The Marne, 1914: The Opening of World War I and the Battle That Changed the World (62 page)

47.
Diary entry dated 2 September 1914; ibid.

48.
Diary entry dated 31 August 1914; ibid.

49.
Diary entry dated 1 September 1914, ibid.; BHStA-KA, Generalkommando I AK, KTB 31.7.14–28.2.15; diary entry dated 1 September 1914, Tagebuch Rupprecht, BHStA-GH, Nachlaß Kronprinz Rupprecht 699.

50.
Diary entry dated 1 September 1914. BHStA-KA, Generalkommando II AK, KTB 1.8.1914–31.12.1914.

51.
Diary entry dated 1 September 1914. BHStA-KA, Generalkommando III AK, Kriegstagebuch 29.7.14–31.12.1914. The comment concerning the “present” of Nancy to Ludwig III is in diary entry dated 26 August 1914, Tagebuch Rupprecht, BHStA-GH, Nachlaß Kronprinz Rupprecht 699.

52.
Diary entries dated 26 August and 1 September 1914; ibid.

53.
“Gebsattel wants to have his battle.” BHStA-KA, Kriegstagebuch 1914/18, Nachlaß R. Xylander 12.

54.
Cited in Tyng,
Campaign of the Marne
, 68.

55.
Douglas Wilson Johnson,
Battlefields of the World War: Western and Southern Fronts; A Study in Military Geography
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1921), 431, 437.

56.
Reconnaissance report of 1 September 1914 by Colonel Karl von Nagel, chief of staff to I Corps. BHStA-KA, Generalkommando I AK, KTB 31.7.14–28.2.15.

57.
Die Bayern im Großen Kriege 1914–1918
ed. Bayerisches Kriegsarchiv (Munich: Verlag des Bayerischen Kriegsarchivs, 1923), 1:61.

58.
See AFGG, 3:1159–61.

59.
Details in ibid., 2:388, 390, 393.

60.
Ibid., 3:1244.

61.
Dated 28 August 1914. Ibid., 2:509; and 2-2:667; Joffre, 1:337.

62.
AFGG, 3:1154–56.

63.
Diary entry dated 4 September 1914. Tagebuch Rupprecht, BHStA-GH, Nachlaß Kronprinz Rupprecht 699.

64.
Deuringer,
Die Schlacht in Lothringen
, 1:635; AFGG, 3-1:579.

65.
AFGG, 2:434, 445; ibid., 3:1165.

66.
Ibid., 3-1:97; Joffre, 1:398–99.

67.
AFGG, 3-1:193.

68.
Johnson,
Battlefields of the World War
, 485.

69.
AFGG, 3:1186.

70.
Diary entry dated 14 September 1914. Tagebuch Rupprecht, BHStA-GH, Nachlaß Kronprinz Rupprecht 699.

71.
Diary entry dated 7 September 1914. BHStA-KA, Generalkommando III AK, Kriegstagebuch 29.7.14–31.12.1914.

72.
7 September 1914. Joffre, 1:407–08.

73.
AFGG, 3:1210ff.

74.
See WK, 4:492–93.

75.
Dated 6–7 September 1914.
Adolf Wild von Hohenborn. Briefe und Tagebuchaufzeichnungen des preußischen Generals als Kriegsminister und Truppenführer im Ersten Weltkrieg
, ed. Helmut Reichold (Boppard: H. Boldt, 1986), 17.

76.
Terence Zuber,
The Battle of the Frontiers: Ardennes 1914
(Stroud, UK: Tempus, 2007), 127.

77.
WK, 4:148.

78.
Diary entry dated 5 September 1914. BHStA-KA, KTB 1914, Nachlaß Krafft von Dellmensingen 145.

79.
Diary entry dated 5 September 1914. Tagebuch Rupprecht, BHStA-GH, Nachlaß Kronprinz Rupprecht 699.

80.
Ibid.; BHStA-KA, AOK 6, KTB 2.8.14–14.3.15.

81.
Diary entry dated 5 September 1914. Tagebuch Rupprecht, BHStA-GH, Nachlaß Kronprinz Rupprecht 699.

82.
Wenninger diary dated 6 September 1914. Schulte, “Neue Dokumente,” 167.

83.
Diary entry dated 8 September 1914. BHStA-KA, KTB 1914, Nachlaß Krafft von Dellmensingen 145.

84.
Ibid. Italics in the original.

85.
Diary entry dated 7 September 1914; ibid.

86.
Diary entry dated 8 September 1914. Tagebuch Rupprecht, BHStA-GH, Nachlaß Kronprinz Rupprecht 699.

87.
Diary entry dated 8 September 1914. BHStA-KA, KTB 1914, Nachlaß Krafft von Dellmensingen 145.

88.
Diary entry dated 9 September 1914. Tagebuch Rupprecht, BHStA-GH, Nachlaß Rupprecht 699.

89.
Ibid.

90.
Wenninger diary entry dated 10 September 1914. Schulte, “Neue Dokumente,” 172.

91.
Diary entry dated 12 August 1914. BHStA-KA, KTB 1914, Nachlaß Krafft von Dellmensingen 145.

92.
Wenninger diary entry dated 7 September 1914. Schulte, “Neue Dokumente,” 170.

93.
Deuringer,
Die Schlacht in Lothringen
, 2:848.

94.
Michael S. Neiberg,
Fighting the Great War: A Global History
(Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2005), 25, puts French casualties at two hundred thousand men and forty-seven hundred officers.

95.
Der Sanitätsdienst im Gefechts-und Schlachtenverlauf im Weltkriege 1914/1918
(Berlin: E. S. Mittler, 1938), 2:342–43, 365.

96.
Ibid., 2:421, 436.

97.
Sanitätsbericht über das Deutsche Heer im Weltkriege 1914/1918
(Berlin: E. S. Mittler, 1934), 3:36.

98.
WK, 4:524.

99.
Sanitätsdienst im Gefechts-und Schlachtenverlauf im Weltkriege
, 2:31.

100.
Martin van Creveld,
Supplying War: Logistics from Wallenstein to Patton
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977), 124–30.

101.
Tuchman,
Guns of August
, 476.

102.
Walter Bloem,
The Advance from Mons 1914
(London: Peter Davies, 1930), 101.

103.
WK, 3:195, 227.

104.
Ibid., 3:231.

105.
Ibid., 3:232.

106.
Entry dated 3 September 1914.
Regierte der Kaiser? Kriegstagebücher, Aufzeichnungen und Briefe des Chefs des Marinekabinetts Admiral Georg Alexander von Müller 1914–1918
(Göttingen: Musterschmidt, 1959), 54.

107.
WK, 3:236.

108.
BA-MA, N 323/9, Nachlaß Boetticher, 5–7; Groß, “There Was a Schlifeffen Plan. Neue Quellen,” Hans Ehlert, Michael Epkenhans, and Gerhard P. Groß, eds.,
Der Schlieffen-plan. Analysen und Dokumente
(Paderborn: Ferdinand Schöningh, 2006), 139–40.

109.
WK, 3:241.

110.
Spears,
Liaison 1914
, 322.

111.
WK, 3:140, 248–49; Hermann von Kuhl,
Der Marnefeldzug 1914
(Berlin: E. S. Mittler, 1921), 124, 126; Louis Koeltz,
Le G.Q.G. allemand et la bataille de la Marne
(Paris: Payot, 1931), 372–73.

112.
WK, 3:193.

113.
“Meine Erlebnisse u. Erfahrungen als Oberbefehlshaber der 3. Armee im Bewegungskrieg 1914,” SHStA, 12693 Personalnachlaß Max Klemens Lothar Freiherr von Hausen (1846–1922) 43a, 117, 135–36, 141, 148.

114.
BA-MA, RH 61/50850, Die Tätigkeit der Fliegerverbände der 1. und 2. Armee 2–9 September 1914, 14–15, 18.

115.
Tyng,
Campaign of the Marne
, 163.

CHAPTER
8.
Climax: The Ourcq

1.
See chapter 9, AFGG, 2:550ff.

2.
Charles F. Horne, ed.,
Source Records of the Great War
(USA: National Alumni, 1923), 2:200–03.

3.
AFGG, 2:555. Galliéni formally replaced General Victor Michel on 27 August 1914.

4.
Joffre to Sixth Army, 1 September 1914. AFGG, 2:529, 589; and 2-2:281.

5.
Cited in ibid., 2:614; and 2-2:556.

6.
Ibid., 2:557, 576–77.

7.
Ibid., 2:571–72, 579; and 2-1:676.

8.
Ibid., 2:609.

9.
Ibid., 2-2:543.

10.
Joffre to army commanders, 2 September 1914. AFGG, 2-2:419–20.

11.
Ibid., 2:616; Joseph Galliéni,
Mémoires du général Galliéni: défense de Paris, 25 août 1 septembre 1914
(Paris: Payot, 1920), 95.

12.
Ibid., 112; AFGG, 2:621, 623.

13.
Robert A. Doughty,
Pyrrhic Victory: French Strategy and Operations in the Great War
(Cambridge, MA, and London: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2005), 86; also AFGG, 3:14–15.

14.
Joffre to Millerand, 3 September 1914. AFGG, 2-2:534–35.

15.
Doughty,
Pyrrhic Victory
, 89; Charles J. Huguet,
Britain and the War: A French Indictment
(London: Cassell, 1928), 91. The official history merely mentions the meeting: AFGG, 2:625.

16.
B. H. Liddell-Hart,
The Real War, 1914–1918
(Boston and Toronto: Little, Brown, 1930), 90.

17.
AFGG, 2:626; Sewell Tyng,
The Campaign of the Marne, 1914
(New York and Toronto: Longmans, Green, 1935), 215.

18.
AFGG, 2-2:658–59.

19.
Ibid., 2:665; 2-2:705; Joffre, 1:387–88.

20.
Ibid., 388.

21.
Cited in Edward Spears,
Liaison 1914: A Narrative of the Great Retreat
(London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1968), 402.