The Red Army Faction, a Documentary History, Volume 1 (113 page)

5
Walter Griebel was the prosecutor in the case at hand.

6
In German
“unter vier Augen”
; this is an obvious reference to the Nazi term for a meetings involving only Hitler and one of his close associates. The content of these discussions was meant to stay between the two men.

1
Hammelsgasse,
a street in an upper class neighbourhood in Frankfurt, could be translated literally as Mutton Alley; a play on words referencing sheeps being led to the slaughter is intended.

1
Roughly forty cents.

2
Roughly $11.20.

3
Steal Me.

1
German has two forms of the singular you;
du,
which is used with social inferiors, younger people, and very close friends, and
Sie,
which is the polite form of address. What the writer is saying is that patronizing behaviour should be answered with patronizing behaviour.

2
Roughly thirty cents.

3
Max Güde, a former Nazi, and at the time a member of parliament for the CDU.

4
A reference to a poem by Soviet poet Samuel Marschak about a woman bringing her valued possessions with her to the train station, the title of which in German is
Die Sieben Sachen
(which would translate as “Seven Suitcases” in English).

1
A neologism combining the author Thorwald Proll’s last name and
solidarisch,
the German word for solidarity.

2
The version of this text on Ronald Augustin’s website is dated March 1968, however we believe this is an error, as the arson in question was only committed in April 1968.

3
Places where disenfranchised youth could be found. RAF members had previously worked with such young marginalized youth in the “apprentices collectives.” Some of these young people became members of the RAF and were involved in the action to free Baader.

1
A reference to Georg Linke, the sixty-four-year-old librarian at the Institute for Social Studies who was shot during the action to free Baader. This shooting led to substantial criticism, even from otherwise sympathetic leftists.

2
A reference to the Hand Grenade Law passed shortly after Baader’s prison break, whereby police in West Berlin were equipped with hand grenades, semi-automatic revolvers, and submachine guns.

3
Kurt Neubauer was a member of the SPD and the Berlin Senator for Youth and Sports.

4
General William Westmoreland was Commander of the U.S. troops in Vietnam from 1964 to 1968 and army Chief-of-Staff from 1968 to 1972.

5
A neighborhood in West Berlin.

6
A working-class suburb of West Berlin.

7
The women’s prison at Plötzensee.

1
This version is close to that in
Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse Tung
(Peking: Foreign Languages Press, 1966), 15. Please note, however, that in keeping with the German translation, the ending here differs slightly from the standard English translation, which reads simply “achieved a great deal in our work.”

2
Ibid., 230.

1
The
Freikorps
were right-wing paramilitary groups that sprang up in the period following World War I; many were later integrated into the Nazi rise to power. The Feme was a secret medieval court which meted out the death sentence, the bodies of its victims generally being left hanging in the streets.

2
Eduard Zimmermann was TV moderator for the German equivalent of Crimewatch. This program was used in the search for RAF members.

3
Günther Voigt was a West Berlin arms dealer. A pistol that could be linked to him was dropped during the Baader liberation. Voigt fled to Switzerland where he gave an interview that led to his arrest, claiming he was involved in the liberation of Baader.

4
Friedrich Dürrenmatt was a Swiss playwright and essayist.

1
Berlin refers to the Knesebeckstr. arrest mentioned above. On December 21, 1971, RAF member Ali Jansen was arrested following a shootout at a police roadblock in Nuremberg. On February 10, 1971, police in Frankfurt opened fire on Astrid Proll and Manfred Grashof, who escaped unharmed.

2
Friedrich Zimmermann (CDU) was, at this time, the Chairman of the CDU/CSU parliamentary faction.

3
Expelled from the Italian Communist Party in 1969,
Il Manifesto
was an influential group in the Italian autonomist movement, having 6,000 members in 1972. They advocated council communism, whereby decisions would be made by workers’ councils, not by a vanguard party or state.
Il Manifesto
was extremely influential for the entire European New Left. The quote comes from a manifesto of 200 theses issued by the group in 1971.

1
Rainer Barzel was, at this time, the party Chairman of the CDU.

1
An SDS campaign encouraging soldiers to desert from the
Bundeswehr,
the West German Army.

1
Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung
(Peking: Foreign Languages Press, 1967). The first of these two paragraphs comes from pages 299-300, the second from page 304.

2
Marxists Internet Archive “Lenin’s What is to be Done? Trade-Unionist Politics and Social Democratic Politics,”
http://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1901/witbd/iii.htm
.

1
George Lukacs was an influential Hungarian Marxist philosopher and art critic. His work greatly influenced the New Left of the 60s and 70s.

2
Mao Tse-Tung “Analysis of the Classes in Chinese Society,” Marxists Internet Archive,
http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-1/mswv1_1.htm
.

3
Regis Debray was a French Marxist intellectual and a proponent of foco theory, the theory that a small group of guerillas could act as an inspiration to revolutionary activity. He joined Che Guevara on his ill-fated Bolivian adventure.

1
Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse Tung
(Peking: Foreign Languages Press, 1966), 74.

2
A campaign to stop the building of a massive dam in Mozambique, then a Portuguese colony. The right-wing Portuguese government had plans to settle over one million European colonists in the African country. By 1969, five German companies were implicated in the project. There were protests in the FRG, particularly in Heidelberg, against the project when the U.S. Minister of Defense Robert McNamara visited the country.

1
Stokely Carmichael was a prominent militant in the Black Liberation Movement in the United States, playing a leading role in the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) and then the Black Panther Party.

2
Westdeutscher Rundfunk,
West German Radio.

1
The Red Cells were an independent university-based Marxist organization.

2
Willy Weyer (SPD) was, at this time, the Minister of the Interior for North Rhine Westphalia and a key proponent of the militarization of the police force.

3
At the time a member of
Gruppe 47,
Günter Grass is one on the most significant German post-World War II authors and a noted liberal.

1
Unlike North America, suburbs in Northern Europe are generally occupied by the subproletariat and poorly paid immigrant workers.

2
Gauche Prolétarienne
was a French Maoist organization that, in 1968, began attempts to build a factory-based guerilla group. They were banned in 1970.

3
Eldridge Cleaver was the Minister of Information for the Black Panther Party. When the party splintered into warring factions, he went into self-imposed exile in Algeria. He is the author of several books, including
Soul on Ice,
from which this quote is drawn.

1
He would eventually receive a ten year sentence for allegedly shooting at police. (Associated Press, “German Draws 10-year term,”
European Stars and Stripes
, July 27, 1972.)

2
Baumann, 53.

1
Varon, 199.

2
Margrit Schiller in
Baader Meinhof: In Love With Terror
.

3
Helmut Pohl’s Testimony at the Stammheim Trial, July 29, 1976. This testimony is available on the internet at
http://www.germanguerilla.com/red-army-faction/documents/76_0708_mohnhaupt_pohl.html#22
.

4
Philip Jacobson, “Show Trial,”
Sunday Times Magazine
, February 23, 1975, 17.

5
Aust, 141.

1
United Press International, “U.S. Hunts German Terrorists,”
Pacific Stars and Stripes
, July 23, 1978.

2
Becker,
Hitler’s Children: The Story of the Baader-Meinhof Gang
. Please note that this book, written by a right-wing South African journalist, is counterinsurgency tripe. Nevertheless, it has been used for specific details like dates and places, when no other source is available.

1
LA Times—Washington Post Service, “West Germany’s ‘Bonnie and Clyde’ Have Country in an Uproar,”
The Lawton Constitution
, December 3, 1972. Margrit Schiller being dragger into press conference by Hamburg police. could not in fact be tied to any RAF actions, and so was simply charged with illegal possession of a firearm and false identification papers. In February 1973, she received a twenty-seven-month sentence, but was released pending an appeal, at which point she went back underground, only to be captured again in 1974. (United Press International, “Raided Flat is Suspected Anarchist Hq.”
European Stars and Stripes
, October 28, 1971;
European Stars and Stripes
“Released from Custody,” February 11, 1973; Associated Press, “Raids in German Cities Smash New Terror Ring,”
European Stars and Stripes
, February 5, 1974.)

2
The Georg von Rauch House still exists today, housing approximately forty itinerant youth at any given time.

3
Baumann, 95.

4
Vague, 42-43.

5
United Press International, “Paper Says Macleod was a British Spy,”
European Stars and Stripes
, July 3, 1972.

6
Associated Press, “Trial starts in Munich for accused Meinhof-gang munitions supplier,”
European Stars and Stripes
, September 26, 1973. Pohle went to trial in 1973, charged with possession of firearms and support for a criminal organization under §129; during the trial, he spit at reporters and refused to acknowledge his court appointed lawyers. While he denied the charges against him, and repeatedly claimed that he was not a member of the RAF, he maintained solidarity with the guerilla. In 1974, he was sentenced to six and a half years in prison, a term which he did not serve without some interruptions.

7
Freie Arbeiterinnen- und Arbeiter-Union, “Nachruf auf Rolf Pohle,”
https://www.fau.org/artikel/art_040308-182546
.

1
Aust, 190.

2
Ibid., 190-191.

3
Cobler, 41.

4
Robert Spaemann, “Kaffee, Kuchen und Terror,”
Die Zeit
[online], 19 (1998).

5
Aust, 140.

6
Ruhland testified against Horst Mahler, Ali Jansen, and Astrid Proll amongst others. Several years later, after the Stammheim deaths, Ruhland was once again trotted out as an “old comrade” of the prisoners in order to explain how they must have felt suicidal. (United Press International, “Suicide Victim Died of Despair— Comrade,”
Raleigh Register
, November 14, 1977).

7
Heinrich Hannover, “Terrorsitenprozessen,”
^{http://www.freilassung.de/div/texte/kronzeuge/heinhan1.htm.}

8
Andreas Eichler, “Die RAF und die Medien.” This document is reprinted in this volume: Andreas Baader: Letter to the Press, see pages 120-121.

1
Tilman Fichter, interview by Philipp Gessler and Stefan Reinecke, “The anti-Semitism of the 68ers.”

2
Komitees gegen Folter,
Der Kampf Gegen die Vernichtungshaft
(n.p.) (n.d.), 131.

3
Gabriele Goettle, “Die Praxis der Galaxie,”
die tageszeitung
, July 28, 2008.

4
In 1977, Grashof received a life sentence for murder and other offenses; Grundmann received four years on lighter charges (Associated Press, “2 German Terrorists Given life,”
European Stars and Stripes
, June 3, 1977.)

5
Becker, 273.

6
David Binder, “‘Republic of West Berlin’ Suggested by Radical Group,”
Charleston Gazette
, November 7, 1968. Whereas young men living in West Berlin were already exempt from the draft, those who lived elsewhere and had already been drafted were liable to prosecution if they deserted.

7
Aust, 203.

8
Ibid., 181.

1
Ibid.

2
Gerard Braunthal,
Political Service and Public Loyalty in West Germany: the 1972 decree against radicals and its consequences
(Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1990), 36-37.

3
Monica Jacobs, “Civil Rights and Women’s Rights in the Federal Republic of Germany Today,”
New German Critique
16 Special Feminist Issue (Winter 1978): 166.

4
Braunthal, 42.

5
Ibid., 43.

6
Georgy Katsiaficas,
Subversion of Politics: European Autonomous Social Movements and the Decolonization of Everyday Life
(Oakland: AK Press, 2006), 64.

7
Ibid.

8
Aust, 192.

9
Time Magazine
[online], “Battle of Berlin,” July 3, 1972.

10
Rote Armee Fraktion,
Texte und Materialien zur Geschichte der RAF
, (Berlin: ID-Verlag, 1997), 82.

1
See Appendix V—Strange Stories: Peter Homann and Stefan Aust, on pages 557-58.

2
United Press International, “Meinhof-Al Fatah Ties Described,”
European Stars and Stripes
, October 19, 1972.