Read The Red Army Faction, a Documentary History, Volume 1 Online
Authors: J. Smith
On the Liberation of Andreas Baader (Ulrike Meinhof, September 13, 1974)
The Bombing of the Bremen Train Station (December 9, 1974)
The Nature of the Stammheim Trial: The Prisoners Testify (August 19, 1975)
No Bomb in Munich Central Station (September 14, 1975)
The Bombing of the Hamburg Train Station (September 23, 1975)
The Bombing of the Cologne Train Station (November 1975)
10 THE MURDER OF ULRIKE MEINHOF
meinhof: the suicide-murder debate
Jan-Carl Raspe: On the Murder of Ulrike Meinhof (May 11, 1976)
Fragment Regarding Structure (Ulrike Meinhof, 1976)
Two Letters to Hanna Krabbe (Ulrike Meinhof, March 19 & 23, 1976)
Letter to the Hamburg Prisoners (Ulrike Meinhof, April 13, 1976)
Interview with
Le Monde Diplomatique
(June 10, 1976)
11 MEANWHILE, ELSEWHERE ON THE LEFT…
(AN INTERMISSION OF SORTS)
RZ Letter to the RAF Comrades (December 1976)
Monika Berberich Responds to the Alleged RZ Letter (January 10, 1977)
Andreas Baader: On the Geneva Convention (June 2, 1977)
13 DARING TO STRUGGLE, FAILING TO WIN
Fourth Hunger Strike (March 29, 1977)
The Assassination of Attorney General Siegfried Buback (April 7, 1977)
Statement Calling Off the Fourth Hunger Strike (April 30, 1977)
The Assassination of Jürgen Ponto (August 14, 1977)
Statement Breaking Off the Fifth Hunger Strike (September 2, 1977)
The Attack on the BAW (September 3, 1977)
The Schleyer Communiqués (September–October, 1977)
Operation Kofr Kaddum (SAWIO, October 13, 1977)
SAWIO Ultimatum (October 13, 1977)
Final Schleyer Communiqué (October 19, 1977)
APPENDIX I: EXCERPTS FROM THE
FRANKFURTER ALLGEMEINE ZEITUNG
APPENDIX II: THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION
OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND THE RAF PRISONERS
APPENDIX III: THE FRG AND THE STATE OF ISRAEL
APPENDIX IV: THE GENEVA CONVENTION: EXCERPTS
APPENDIX V: STRANGE STORIES:
PETER HOMANN AND STEFAN AUST
APPENDIX VI: THE GERMAN GUERILLA’S
PALESTINIAN ALLIES: WADDI HADDAD’S PFLP (EO)
ARMED STRUGGLE IN W. GERMANY: A CHRONOLOGY
NOTE ON SOURCES AND METHODOLOGY
Projectiles for the People, Volume One
of
The Red Army Faction: A Documentary History,
is an important exposition of what it means to wage armed struggle as an urban guerilla in the post WWII western imperial-capitalist paradigm. Via the fast-turning pages of
Projectiles,
Smith and Moncourt usher us through the RAF’s emergence in Germany from a moribund and constrained left opposition misdirected and suppressed by U.S. imperialism and a quisling bourgeoisie. The RAF’s “projectiles for the people” documented their political, practical, intellectual, and emotional trajectory into taking up and using the gun in service of revolutionary communist class war.
Projectiles
brings us their voices and links their context to ours.
Projectiles
shows us how the RAF engaged in people’s warfare without descending into adventurism. It reveals how the guerilla was able to work with apparently unlikely allies and eschew involvement with ostensibly likely ones based on sophisticated analysis of the demands of conditions, time, and place. It illustrates how the comrades were able to internalize the trauma of frequently fatal mistakes and defeats as well as the euphoria of correct practice and victories. It explains how the organization recognized and responded to the enemy’s slanderous campaign of vilification aimed at creating a false opposition to the underground.
Projectiles,
in this exploration of these and many other elements of RAF praxis, thus illustrates that and how the RAF developed arguably the highest expression of armed struggle in the late capitalist first world.
Projectiles for the People
is more than a dry historical treatise, however; it is a highly accessible rendition of a story of struggle that puts us into both the thought and the action. That placement conveys more than a sense or understanding of the RAF’s praxis. It transmits a connection in a visceral way. Not since reading
Ten Days that Shook the World
have I been so drawn into a political narrative. Reading like a historical thriller notwithstanding,
Projectiles
lets us see a rare confluence of theory and practice of which anyone who aspires to make revolution should be aware. The RAF may no longer be with us, but it has prepared the ground for and can yet aid the current movement for the most equitable social reality in which all people will have the greatest possible freedom to develop their full human potential. Nowhere else has the RAF’s life, times, and legacy been so clearly laid out.
In today’s world ANYONE who dares to raise their voice against ANYTHING being heaped on them by those in power needs to read this book. The repressive methods that the West German state brought to bear against the RAF—detailed by the authors—have been adopted, universalized, and refined, and can be found in use in a prison, jail, detention center or other “holding facility” not far from you.
In the throes of the worst economic crisis since the Great Depression, world-wide capital—led by U.S. imperialism—is possibly in the endgame struggle, not of Marx’s “Socialism or Barbarism,” but of what is beginning to be understood by a majority of our planet’s humans: 21st century capitalism/imperialism… equals EXTERMINISM!
The prison isolation and torture methods detailed in this volume are one of the repressive forces’ last ditch efforts to arrest the global material forces that signal their demise.
After being subjected to similar methods of isolation and torture for decades, I can only offer one piece of advice: either stand up and struggle against this monster—and face the horrors detailed in this book—or lay down and accept the idea (and reality) that 21st century capital/imperialism—unchecked—will destroy EVERYTHING it comes into contact with.
Bill Dunne was captured on October 14, 1979. He had been shot three times by police, and according to the state had been involved in an attempt to break a comrade out of the Seattle jail, as part of an unnamed anarchist collective. In 1980, he received a ninety-five-year sentence, and in 1983 had a consecutive fifteen years with five concurrent added due to an attempted escape. As he has stated, “The aggregate 105 years is a ‘parole when they feel like it’ sort of sentence.”
In 1970, Russell “Maroon” Shoats was accused of an attack on a Philadelphia police station in which an officer was killed. He went underground, functioning for eighteen months as a soldier in the Black Liberation Army. In 1972, he was captured and sentenced to multiple life sentences. He escaped twice—in 1977 and 1980—but both times was recaptured. Most of his time in prison, including at present, has been spent in isolation conditions, locked down 22 to 24 hours a day.
Many, many people were very helpful to us as we worked on this book.
Many, many more had already laid the basis for our study through years of hard work providing a voice for the underground. In the days before the internet, a number of movement publications took responsibility for translating and distributing texts by illegal groups like the Red Army Faction. In this regard, we would like to thank those who worked on
Resistance
(based in Vancouver, Canada in the 1980s),
Arm the Spirit
(based in Toronto, Canada in the 1990s), and
l’Internationale
(based in France, 1983-1984). While it did not specifically focus on the guerilla, the Toronto-based newspaper
Prison News Service
, which appeared in the 1980s and early 1990s, is worth also mentioning in this regard.
We must certainly thank Maspero, the French publisher, several of whose books were of great use to us, as well as Nadir, Extremismus, Zeitgesichte, and the Marxist Internet Archive, all of which maintain excellent websites.
Anthony Murphy translated the RAF’s
The Urban Guerilla Concept
in 2003; while we did not end up using his version, we are nevertheless grateful for his work and assistance.
This project would have been impossible in its present form if not for the excellent Rote Armee Fraktion Collection of the International Institute of Social History, Amsterdam, maintained online as an archive by former RAF member Ronald Augustin. We are grateful to both the IISH and to Augustin in particular.
Many of the graphics in this book come from the book and CD
Vorwärts bis zum nieder mit,
compiled by Sebastian Haunss, Markus Mohr, and Klaus Viehmann from a variety of archives and published by Verlag Assoziation A. The interested reader can view the entire contents of this CD online at
http://plakat.nadir.org/
. All those involved in producing this artwork, and the book and website in question, have our thanks.
Dan Berger and Matthew Lyons provided very useful feedback to earlier drafts of our text. Henning Böke, Jutta Ditfurth, comrades from the Parti Communiste Marxiste-Léniniste-Maoïste, members of the Leftist Trainspotters and Marxmail email lists, all provided very useful answers to questions regarding the West German radical left and
the guerilla. Muhammad Abu Nasr provided helpful insight into the Palestinian resistance, specifically around the Black September action in Munich. Romy Ruukel provided much needed help and advice, proof reading the text and teaching us how to compile a bibliography. Many others provided great assistance to us in this project, yet would rather not be named here. They too have our thanks.
It should go without saying that none of these individuals or groups are likely to agree with everything we have stated in this book, nor do they necessarily approve of the conclusions we have drawn. It goes without saying that they have no responsibility for any errors contained herein.
Finally, and with our tongues planted firmly in our cheeks, we would like to thank the U.S. military for creating the internet, without which this project might not have been possible.
In preparing these texts, we consulted the many existent versions in both French and English. However, in each case these translations were found to have serious shortcomings. Not surprisingly, many of them, the work of committed activists whose grasp of German was limited, were marred by erroneous translation—usually these errors were predictable given the complexity of the German language. In no few cases, segments of the original text were found to be missing from the available translations. It was also not uncommon to encounter what might best be called transliteration—the translator “adjusted” concepts to suit the milieu for which he or she was translating the document. The end result of this latter phenomenon was often, however unintentional, the ideological distortion of the original document—usually only slight in nature, but occasionally egregious. Perhaps the oddest thing we encountered on more than a few occasions was the existence of accretions in the translated documents we referred to; usually only a phrase or a sentence or two, but occasionally entire paragraphs.
After several months of poring over the existing translations, hoping to tweak them into publishable shape (about two thirds of the documents in this book existed in some form of translation in the two languages accessible to us), we were obliged to accept the inevitable: all of the documents we hoped to use would have to be checked against the originals before going to publication. Then began the task of hunting down the originals, a process greatly facilitated by the existence of several online sources, including an indispensible website maintained by former RAF prisoner Ronald Augustin.
1
Of no less importance was the discovery, in pdf form, of the entire 1997 ID-Verlag book,
Texte und Materialien zur Geschichte der RAF
on the Nadir website.
2
With these two resources in hand, we had all the documents we needed to complete this book save a small handful that we tracked down elsewhere.
The process of translation we used was to some degree unique. Only one of the two “translators” was actually conversant in German, and so it fell to him to prepare the translations. Once a document was translated, he would forward it to the other “translator” who would meticulously
examine it and make suggestions for improving (de-Germanizing) the English used. These suggested changes—always numerous—would then be checked against the original to assure that the intent was not being skewed. This process would usually involve two or three rounds of the document going back and forth between the translators, before a finalized version acceptable to both of us was arrived at. On three occasions, each involving a single sentence, neither of us was happy with the other’s proposal and so a compromise had to be arrived at—this would affect in total approximately a half a page of the book you are holding. The end result was that no document in this book was examined fewer than three times and most of the major ones were examined at least five or six times.
Are we saying that these translations are perfect? Undoubtedly not. In a project of this grandeur, involving the translation of between four and five hundred pages, disagreements about decisions we made and interpretations we arrived at are de facto inevitable, as are errors—hopefully none of them significant.