The Queen's Bed: An Intimate History of Elizabeth's Court (68 page)

  
9
Shakespeare,
Venus and Adonis
in
The Riverside Shakespeare
, ed. G. Blakemore Evans (Boston, 1974). See also Katherine Duncan-Jones, ‘Much Ado with Red and White: The Earliest Readers of Shakespeare’s Venus and Adonis (1593)’,
Review of English Studies
, n.s., 44.176 (1993), pp. 479–504.

Chapter 48: The Physician’s Poison

  
1
Thomas Birch,
Memoirs of the Reign of Queen Elizabeth
, 2 vols (London, 1754), I, p. 150.

  
2
See Paul E. J. Hammer, ‘An Elizabethan Spy Who Came in from the Cold: The Return of Anthony Stranden to England in 1593’,
BIHR
65 (1992), pp. 277–9; L. Strachey,
Elizabeth and Essex: A Tragic History
(London, 1928), p. 27.

  
3
See Dominic Green,
The Double Life of Doctor Lopez. Spies, Shakespeare and the Plot to Poison Elizabeth I
(London, 2003).

  
4
Godfrey Goodman,
The Court of King James the First,
ed. John S. Brewer, 2 vols (London, 1839), I, pp. 152–3.

  
5
TNA SP 12/239/142; SP 12/239/150; SP 12/240/4; SP 12/240/5.

  
6
CSP Foreign
, 1591–2, pp. 322–3.

  
7
Birch,
Memoirs of the Reign of Queen Elizabeth
, p. 152; TNA SP 12/247/103. See also BL Add. MS 48027, fols 147r–184v.

  
8
Harrison,
Elizabethan Journal
, p. 281.

  
9
CSP Dom
, 1591–4, p. 446.

10
Harrison,
Elizabethan Journal
, vol. I, p. 289.

11
HMC Salisbury
, IV, p. 512.

12
Edgar Samuel, ‘Dr Rodrigo Lopes’ last speech from the scaffold at Tyburn’, in
Jewish Historical Studies
, 30 (1987–8), pp. 51–3.

13
[Anon]
A True Report of Sundry Horrible Conspiracies of Late Time Detected to Have (by Barbarous Murders) Taken Away the Life of the Queenes Most Excellent Maiestie Whom Almighty God Hath Miraculously Conserved Aaginst the Treacheries of Her Rebelles, and the Violence of Her Most Puissant Enemies
(London 1594).

Chapter 49: Love and Self-Love

  
1
L. Hicks, ‘Father Robert Persons and the Book of Succession’,
Recusant History
, vol. 4, no. 3 (1957), p. 104.

  
2
R. Doleman,
A Conference about the Next Succession to the Crown of England
(Amsterdam, 1593, reprinted 1681, London), p. 183.

  
3
For her claims see Susan Doran, ‘Three late-Elizabethan succession tracts’, in
The Struggle for the Succession in Late Elizabethan England: Politics, Polemics and Cultural Representations
, ed. Jean-Christophe Mayer (Montpellier, 2004), p. 93.

  
4
Doleman,
Conference about the Next Succession
, p. 196.

  
5
Doran, ‘Three late-Elizabethan succession tracts’, p. 95; Peter Holmes, ‘The Authorship and Early Reception of A Conference About the Next Succession to the Crown of England’,
Historical Journal,
23 (1980), pp. 415–29.

  
6
Susan Doran, ‘Revenge her Foul and most Unnatural murder? The impact of Mary Stewart’s execution on Anglo-Scottish relations’,
History
85 (2000), pp. 589–612.

  
7
13 Eliz I, c.1 printed in
Statutes
IV: 526–8.

  
8
Collins (ed.),
Letters and Memorials of State
, I, p. 357.

  
9
LPL, MS 651, fol. 122r;
Letters and Despatches of Richard Verstegan
, p. 242.

10
Collins (ed.),
Letters and Memorials
of State
, I, p. 362. See Roy Strong,
The Cult of Elizabeth,
p. 209 and Alan Young,
Tudor and Jacobean Tournaments
(London, 1987), p. 204; Paul E. J. Hammer, ‘Upstaging the Queen: The Earl of Essex, Francis Bacon and the Accession Day celebrations of 1595’, in David Bevington and Peter Holbrook (eds),
The Politics of the Stuart Court Masque
(Cambridge, 1998), pp. 41–66; R. McCoy,
The Rites of Knighthood: the Literature and Politics of Elizabethan Chivalry
(California, 1989), chapter 1.

11
CP 36/51 in
HMC Salisbury
, V, p. 484.

12
Collins (ed.),
Letters and Memorials of State
, I, p. 379; HMC De L’Isle and Dudley Papers II, p. 163.

13
Ibid., pp. 201–2.

14
Ibid., pp. 203–5.

15
Harrison,
Elizabethan Journal
, p. 70.

16
Collins (ed.),
Letters and Memorials of State
, II, pp. 17–19, 21.

17
LPL, MS 660, fol. 149r–v.

18
LPL, MS 660, fol. 281r, fol. 151r.

19
CP 55/45, printed in
HMC Salisbury
, VII, p. 391.

20
CP 55/45.

21
BL Add. MS 22925; TNA E 351/542, M59, fol. 42r.

Chapter 50: Privy Matters

  
1
Gossip from a muniment-room: being passages in the lives of Anne and Mary Fytton, 1574
–1618 (London, 1897), ed. Lady Newdigate-Newdegate, pp. 9–11.

  
2
Ibid., pp. 34–5.

  
3
Ibid., pp. 12–13.

  
4
Ibid., pp. 13–15.

  
5
Harington,
Nugae Antiquae
, II, p. 154.

  
6
Harington,
Letters and Epigrams
, p. 176.

  
7
L. Ariosto,
Orlando Furioso
, trans. G. Waldman (Oxford, 1974); Simon Cauchi, ‘The “Setting Forth” of Harington’s Ariosto’,
Studies in Bibliography
36 (1983), pp. 137–68; Miranda Johnson-Haddad, ‘Englishing Ariosto: Orlando Furioso at the Court of Elizabeth I’,
Comparative Literature Studies
, 31 (1994), pp. 323–50.

  
8
Harrison,
Elizabethan Journal
, I, pp. 14–15; Richard Townsend,
Harington and Ariosto: A Study in Elizabethan Verse Translation
(New Haven, 1940).

  
9
John Harington,
Orlando Furioso
in
English Heroical Verse
(London, 1591). The anecdote is recorded in
Nugae Antiquae
, p. x.

10
John Harington,
A New Discourse of a Stale Subject, Called the Metamorphosis of Ajax
(1596), ed. Elizabeth Story Donno (London, 1962); Jonathan Kinghorn, ‘A Privvie in Perfection: Sir John Harington’s Water-Closet’,
Bath History
, 1 (1986), pp. 173–88. See also Alan Stewart, ‘The Early Modern Closet Discovered’,
Representations
, 50 (1995), pp. 76–100.

11
The Metamorphosis of Ajax
, ed. Donno, p. 183.

12
Ibid., p. 186.

13
John Harington,
The Letters and Epigrams of Sir John Harington Together with
The Prayse of Private Life, ed. Norman Egbert McClure (Philadelphia, 1930), p. 165.

14
Harington,
The Metamorphosis of Ajax
, p. 171.

15
Harington,
Nugae Antiquae
, I, pp. 239–41.

16
Ibid., II, p. 287.

Chapter 51: Foolish and Old

  
1
Anthony Rudd,
A sermon preached at Richmond before Queene Elizabeth of Famous memorie, vpon the 28 of March, 1596
(London, 1603), pp. 49–54.

  
2
Nichols (ed.),
Progresses of Queen Elizabeth
, III, p. 8.

  
3
Rudd,
Sermon preached at Richmond
, pp. 54, 56.

  
4
The Letters of John Chamberlain
, ed. Norman Egbert McClure, 2 vols (Philadelphia, 1939), II, p. 470.

  
5
John Harington,
A Briefe Viewe of the State of the Church of England
(London, 1653), p. 162.

  
6
Ellis (ed.),
Original Letters
, vol. II, p. 53.

  
7
Clapham,
Elizabeth of England
, p. 90.

  
8
Edmund Bohun,
The Character of Queen Elizabeth
(London, 1693), pp. 301–2.

  
9
A journal of all that was accomplished by Monsieur de Maisse
, pp. 25–6.

10
Ibid., pp. 25–6, 36–7.

11
Ibid., pp. 36–7.

12
Ibid.

13
Ibid., pp. 25–6.

14
These were all recorded in an inventory of July 1600. BL Stowe MS 555/7; Arnold,
Queen Elizabeth’s Wardobe Unlock’d
, pp. 251–334.

15
Harington,
Nugae Antiquae,
II, p. 215.

16
Arnold,
Queen Elizabeth’s Wardobe Unlock’d
, pp. 4–5.

17
Collins (ed.),
Letters and Memorials of State
, II, p. 155.

18
A journal of all that was accomplished by Monsieur de Maisse
, p. 12.

19
Ibid., p. 82.

Chapter 52: Mask of Youth

  
1
TRP
, II, pp. 240–1.

  
2
APC
1596–7, p. 69. See Roy Strong,
Gloriana
, p. 20.

  
3
APC
1596–7, p. 69.

  
4
Marie Axton,
The Queen’s Two Bodies: Drama and the Elizabethan Succession
(London, 1977), p. 12.

  
5
Nanette Salomon, ‘Positioning women in visual convention’, pp. 64–95; David Howarth,
Images of Rule: Art and Politics in the English Renaissance, 1485–1649
(Basingstoke, 1997), p. 101.

  
6
Arnold,
Queen Elizabeth’s Wardrobe Unlock’d
, pp. 82, 85.

Chapter 53: The Poisoned Pommel

  
1
Richard Walpole’s younger brother Henry Walpole was the celebrated Jesuit martyr who was executed at Tyburn for illegally entering England and accused of plotting to assassinate Elizabeth.

  
2
Francis Bacon,
A Letter Written out of England … containing a True Report of a Strange Conspiracy
(London, 1599); M[artin] A[rray],
The Discovery and Confutation of a Tragical Fiction
(Rome, 1599).

  
3
See Francis Edwards, ‘Sir Robert Cecil, Edward Squier and the Poisoned Pommel’ in
Recusant History
, 25.3 (2001), pp. 377–414.

  
4
The Letters of John Chamberlain
, I, p. 34.

  
5
TNA SP 52/62/39; TNA SP 52/62/43; TNA SP 52/62/46.

  
6
APC
, 1598–9, p. 506. See also Francis Edwards (ed. and trans.),
The Elizabethan Jesuits: Historia missionis Anglicanae Societatis Jesu (1660) of Henry More
(London, 1981), p. 279.

  
7
TNA SP 12/83, 86, 89, 91; TNA KB/8/55; Francis Bacon,
A Letter Written out of England
which may confidently be ascribed to Francis Bacon and which is based on Squires’ own statements; Walpole’s testimony is echoed by Martin Array in a pamphlet giving the Jesuit side of the case,
The Discovery and Confutation of a Tragical Fiction
, but it seems Array based his narrative only on Walpole’s own statement.

  
8
TNA MS KB 8/55.

  
9
Liturgies and Occasional Forms of Prayer
, pp. 679–82.

10
TNA SP 12/224/112; TNA SP 12/247/61; TNA SP 12/268/144–5. See also Edwards, ‘Sir Robert Cecil, Edward Squier’, pp. 377–414.

Chapter 54: Crooked Carcass

  
1
See James Shapiro,
1599. A Year in the Life of William Shakespeare
(London, 2005), p. 57.

  
2
Harrison,
Elizabethan Journal
, p. 287.

  
3
Camden,
Annales
, pp. 771–2.

  
4
Harrison,
Elizabethan Journal
, p. 132.

  
5
TNA SP 12/268/45; Birch,
Memoirs of the reign of Queen Elizabeth
, II, p. 387.

  
6
TNA SP 12/268/18.

  
7
Collins (ed.),
Letters and Memorials of State
, II, pp. 166–7.

  
8
The Letters of Philip Gawdy of West Harling, Norfolk and London: 1579–1616
, ed. Isaac Herbert Jeayes (London, 1906), p. 137.

  
9
HMC, De L’Isle, II, pp. 265, 322.

10
Letters of Philip Gawdy
, p. 137.

11
Paul Hentzner’s Travels in England
, pp. 33–4. See Louis Montrose, ‘“Shaping Fantasies”: Figurations of Gender and Power in Elizabethan culture’,
Representations
I, no. 2 (1983), pp. 61–94.

Chapter 55:
Lèse Majesté

  
1
Harrison (ed.),
Letters of Queen Elizabeth
, p. x.

  
2
Devereux,
Lives and Letters
, II, pp. 40–1.

  
3
John Stow and Edmund Howes,
The Annales, or Generall Chronicle of England
(London, 1615), p. 788.

  
4
Chamberlin,
Private Character of Queen Elizabeth
, p. 110.

  
5
Thomas Platter’s Travels in England
, p. 192.

  
6
Ibid.
,
p. x.

  
7
Collins (ed.),
Letters and Memorials
of State
, II, p. 127.

  
8
Ibid., p. 196.

  
9
Ibid., p. 129.

10
Ibid., p. 132.

11
Ibid., p. 151.

12
Ibid., pp. 158–9.