The Medieval English Landscape, 1000-1540 (44 page)

45
Palin (1844) 62–3; Kerridge (1951); Williams (1997).

46
On the significance of extensive ridge and furrow in an area of dispersed settlement, see Croft and Mynard (1993), 131–41.

47
Beresford and St Joseph (1979), 133–4; Muir and Muir (1989), 50–3, 79–81; White (1995); cf. Herring (2006), 60.

48
Taylor (1973), 96–8 and plate 6; Beresford (1979), 150–2 by P. F. Brandon; Taylor (1974), 30, 61, 67, 77; Herring (2006), 50.

49
Cameron, Delano-Smith and Wood (1980); Wheeler and Wood (1987); Beckett (1989), esp. 273–4, 316–23.

50
Rackham (1986), 337.

51
Darby (1977), 149–59; Rackham (1986), 335–6.

52
Galbraith (1974), 37–9; Darby (1977), 137–48;
Little Domesday: Norfolk
(2000), I, fos. 110v–111v.

53
Domesday Book: Cheshire
, (1978), 264c; White (1988), 11–12. There was communal grazing on this meadow, with cattle being allowed in on the Monday after the second Sunday in August, until the 1960s.

54
Darby (1971), 239–40.

55
Darby and Terrett (1954), 90–1, 140, 294–6; Darby (1971), 129–30, 183–4; cf. Rackham (1986), 334–5.

56
Darby (1977), 142–6.

57
Greig (1988), 120; Muir and Muir (1989), 187;
Eynsham Cartulary
(1908), 5; Rodwell and Rodwell (1985), 182–3.

58
Rackham (1986), 334–7.

59
Chronicle of Battle Abbey
(1980), 86–7; Searle (1974), 38–9.

60
Hall (1995), 96–9, 294.

61
Dyer (2006), 25–9; on the date of the Assize of
Novel Disseisin
, see White (2000), 205–12, 216–18.

62
Bailey (1989); Turner (2006), 188.

63
Rackham (1986), 316; Hey (2000), 196.

64
Winchester (1987), 20, 92–5, 117; on the word
skali
, cf. below,
Chapter 3
, p. 78.

65
Winchester (1987), 6, 139–43; Hey (2000), 196; Winchester (2003).

66
Accounts of the Manor and Hundred of Macclesfield, Cheshire
,
Michaelmas 1361 to Michaelmas 1362
(2003), xxiv–lxiv.

67
Hey (2000), 194–6.

68
Beresford and St Joseph (1979), 159; Platt, (1969), 67–8, 98.

69
Hey (2000), 198; Winchester (1987), 51.

70
Darby (1940), 128–40.

71
Cracknell (1959); Rackham (1986), 380–1; Reeves and Williamson (2000); Barber and Priestley-Bell (2008), 19.

72
Rackham (1986), 375–82; Taylor (2000a), 175.

73
Ravensdale (1974), 14–16, 100–1; Taylor (1973), 147.

74
Godwin (1978), 145–63; Darby (1940), 22–37; Page (1934), 416.

75
Ravensdale (1974), 48–51, 151–2.

76
Williamson (1997); Taylor (2000a), 174–8.

77
Thirsk, (1953), with quotation from Arthur Young in 1799 on p. 19.

78
Stone (2005), 43–5.

79
Darby (1940), 149–68; Darby (1956), 1–5.

80
Hallam (1965), 4–17, 40–51, 71–85; Darby (1940), 24–6, 152, 159–60, 167–8; Rackham (1986), 392–3; Darby (1956), 227–31 and plate 31.

81
Rackham (1986), 75–8; Short (2000), 133.

82
Dialogus de Scaccario
(1983), 56–61.

83
Darby (1977), 189;
PR 2 Hen.II
, 27, 30;
PR 9 Hen.II
, 36, etc.

84
Short (2000), 133; Rackham (1990), 55; Peterken (1996), 326–7.

85
Pollard, Hooper and Moore (1974), 28–31, 86–95; Peterken (1996), 17–18; Rackham (1990), 113, 132, 192.

86
Peterken (1993), 12, 44, 51–5, 310–15; Marren (1992), 10–22, 137; Rackham (1980), 1–2, though his definition of the threshold for ‘ancient woodland’ as 1700 (rather than 1600) is not now generally followed.

87
Rackham (1990), 70–5; Rackham (1975), esp. 5–168. The cutting down of trees for coppicing or pollarding should not be confused with the ‘wasting’ of woods at fn. 82, above.

88
Peterken (1993), 12–17; Peterken (1996), 784–8; Rackham (1980), 175–6.

89
Peterken (1993), 12–17.

90
Rackham (1980), 175–80.

91
ASC E
1086 (for 1087) in
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
(1953), 221; Liddiard (2003), 5–6.

92
EHD
, II, 418–20.

93
Holt (1965), 52–5, 328–9, 359–62; Rowley (1986), 121–3.

94
VCH Cheshire
, II, 178 (for the enclosure of Delamere Forest from 1813); Foot (2010), 30–1.

95
Bond (1997), 37–41.

96
Liddiard (2003a); Darby (1977), 201–7.

97
Cantor (1983), 123; Mileson (2009), 76.

98
Sykes (2007); Birrell (1992).
Henry of Huntingdon, Historia Anglorum
(1996), 20–1, describes Salisbury (close to the New Forest and also the new royal park of Clarendon) as noted for ‘wild game’, which supports Birrell’s claim that poaching was rife.

99
Bond (1997); Roberts (1997), 9–10; Bond (1994), 139; Birrell (1992), 123–4; Creighton (2009), 127–8; Rowe (2007), 133–4; Beresford (1957), 97–8, 231–5.

100
Bettey (2000), 37; Hoppitt (2007), 153.

101
Beresford (1957), 195–7; Moorhouse (2007), 108 (cf. Fig. 65, although this enclosure is of 1560–61).

102
Richardson (2007), 30–7; Winchester (2007), 175; Rackham (1986), 125–7, where it is estimated that about 50% of all parks were compartmentalized for management purposes.

103
Moorhouse (2007), 123–4; Faull and Moorhouse (1981), III, 780.

104
Chronicle of Jocelin of Brakelond
(1949), 28; Mileson (2009), 28–32; Creighton (2009), 152–3; Sykes (2007), 52–5.

105
Henry of Huntingdon, Historia Anglorum
(1996), 470–1;
William of Malmesbury, Gesta Regum Anglorum
(1998–99) I, 740, II, 372–3; Green (2005), 5.

106
Richardson (2007); Beaumont-James and Gerrard (2007); Richardson (2005), 130–2; Taylor (2000b), 42; Mileson (2009), 86–91.

107
Dialogus de Scaccario
(1983), 60;
PR 2 Hen.II
, 36, 56–7 (£15 spent on the ‘king’s houses’ at Woodstock; £5. 6s. 8d and £4. 7s. 0d. spent on those at Clarendon).

108
Register of Edward the Black Prince, Part Three: Palatinate of Chester
,
1351–65
(1932), 273; Austin, Daggett and Walker (1980); cf. Bond (1997), 31.

109
Derbyshire (2010).

110
Williamson, (2006), 6–13; the earliest documentary reference to coneys in England dates to 1135.

111
Bailey (1988); Dyer (1989), 155–56;
EHD
, V, 203.

112
Bailey (1988), 7–8; Williamson (2006), 14–66; Linehan (1966).

113
Langdon (1994), 31, fn. 81.

114
Miller and Hatcher (1978), 12–13; Darby (1977), 270–5; Langdon (1994);
VCH Cambridgeshire
, I, 357–9;
Glanvill, Tractatus de Legibus
(1965), 168–9.

115
Geoffrey Chaucer: The Canterbury Tales, a Verse Translation
(2008), 15.

116
Book of Margery Kempe
(1940), 9–11; Watts (2002), 116; Holt (1988), 166–70.

117
Holt (1988), 133–7.

118
Hoskins (1963), 126, with suggested reinterpretation in Everson and Brown (2010), 55.

119
Watts (2002), 84–9.

120
Langdon (1994), 10–11.

121
Chronicle of Jocelin of Brakelond
(1949), 59–60; Holt (1988), 171–5.

122
Salmon (1941), 88–99.

123
Taylor (1974), 57, 119.

124
Salmon (1941), 100 and plate xiii; Salmon (1966); Watts (2002), 111–13.

125
Holt (1988), 77–8, 86–7.

1
Description of England by William Harrison
(1968), 217.

2
Jones and Page, (2006), 1–2; cf. Lewis, Mitchell-Fox and Dyer (1997), 5, which has ‘most’ villages falling ‘between … 60 and 6 households’, with hamlets below that minimum; Jones (2010).

3
Jones and Page (2006), 3–5; Rippon (2008), 3; Roberts and Wrathmell (2003), 3, 11–12. For the controversy generated by the
Atlas
and its companion volume,
Region and Place
, see e.g. Taylor (2007) and Williamson (2007).

4
Oosthuizen (2010).

5
Astill (1988), 37; cf. Taylor (1983), 125.

6
Taylor (1983), 116–22; Lewis, Mitchell-Fox and Dyer (1997), 79–81.

7
Fox (1981), 89; Lewis, Mitchell-Fox and Dyer (1997), 82; Jones and Page (2006), 87–8; Taylor (1977); Williams and White (1988), 195.

8
Williamson (2003), 118–22, 160–196; Roberts and Wrathmell (2003), 55–6, 64.

9
Jones and Page (2006), 95–6; Rippon (2008), 198.

10
Brown and Foard (1998); Lewis, Mitchell-Fox and Dyer (1997), 83–95.

11
Blair (2005), 395, 411–17; Hooke (1985), 70–1.

12
Turner (2006), 98.

13
Darby (1977), 90–132, 338; Roberts and Wrathmell (2003), 56.

14
Rippon (2008), 250–68
.

15
Hoskins (1988), 164–5; Barnwell and Giles (1997), 146–54.

16
Beresford (1975), 7–9, 19–23; Beresford (1987); Taylor (1983), 122–3; Brown and Foard (1998); Mortimer (2000).

17
Gerrard and Aston (2007), 72–5, 974–8; cf. Beresford (2009), 57–8, 229–30 and Oosthuizen (2010), 118–19.

18
Chronicle of Battle Abbey
(1980), 48–67, 128–9 (quotations from pp. 63–5); Searle (1974), 23–4, 36–8; above,
Chapter 2
, p. 22.

19
Taylor (1983), 126–8; Jones and Page (2006), 94–5; above,
Chapter 2
, p. 20; quotation from Oosthuizen (2010), 131.

20
Roberts and Wrathmell (2003), 10; Brown and Taylor (1989); Roberts and Wrathmell, 86–9.

21
Jones and Page (2006), 85–9;
VCH Buckinghamshire
, I, 238, 250, 259.

22
Wade-Martins (1980); Taylor (2003), 128–9; Williamson (2003), 160–79; Rippon (2008), 182–9 (quotation on p.188); cf. for Suffolk, Warner (1987), e.g. 13–18, 44–5.

23
Bird (2007), 114–40; White (1995); Phillips and Phillips (2002), 52–3; Higham (2004), 135.

24
Sheppard (1974); Sheppard (1976); Roberts (1987), 172–3; Taylor (1983), 133–8; Roberts and Wrathmell (2002), 86–7, 112–14.

25
Winchester (1993), 12–17; Blair (1991), 58–9.

26
Roberts and Wrathmell (2002), 101–3, 108–11, where other examples are cited; Wade-Martins (1980), 49–52.

27
Auduoy and Chapman (2009), 28–30, 52–4; quotation from Taylor (1983), 146–7.