The Senator smiled deprecatingly, but the assurance relaxed him. He was a small, white-haired, red-faced man; chunky as a bulldog. He always wore a grey flannel suit, decorated with a tiny red rosebud in the lapel of his coat. He came from one of the Western States and had a slow and soothing drawl, which was at surprising odds with his appearance. For Senator Griffin looked habitually as though he was about to explode at any moment into a fury of denunciation at some outrage or another. He was really a mild man, rarely roused, but his choleric appearance was politically useful, for it had quelled many an unfriendly election audience.
The Secretary of Defence, by contrast, had a vague resemblance to a mouse. This was heightened by a habit of putting three fingers nervously against his lower lip whenever he was about to say something, as if he were afraid that his words would give offence where none was intended. The President wondered at times how the secretary ever got up the nerve to face up to some of the army and navy brass and tell them that a favourite project must be scrapped. He managed very well, as a matter of fact, though the rumour was in Washington that he was in mortal fear of his wife. At least, that was the explanation given for his leaving his office promptly at 5.30 every afternoon, whatever might be the business at hand.
The two were hardly seated before Dr. Kokintz arrived. He was, as usual, wearing a grey pullover and a pair of trousers which might once have been dark grey, but now had a green and aged look to them. His jacket was open and rumpled. It was a sports jacket of his own design. There was no collar or lapel, but there were innumerable pockets all over it in which pieces of paper and pencils could be placed. Dr. Kokintz did not like to waste time looking for a pencil or a piece of paper. The side pockets of this jacket bulged like saddle-bags on a mule. In one would be a huge pipe and an equally huge tobacco pouch. In the other would probably be his luncheon sandwich, or it might be yesterday’s luncheon sandwich. When Dr. Kokintz was busy or preoccupied he often forgot to eat.
He had a sharp white face and a mass of black hair. His eyes bulged behind thick glasses of unusual magnifying power, so that he gave the impression of being some underwater creature, which was peering cautiously and with some surprise up from its element.
“Good morning, Mr. President,” he said. “Gentlemen.” He bowed slowly and graciously to the other two. He spoke excellent English, but there was just the flavour of foreign learning of it in his inflections. It wasn’t an accent. Just a little trace of not being American born.
There was an awkward little silence. A clock chimed a dulcet stroke, marking the quarter hour, and from the terrace outside there came the sharp twittering of blue jays quarrelling.
“Do you ever feed the birds, Mr. President?” Dr. Kokintz asked. “A few crumbs and they are quite gay.” He reached for the pocket in which he kept his sandwich.
The President smiled. “We can feed the birds later,” he replied. “I have brought these gentlemen--you know, of course, the Secretary of Defence and Senator Griffin--so that they can hear about the project. You told me last night it was finished and successful. I want them to know the details. It is hardly necessary to say that nothing that is said here will be repeated.”
“Ah, yes. The project,” said Dr. Kokintz, releasing his sandwich reluctantly. “Yes. It is done. It is done. That last machine for calculating the navy loaned me, was a great help. With the others it would have taken two years. As it was, it took only a month. Of course, I was a year setting up the problems for the machine to solve. And I had to work in the hope that a machine capable of solving them would be invented. But that is all water under the bridge. Here it is.”
With some difficulty he pulled his pipe--a massive Oompaul --out of his right-hand pocket and then extricated his copious tobacco pouch. He put the pipe in his mouth and proceeded to open the pouch so that they thought for a second he was going to smoke. But instead he inserted a finger and thumb in the pouch and brought out a dull metal cylinder, not much bigger than a bobbin. He threw it on the desk, and it rolled, with little bits of tobacco clinging to it, towards the President. The latter picked it up, weighed it in his hand, and then put it down again, one eyebrow cocked in interrogation.
“Enough,” said Kokintz, “to incinerate an area of two million square miles. Perhaps more. You know how we scientists are. We cannot be sure without trying.”
The other two looked at the little cylinder with mixed curiosity and awe.
The Secretary of Defence spoke first. He put his three fingers to his lower lip, looking as nervous as a schoolboy asking a question before the whole class, and said, “What is it?”
“Quadium,” said Kokintz. “A form of hydrogen which has not existed in the universe in billions of years. It is quite impossible to say how long. When I say that it is a form of hydrogen, you must realize that I speak for the layman.” He smiled an apologetic little smile. “It is, let us say, as closely related to the hydrogen one finds in water as man is to the ape. I will not trouble you with the details of the atomic structure. It is extremely involved. The mass difference of the nucleus is the greatest yet achieved.”
“Mass difference?” queried the Secretary of Defence.
“That is an indication of the force which binds the nucleus together,” said Senator Griffin, with a touch of superiority. “It is a measure of the power which will be released when the nucleus is split. Right, Doctor?”
“Yes,” replied Kokintz. “But if we get into the details, you will be either confused or get a wrong impression. With the bomb known as the atom bomb--the plutonium bomb to be more exact--only about one tenth of one per cent of the plutonium employed is converted into energy. With the quadium bomb it will be possible to convert ten per cent of the quadium into energy. And the energy released is far more powerful, unit for unit, than that released with the plutonium bomb.
“To continue, this form of hydrogen, which, as I said, existed on this earth billions of years ago, is believed to have been the substance which made the earth a flaming planet with a temperature equivalent to perhaps a thousand times that of the surface of the sun. When this quadium had been completely exhausted, converted into denser nuclei, the earth still continued to flame for millions of years until it eventually cooled down, and life was formed on it.
“It was the quadium, we believe, which first set the fire. There is no quadium on the sun. That has all burned up eons ago. In fact, there is no quadium anywhere that we know of in the whole of space, other than that which is on the desk before you.”
“You mean
nowhere?
” asked Senator Griffin. “Nowhere but there,” said Dr. Kokintz, pointing to the tiny cylinder.
The clock struck the half-hour and the noise of it frightened the blue jays, who fled across the lawn.
“What will it do?” the President asked, at length.
Kokintz picked up the container, held it a few inches from his thick glasses, and put it down again with every evidence of loathing.
“It will do whatever may be the will of man in the way of destruction. It will make of the atomic bomb something comparatively as harmless as a child’s toy pistol. It will give to the nation which possesses it in the form of a bomb the ability to destroy a complete continent. It will, in short, make of war a strictly one-shot affair. Indeed, there is now no foreseeable limit to the power of the explosive we can manufacture from quadium, other than the amount of quadium available. We could, in theory, blow the whole of the North American continent off the face of the earth. Perhaps South America, too.”
Again there was a silence interrupted only by the plodding, purposeful ticking of the clock. The President looked at it and said, “How long, in point of time, do you think we may be ahead of the others in the discovery of quadium?”
Kokintz shrugged. “Maybe five years. Maybe only two. Somewhere between there, I would say, depending upon the amount of information which has been leaked to them. I am not myself convinced that the others have even an atomic bomb, although they may have achieved an atomic explosion. However, for safety’s sake, it would be best to assume that they have a workable atomic bomb. That is the first step to a quadium bomb.
“You know, of course, that there is a limit to the amount of power which can be released with an atomic bomb. The limit is set by the mass of fission material which is used. Only a certain amount will work. More than that, and the bomb will not explode. It is generally agreed that the most powerful atomic bomb that can be built would be the equivalent of 150,000 tons of high explosive, such as T.N.T.”
He stopped, took off his thick glasses, put them in one of the numerous pockets of his coat and screwed up his eyelids as if his eyes were hurting him. He seemed like a man who was standing in more light than a human being should be called upon to endure. It was as if he were being shrivelled by it. He hunched his shoulders and let his hands dangle before him as if they were lifeless. Then he continued.
“A deuterium bomb,” he said, “which is the bomb talked of in the newspapers as the hydrogen bomb, or hell bomb, can be made to produce an explosion fifty times as great as that of the most powerful atom bomb. That is to say the equivalent of 7,500,000 tons of T.N.T. Of that we are quite sure. The explosion could be even greater.
“Then there is the tritium bomb, for which the Press has not yet invented a name. Conservatively a tritium “bomb would release a force equivalent to the spontaneous detonation of more than 22,000,000 tons of T.N.T. It might be a far greater force than that. I am inclined to believe it would. I am talking now, of course, in terms of the use of the same quantity of deuterium and tritium in the bombs.”
“Tritium bomb?” asked the Secretary of Defence.
“Also a form of hydrogen,” Kokintz explained. “Like quadium, it does not occur in nature, but existed on the earth during its incandescent period. Lord Rutherford, the British physicist, produced the first samples in 1935. But they were regarded as a mere chemical curiosity--as indeed was deuterium when it was first produced under the name of heavy water. A future for deuterium, not as a bomb, but as an important agent in making dyes fast, was predicted. Of course, in those days, we were concerned with poison gases and flame throwers, rather than new types of explosives.
“The quadium bomb provides the ultimate weapon. One containing the same amount of quadium as there is in liquid form in that cylinder would have the explosive force equivalent to 100,000,000 tons of T.N.T. But that is a mere figure. A bomb capable of destroying a continent as big as the United States can be produced as readily as one which would destroy merely New York, Washington, Boston and Philadelphia.”
All the time he had been talking, Dr. Kokintz had remained in the curious hunched, shrivelled stance of a man caught in a blinding searchlight. He relaxed now, quite suddenly, fished his glasses out of his pocket, put them on and smiled at the other three, as if his ordeal was over.
“You believe it might take the others as long as from two to five years to produce a usable amount of quadium?” asked the President, grimly.
“I believe so,” said Kokintx. “It is first of all necessary to arrive at the exact structure of the nucleus. The calculations are involved in the extreme--I, of course had the help of the navy calculator. Then there is the designing of the aparatus and the establishing of controls. There is a great deal of radioactivity as the process develops. Two years, I believe, would be a safe estimate. Of course, we must remember that the other side has carried out extensive research into atomic nuclei using cosmic rays instead of cyclotrons. The cosmic ray is far more powerful as an atom-splitting agent than any cyclotrons we have invented. But the splitting process is much slower because of a number of factors. They may have stumbled upon the structure of the quadium atom--whch is the first step towards the creation of the element--but I am inclined to doubt it.”
“How long after they find how to produce quadium to the development of a quadium bomb?”
“That I cannot say at all. It depends on too many unknown factors. Theoretically the bomb is quite simple to make. The quadium will not explode until subjected to a temperature of fifty million degrees centigrade. Our atomic bombs achieve that temperature for a hundred billionth of a second, which is sufficient to ignite the quadium. It should not be too hard to make a quadium bomb, placing the quadium in the centre of an atomic bomb. If it is not too hard for us, it should not be too hard for them either. But the atomic bomb, as I said, is the first step. It represents the essential fuse.”
The President got up, walked to the window and looked out. “Tell me,” he said, with his back to them, “are there any other likely after effects of the explosion, apart from the appalling destruction caused by the fire and light. Any radiation or other things of that nature?”
“Several rather interesting ones,” replied Kokintz, slowly. “The neutrons released will, without a doubt, attack the nitrogen in the air, splitting the atomic nuclei and producing a substance known as carbon fourteen. The precise characteristics of carbon fourteen are not understood. But the indications are that it is extremely toxic. There is a strong suggestion that it produces sterility, not only in mammals, but also in the soil itself. If that is so, the soil over which this substance drifts and settles would become quite barren. There is also the probability that carbon fourteen may be a factor in the production of monsters, both in the animal kingdom to which, of course, man belongs, and in the vegetable kingdom as well. Carbon fourteen is a remarkably stable substance. It does not readily disintegrate. Once produced by a quadium-bomb explosion, it would drift about the earth for several centuries, destroying all that it touched.
“The after effects of the bomb, then, would be much more appalling than the explosion itself?” the President asked.
“Far worse. With a bomb containing the amount of quadium you have before you, the intense heat created would produce enormous windstorms, sweeping at hurricane force over whole continents and oceans. These windstorms would be sufficient to produce tidal waves and unprecedented damage over the greater part of the world. No one, of course, could live in the path of such a windstorm. They would be torn apart. Then again, much of the heat of these bombs is concentrated downwards to the earth. Volcanic eruptions and earthquakes might follow. It would be like heating a glass globe at one spot. The glass must be expected either to melt, or, if not melt, crack. I do not exaggerate when I say that the effect would be all that could be expected, if the sun were to be placed in contact with the earth’s surface for the space of, say, a hundred billionth of a second.”