The Mad Sculptor (45 page)

27
. Porter,
Conscience of the Court
, p. 179.

28
.
New York Post
, April 21, 1936, p. 4.

29
. Evans,
Blood on the Table
, pp. 79–80;
New York Post
, April 22, 1936, pp. 1 and 14.

30
.
New York Daily News
, April 22, 1936, pp. 3 and 20.

31
. Porter,
Conscience of the Court
, pp. 179–180.

32
.
New York Times
, April 23, 1936, p. 5; Faurot, “New York’s Bathtub Slaying,” p. 44.

33
.
New York Daily Mirror
, April 22, 1936, pp. 3 and 5, and May 22, 1936, pp. 3 and 4;
New York Daily News
, April 22, 1936, pp. 1 and 3;
New York Times
, April 22, 1936, pp. 1 and 12; Evans,
Blood on the Table
, pp. 86–88; Bromberg,
The Mold of Murder: A Psychiatric Study of Homicide.
(New York and London: Grune and Stratton, 1961), p. 152.

34
.
New York Daily Mirror
, April 23, 1936, p. 3;
New York Post
, April 23, 1936, pp. 3 and 7;
New York Times
, April 23, 1936, p. 5.

35
.
New York Daily Mirror
, April 25, 1936, pp. 2 and 3; April 26, 1936, pp. 3 and 7; April 27, 1936, pp. 3 and 6; April 28, 1936, pp. 3 and 6; April 29, 1936, pp. 4 and 9; and April 30, 1936, pp. 2 and 3.

36
.
New York Post
, May 1, 1936, p. 1.

37
.
New York Daily News
, April 23, 1936, p. 7.

38
.
New York Times
, May 20, 1936, p. 4; May 21, 1936, p. 7; May 26, 1936, p. 48; May 27, 1936, p. 48; May 28, 1936, p. 1; May 29, 1936, p. 44; June 6, 1936, p. 34; and January 22, 1937, p. 42.
New York Daily News
, May 23, 1936, p. 3; May 25, 1936, p. 3; and May 27, 1936, pp. 2 and 3.
New York Post
, May 26, 1936, p. 1 and 13. Evans,
Blood on the Table
, pp. 89–92.

Chapter 4. Sex Fiends

1
. See Harold Schechter,
Deranged: The Shocking True Story of America’s Fiendish Killer!
(New York: Simon & Schuster/Pocket Books, 1998), and
New York Times
, May 1, 1935, p. 44.

2
. See Tamara Rice Lave, “Only Yesterday: The Rise and Fall of Twentieth Century Sexual Psychopath Laws,”
Louisiana Law Review
, No. 69 (April 2009), p. 551; “Sex Crime Wave Alarms the U.S.,”
Literary Digest
, April 10, 1937, pp. 5–7; and Smith Ely Jelliffe, “Why Do Such Things Happen?,”
Cosmopolitan
, July 1937, pp. 56–57, 170–171. In New York City, Hoover’s syndicated article appeared in
This Week
, the Sunday magazine section of the
New York Herald Tribune
, September 26, 1937, pp. 2 and 23.

3
. Chapters include “The Sex Criminal Emerges,” “Is the Sex Deviate Born or Made?,” and “What Shall We Do with the Sex Criminal?” See Bertram Pollens,
The Sex Criminal
(New York: Emerson Books, 1938).

4
.
New York Times
, March 21, 1937, p. 24; August 9, 1937, p. 1; and August 15, 1937, pp. 1 and 2.

5
. Pollens,
The Sex Criminal
, pp. 84–85; Jelliffe, “Why Do Such Things Happen?,” p. 56; “Sex Crime Wave Alarms U.S.,” p. 5–7; Andrea Friedman, “ ‘The Habitats of Sex-Crazed Perverts’: Campaigns Against Burlesque in Depression-Era New York City,”
Journal of the History of Sexuality
, Vol. 7, No. 2 (October 1996), pp. 226–227.

6
.
New York Daily News
, March 28, 1937, pp. 54–55.

7
. “Sex Crime Wave Alarms the U.S.,” p. 7.

Chapter 5. The Firebrand

1
. Martin H. Schrag, “The Spiritual Pilgrimage of the Reverend Benjamin Hardin Irwin,”
Brethren in Christ History and Life
, Vol. 4, No. 1 (June 1981), p. 5.

2
. Ibid., p. 6.

3
. Ibid., pp. 6–7.

4
. Ibid., p. 13.

5
. In an interview with probation officer B. G. Dodge, Irwin described his father as “a sort of Elmer Gantry—he set out to reform the world. The only drawback was that he neglected first to reform himself.” Dodge’s handwritten report is filed in Box 21, Folder 10, Papers of Fredric Wertham. Irwin also calls his father “the Elmer Gantry of his day” in the first part of the serialized autobiography published by the
New York Daily News
, April 12, 1937, p. 8.

6
. Schrag, “The Spiritual Pilgrimage,” p. 10–11; Vinson Synan,
The Holiness-Pentecostal Tradition: Charismatic Movements in the Twentieth Century.
(Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans, 1997), pp. 51–52.

7
. Synan,
The Holiness-Pentecostal Tradition
, pp. 52–55.

8
. Randall J. Stephens,
The Fire Spreads: Holiness and Pentecostalism in the American South
(Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2008), pp. 180–181; C. F. Carter, “Fantastic Fanaticisms,”
Scrap Book
, Vol. 5, No. 3 (March 1908), p. 406; Schrag, “Benjamin Hardin Irwin and the Brethren in Christ,”
Brethren in Christ History and Life
, Vol. 4, No. 2 (December 1981), 109.

9
. Synan,
The Holiness-Pentecostal Tradition
, p. 56; Stephens,
The Fire Spreads
, p. 180.

10
. Synan,
The Holiness-Pentecostal Tradition
, p. 58.

11
. Ibid., p. 58; Schrag, “Benjamin Hardin Irwin,” p. 19; R. G. Robins,
A. J. Tomlinson: Plainfolk Modernist
(New York: Oxford University Press, 2004), p. 44.

12
. See
New York Daily News
, April 12, 1937, p. 8; Stephens,
The Fire Spreads
, p. 184; and Dr. Harold Hunter, “International Pentecostal Holiness Church,”
http://www.pctii.org/iphc.html
.

13
. See Vinson Synan,
The Old-Time Power
(Franklin Springs, GA: Advocate Press, 1973), p. 92; Synan,
The Holiness-Pentecostal Tradition
, p. 89; and Cecil M. Robeck,
The Azusa Street Mission and Revival: The Birth of the Global Pentecostal Movement
(Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson, 2006), p. 42. The scriptural basis for the belief in glossolalia appears in the second chapter of Acts.

14
. Sarah E. Parham,
The Life of Charles F. Parham, Founder of the Apostolic Faith Movement
(Baxter Springs, KS: Apostolic Faith Bible College, 1930), pp. 52–53. Technically speaking, Ozman manifested xenolalia, the spontaneous ability to converse in a real foreign language unknown to the speaker. Glossolalia, the typical Pentecostal “tongue speech,” refers to utterances in a completely unrecognizable language.

15
. Robeck,
The Azusa Street Mission
, pp. 43–44, 49.

16
. Synan,
The Holiness-Pentecostal Tradition
, p. 98.

17
. “Weird Babel of Tongues,”
Los Angeles Times
, April 18, 1906, p. 1.

18
. Edith L. Blumhofer,
Restoring the Faith: The Assemblies of God, Pentecostalism, and American Culture
(Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1993), p. 61.

19
. Vinson Synan,
Voices of the Pentecost: Testimonies of Lives Touched by the Holy Spirit
(Ann Arbor, MI: Servant Publications, 2003), pp. 89–90; Synan,
The Holiness-Pentecostal Tradition,
p. 128.

20
. Altogether, Mary bore five children by Benjamin: a twin of Vidalin named Victor, who died at under two weeks, and a girl named Mary Louise who died of “membranous cramp” at three months. (See Edythe K. Bryant, “Family History No. 183, Whittier State School Department of Research,” p. 17, in Box 21, Folder 8, Papers of Fredric Wertham.) According to one newspaper account, Mary Louise died “because her father neglected her care when left alone with the baby” (
New York Daily Mirror
, April 17, 1937, p. 6). Grant Wacker writes that it was the “painful experience” of his young daughter’s death that “triggered” Irwin’s Pentecostal baptism. See
Heaven Below
(Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2001), p. 60.

21
. Fredric Wertham,
The Show of Violence
(Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Company, 1949), p. 111; report of B. G. Dodge, pp. 18–19.

22
. See Wertham,
The Show of Violence
, p. 111; report of B. G. Dodge, p. 18; and
New York Daily Mirror
, April 18, 1937, p. 8.

23
. Wertham,
The Show of Violence
, p. 111.

Chapter 6. The Brothers

1
. Report of B. G. Dodge, p. 16.

2
. Ibid., p. 13.

3
. Wertham,
The Show of Violence
, p. 111.

4
. Fredric Wertham, clinical notes on “James Adamson,” January 3, 1933, p. 2, Box 21, Folder 8, Papers of Fredric Wertham, 1818–1936.

5
. As religious historian Edith L. Blumhofer writes: “Immersed in a world in which spiritual forces often loomed larger than tangible realities, Pentecostals frequently yielded to inclinations to neglect conventional social obligations to pursue spiritual experiences. Taking literally injunctions to love nothing more than Christ, some virtually abandoned regular family life to ‘follow the Lord.’…Leaders soon found it advisable to encourage the faithful to acknowledge and fulfill family obligations…denouncing as ‘false teaching’ the idea that God had called married women to do ‘mission work and to leave the little children at home to fare the best they can.’ ” See Blumhofer,
Restoring the Faith
, p. 93.

6
. “Robert Irwin’s Own Story,”
New York Daily News
, April 12, 1937, p. 3.

7
. Bryant, “Family History No. 183,” p. 11.

8
. Ibid., p. 7.

9
. Ibid., pp. 4–5, 8.

10
. F. C. Nelles, “Purposes of the Whittier State School,”
Los Angeles School Journal
, Vol. 6, No. 8 (January 15, 1923), pp. 24–25.

11
. Bryant, “Family History No. 183,” pp. 2–4, 5.

12
. Ibid., pp. 9–10.

13
. Ibid., pp. 17–19; William Henry Slingerland,
Child Welfare Work in California: A Study of Agencies and Institutions
(New York: Russell Sage Foundation/Department of Child-Helping, 1915), p. 79.

14
. Wertham,
The Show of Violence
, p. 114.

15
. Report of B. G. Dodge, p. 12; Wertham, clinical notes on “James Adamson,” January 9, 1933, p. 6.

16
. Report of B. G. Dodge, p. 12; Wertham, clinical notes on “James Adamson,” January 3, 1933, p. 2.

17
. Report of B. G. Dodge, p. 13; Wertham, clinical notes on “James Adamson,” January 9, 1933, p. 6; Wertham,
The Show of Violence
, pp. 114–115.

18
. “Robert Irwin’s Own Story,”
New York Daily News
, April 12, 1937, p. 3.

19
. See Wertham, clinical notes on “James Adamson,” January 11, 1933, p. 2 and report of B. G. Dodge, p. 13.

20
. Report of B. G. Dodge, pp. 3, 18.

Chapter 7. Epiphany

1
. Roberts Liardon,
The Azusa Street Revival: When The Fire Fell
(Shippensburg, PA: Destiny Press, 2006), p. 170.

2
. See “A Letter Written from Rose City Camp Ground, Portland, Ore.,”
www.Apostolicfaith.org
, and “Religion: Camp Meeting,”
Time
, August 19, 1935, p. 43.

3
. Harriet Hammond, “Bob Irwin’s Secret Life,”
New York Daily Mirror
, April 18, 1937, p. 24.

4
. Report of B. G. Dodge, p. 14.

5
. Wertham,
The Show of Violence
, p. 111. Pember’s official Certificate of Death from the State of California, County of Nevada, Nevada City (File No. 95–038240) lists his last known occupation as “Classical Guitar Teacher.”

6
. Wertham, clinical notes on “James Adamson,” January 6, 1933, p. 8.

7
. Ibid.; Hammond, “Bob Irwin’s Secret Life,” April 22, 1937, p. 14. For a good summary of Simpson’s life and career, see Ralph Friedman,
Tracking Down Oregon
(Caldwell, ID: Caxton, 1978), pp. 58–70.

8
. Hammond, “Bob Irwin’s Secret Life,” April 19, 1937, p. 3.

9
. Ibid., April 25, 1937, p. 14.

10
. Ibid., April 22, 1937, p. 14.

11
. L. E. Hinsie, “A Contribution to the Psychopathology of Murder—Study of a Case.”
Criminal Psychopathology
, Vol. 2, No. 1 (July 1940), p. 4.

12
. Wallace D. Wattles,
The Science of Getting Rich
(Holyoke, MA: Elizabeth Towne, 1910), p. 36. Also, see Catherine L. Albanese,
A Republic of Mind and Spirit: A Cultural History of American Metaphysical Religion
(New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2007), and Horatio W. Dresser,
A History of the New Thought Movement
(New York: Thomas Y. Crowell, 1919).

13
. Wertham, clinical notes on “James Adamson,” January 11, 1933, p. 1; Wertham,
The Show of Violence
, p. 117.

14
. Hinsie, “The Psychopathology of Murder,” p. 8.

15
. Report of B. G. Dodge, p. 15.

16
. Ibid., p. 13.

17
. Hinsie, “The Psychopathology of Murder,” p. 8.

18
. For an excellent discussion of Ingersoll in the context of his time, see Susan Jacoby,
Freethinkers: A History of American Secularism
(New York: Henry Holt/Metropolitan Books, 2004).