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Index
acupuncture 185, 186
adoption 121, 142–3
adultery 135
advertising 141, 173
afterlife 6, 18, 179–82, 195, 200–1, 219
AIDS 140, 146
alarm calls 47
alien abductions 175, 180, 182, 183, 188
alien implants 175, 178
Allison, Paul 160, 170, 190–1, 155, 157–8
alternative medicine 184–6, 194
alternative therapy 227
altruism 21, 147–74
definition 147
meme–driven 164–5, 168, 169, 172–4
reciprocal 76, 104, 149–56, 159, 167, 172–4, 229, 246
trick 165, 170, 181, 184, 186, 189, 193, 195, 201
American, native 113
analogue 58, 102, 213
anatta
230
apes 68, 69, 71, 97, 90
arms race 74, 109
assortative mating 124
astrology 41, 184, 231
Australopithecines 69–70, 71, 89–90
Axelrod, Robert 151
Ayatollah Khomeini 191
Baars 224
babies 112, 125, 135, 141;
see also
infants
bacteria 21, 109
Baker, Robin 129
Baldwin Effect 116–19
Baldwin, James 24, 116–17
Balzac, Honore de 131
Barnum Effect 183
Bartlett, Sir Frederic 14
Basalla, George 27–8
beauty trick 189, 192, 193, 195, 201
bees 161
Beethoven, Ludwig von 53
behaviourism 112
Bellis, Mark 129
beneficent norms 160, 170, 172, 190–1
beneficent rules 157–8
benign user illusion 225, 229, 230, 237, 238
Benzon, William 64
Berlin, Brent 113
Bible 25, 26, 192, 232
bipedalism 69, 71
birds 48,79, 118, 123, 128,
birdsong 49, 72, 78 161
birth control 135, 139–42, 143, 145, 190
birth rate 121, 144–5
Blake, William 56
blind 222
‘blind watchmaker’ 240
blood donation 152
Bloom, Paul 94–5
Boas, Franz 114
bots 217
Boyd, Robert 35, 75, 108, 120, 198
brain damage 46, 71–2
Broca’s area 72, 89
Brodie, Richard ix, 22, 45, 53, 65, 121, 135, 163, 241
Bronowski, Jacob 53
Bucke, Richard 211
Buddhism 189, 195, 199, 230–1
burial 89, 195, 200
Buss, David 126–7, 128
bystander apathy 152
Campbell, Donald 17, 29
Campbell’s Rule 17,18, 35, 62
cannibalism 34
capacity for culture 32
Cartesian Theatre 225, 226, 239
Catholicism xiv, 135, 139, 187–8, 191–2
cats 40, 43–5, 109, 139, 182–3, 237
Cavalli–Sforza, Luigi 34, 132
celibacy 134, 138–9, 143, 197
Chagnon, Napoleon 199
chain letters 7, 19, 21
Chalmers, David 237
chaos 12
Chaplin, Charlie 131
charity 164, 165–6, 169
chastity 128
cheats 42, 96, 97, 156
Cherokee 206
Chihuahua Fallacy 68
child care 123
childbirth 71, 119, 127
chimpanzees 49, 50, 69, 88, 97
Chomsky, Noam 93–4
Christianity 179–80, 181, 191, 192, 194
Churchland, Patricia 220
Cialdini, Robert 171
circumcision xiii, 135, 191
Claxton, Guy 227, 245
Cloak, F.T. 31–3, 35, 63, 64, 110
cloning 145–6
co–adapted meme–complex xiv, 19
coevolution 98, 118
gene–culture 33, 35
gene–meme 93–108, 118–19, 129, 133, 159, 162,
religion and genes 195–7
cognitive dissonance 165–6, 185
colours, naming 112–14
co–memes 168
complexity 12, 13, 28, 122
computer games 217
computers 204–18
conditioning 4, 34, 44, 45, 117
consciousness 1–3, 22, 73, 204, 206, 219–46
artificial 218, 238
consistency principle 165, 186
conspiracy theories 178, 180
contagion 46, 47
contraception 123, 129, 190
Copernicus, Nicholas 8, 32
copybots 106
copy–the-instruction xi, 61–2, 64, 213–15
copy–the-product xi, 61–2, 64, 213–15
Cosmides, Leda 111, 115
creativity 15, 131, 206, 239–40, 242
Crick, Francis xii, 221, 235
Cronin, Helena 148
Crook, John 134, 229
Csikszentmihalyi, Mihalyi 230, 241
cults 170, 187, 231
cultural fitness 34, 158
cultural instructions 31–2
cultural relativism 112–14
cultural trait 33, 34, 83
culturgen xiv, 33
Da Vinci, Leonardo 131
Daly, Martin 128
Damasio, Antonio 46
Darwin machine 15, 16, 40
Darwin, Charles 11, 56, 79, 148, 149
and language 24–5
Origin of Species
10, 56
theory of evolution by natural selection 1, 8, 10, 235
Darwin, Erasmus 10
Dawkins, Richard 4–6, 21, 28, 32–6, 53, 205, 241
altruism 152
biological advantage 30–1, 33, 108
Blind Watchmaker
240
Climbing Mount Improbable
13,28
co–adapted meme–complexes 19
definition of meme 4–6, 63–4,
extended phenotype 109–10
fidelity, fecundity, longevity 58, 100
religion 110, 138–9, 187–8, 191–2, 232
replicators and vehicles 5, 65–6, 198
The Selfish Gene
4–6, 219
virus of the mind 22, 110
Deacon, Terrence 67, 68, 97–8, 104, 108,
deaf 87, 88
death 179–82, 185, 199
deception 76
Delius, Juan xii, 64, 110
Dennett, Daniel 11, 14, 35, 53–4, 64–5, 118
and consciousness 22, 223, 225, 238
benign user illusion 225, 229, 230–1, 237–8
Cartesian Theatre 225, 226
cui bono?
30, 34,
Design Space 13, 28
evolutionary algorithm 11,63
free will 237
good tricks 101
human mind 207
intentional stance 229
Tower of Generate and Test 116–19
Descartes, Rene 219–20
Diamond, Jared 25, 26
Diana, Princess of Wales 84–5, 169, 170
dictionary viii, 8
digital x–xii, 57–8, 59, 100, 102–3, 213, 216
divination 182–4
dogs 44, 68, 148
dolphins 3–4, 50, 150, 161
Donald, Merlin 90, 98, 108
Du Preez, Peter 155
Dual Inheritance Model 35
dualism 206, 220, 225, 229
Dunbar, Robin 96–7
Durham, William 17, 35, 64, 108
Eccles, Sir John 220
Egyptians 26, 206
e–mail 140–1,212
encephalisation quotient 68
endorphins 179, 185
epidemiology ix
Eskimos 113–14
evolutionarily stable strategy 151
evolutionary algorithm 11–14, 22, 63, 94, 106, 204
evolutionary epistemology 29
evolutionary psychology 36, 41, 58, 111, 115, 121
altruism and 147–54, 166
language and 83
religion and 196
sex and 122–9
family planning 121
farming 26–7, 133
fax machine 140, 204, 212
Fayu 199
fecundity 100–7, 119, 204, 205, 208–9, 212
definition 58
Feldman, Marcus 34, 132
fidelity x, xiv, 57–8, 100–7, 119, 204–5, 208–9, 212–13
definition 58
fire 69, 78, 89, 95
Fisher, R.A. 125
foraging 73, 95, 97, 105
Fore 34
foresight 240–1
conscious 103, 142, 241
genes have no 110, 119, 122
replicators have no 13, 42, 145
fortune telling 182–4
free will 32, 33, 221, 225, 236–7, 244
Freeman, Derek 114–15
frogs 117, 123
frontal cortex 71
lobe 46
Gabora, Liane 45, 64
Gage, Phineas 71–2
Galileo 8
game theory 150
Gatherer, Derek 55
Gav 157
Gavin 154–5, 165–6
Geldof, Bob 169, 170
gene, definition 53–4
gene pool xv, 144
genetic engineering 145–6
genotype xi, 32, 59–62, 64
germ line 60, 66, 101
gorillas 50, 73, 88
gossip 96, 212
Gould, Stephen Jay 13, 17, 28, 93–4
Graham, Billy 193
grammar 87, 93–107
module 112
Universal 93–5
Grant, G. 64
greater–goodism 148, 151
green movement 168
Gregory, Richard 118
grooming 96–7, 147
group selection 148, 197–200
Haldane, J.B.S. 148
Hameroff, Stuart 220
Hamilton, William 148
handedness 72, 90
‘hard problem’ 2, 237
Hartung, J. 191
healing 30, 182, 186, 187–8, 193
heaven 179, 181, 182, 196, 200
hell 188, 196
Hendrix, Jimi 130
Hinduism 179–80, 189, 191, 199
Hofstadter, Douglas R. 18
homeopathy 182, 185
Homo erectus
69, 71, 73, 78, 89–91
Homo habilis
69, 76, 89, 123
Homo psychologicus
73, 229
Homo sapiens
69, 89–91, 123
homosexuality 123, 135, 137, 201
Hull, David 5, 29
Hume, David 226
Humphrey, Nicholas 73, 229
hunter–gatherers 27, 36, 87, 121–46, 166, 195
hunting 95, 97, 105, 109, 127, 130, 199.
hypnosis 177, 185
i–culture 31–2, 63,64
illusion of control 183–4, 185
imitation, definition 6, 47
immune system 16, 74
imprinting 34
inclusive fitness 149
incubus 177
Indians, American 113
Mexican 206
infanticide 125
infants 50, 51, 160;
see also
babies
infidelity 128
insight 75
intelligence, artificial 1, 112, 217, 218
intentional stance 229–30
intentionality 98, 162, 229
interactor 5
Internet viii–ix, xiii–xiv, 142, 216–18
inventions 26, 215
investment, parental 79
Islam 25, 190, 191, 194,201,
Jacobs, David 176
Japan 208
Japanese 207
jealousy 36, 128, 134
Johansen, Donald 69
Jones, Sir William 25
Judaism 189, 199
justice 150
Kauffman, Stuart 12
Kay, Paul 113
Kev 157, 158, 160, 168
Kevin 154–6, 165
kin selection 149–61, 190, 246
Koran 190, 191
K
-selection 100–1, 212
Lamarck, Jean–Baptiste de 10, 59, 60
Lamarckian inheritance xi–xii, 59–62, 116, 215
language 82–107, 132–3, 207–9
apes and 90
artificial 106, 218
brain areas 72
chimpanzees and 88
function of 93–107
instinct 88
monkeys and 95–7
Neanderthals and 70
origins of 82–92, 99–107, 205, 242
sign 87–8, 102
laughter 47, 72
Leakey, Richard 89
learning 4;
see also
conditioning
social 47–50, 75
leash, culture on a 32–5, 80, 111, 119, 132, 144
Libet, Benjamin 225–7
local enhancement 48
longevity 100–7, 119, 204, 205, 212–13
definition 58
Lucy 69, 89, 91
Lumsden, Charles 33, 108
Lynch, Aaron ix, 22, 64, 134, 201
Lysenko, T. D. 60
Machiavelli, Niccolo 74
Machiavellian Intelligence 74, 75–6, 95–6, 104, 229
Mack, John 176
Mackay, Charles 75
map, mental/cognitive 44, 73
marketing 141, 193
marriage 128, 134, 136–9, 169
Marx, Karl 24, 235
masturbation 135, 137
mate choice 77–81, 104–5, 124–31, 134, 197
Maynard Smith, John 59, 91
m–culture 31–2, 64
Mead, Margaret 114–15
meat eating 71, 73,157, 167
meditation 38, 42, 193, 226
meme, definition 4–6, 43, 63
buttons 121, 163
fountain 155, 157, 160, 163
phenotype 62–6
pool xiv, 41, 49, 55,86, 210
products 64, 155, 163
vehicle 63
unit of 53–4
memeplex, definition 19–20
memetic
driving 108, 116–9, 130, 133, 160, 164
engineering xiv, 193, 233
theory of altruism 155
Memetics, Journal of 8
memotype xiv, 64
Mendel, Gregor xii
mental representation 64
microtubules 220
Midgley, Mary 17
Miller, Geoffrey 131
mimesis 98
mind, theory of 75
Minsky, Marvin 2
miracles 193
monkeys 48, 49, 95–7, 102, 149