,
ref3n

India and,
ref1
,
ref2

of Malindi,
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medicinal use,
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,
ref2

of Mombasa,
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of Mozambique,
ref1

mystery of,
ref1

pepper,
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,
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pepper and other spices demystified,
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price hike and European instability,
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purpose of,
ref1
,
ref2n

religious rituals and,
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sexuality and,
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,
ref2n

spice trade,
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,
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Aden and,
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Alexandria and,
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,
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antiquity of route,
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,
ref2n

Antwerp and,
ref1n

Calicut and,
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,
ref2

Cannanore and,
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,
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,
ref3

Cochin and,
ref1

Columbus and search for sea route,
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decline of,
ref1

Egypt and,
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3
,
ref4

Gama’s voyages and,
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3
,
ref4
,
ref5
,
ref6
,
ref7
,
ref8n

Hormuz and,
ref1

India and,
ref1
,
ref2

Italian merchants in,
ref1
,
ref2

Lisbon and,
ref1

missionaries and route to Asia,
ref1
,
ref2n

Mongols’ downfall and closing of overland routes,
ref1

Muslim merchants and,
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3
,
ref4n

Ottoman Empire and,
ref1

Portugal as trading nation,
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3
,
ref4

Portugal’s crown monopoly of,
ref1
,
ref2

Portugal usurps Muslims,
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Portuguese blockade of,
ref1
,
ref2n

Portuguese replaces Arabic as language of commerce,
ref1

Sudley, Frederick,
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Suleiman the Magnificent,
ref1

suttee,
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,
ref2
,
ref3n
,
ref4n

Syria,
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,
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,
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,
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,
ref5
,
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Syriac Orthodox Church,
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,
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,
ref3n
,
ref4n

Tamerlane,
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,
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,
ref3n
,
ref4n

Tangier,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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Teldi, Francesco,
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Thomas the Apostle, St.,
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,
ref2n
,
ref3n

Timbuktu,
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Timoja,
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,
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,
ref3n

Toledo, Spain,
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,
ref2n

Tor, port of,
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,
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,
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Tordesillas, Spain,
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3

Toscanelli, Paolo dal Pozzo,
ref1
,
ref2n

Travels
(Varthema),
ref1

Travels of Sir John Mandeville
,
ref1

Treaty of Windsor,
ref1n

Tripoli,
ref1

Tunis,
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3n

Tunisia,
ref1

Turks,
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3
.
See also
Ottoman Empire

assault on Constantinople,
ref1

assault on Jerusalem,
ref1

assault on Venice,
ref1

Mamluks (Turkish slaves),
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scandalous rumors about,
ref1
,
ref2n

Seljuks,
ref1
,
ref2

Umayyad caliphate,
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3n
,
ref4n

Urban II, Pope,
ref1
,
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,
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,
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,
ref5n
,
ref6n