Read The Red Velvet Turnshoe Online
Authors: Cassandra Clark
chaperon | fourteenth-century capuchon, a hood or cowl often of fantastic shape |
char | covered passenger vehicle giving us the word char-a-banc |
Cistercian | monastic order founded in 1098 in Citeaux, France (Roman town Cistercium). Established in England by twelfth-century and became successful international traders in English wool, especially in the Yorkshire abbeys of Fountains, Rievaulx, Jervaulx and Meaux |
coif | close-fitting cap for men and women worn at all levels of society, usually ties under the chin |
Conversi | lay brothers and sisters who worked the land and tended the animals |
Corrodian | lay person living in a monastery in return for services |
dagged | sleeves cut in patterns that often trail to the floor. Seen in many illuminated manuscripts |
hauberk | shirt of interleaved steel rings |
houppeland | long gown with sleeves either buttoned all the way down or just at the neck, has a high neck often with a pie-crust frill, worn by both men and women. |
kennet | medieval breed of terrier |
kirtle | loose gown or tunic |
(k)naker | small drum worn on the belt |
liripipe | long point on a hood that could hang down the back or be coiled up round the head like a turban |
lymer | medieval stag hound bred to hunt in silence |
mazer | hardwood drinking bowl, often ornately carved |
palfrey | saddle horse, especially for women |
rebec | stringed and bowed musical instrument |
reliquary | container for holy relics |
sacristan | church official with responsibility for movables such as sacred vessels and vestments |
scrip | leather bag worn on the belt used for coins, herbal remedies and so forth |
shawm | medieval woodwind instrument like an oboe |
vair | squirrel fur, sometimes called miniver |
1338-1453 | Hundred Years’ War between England and France. |
1348-9 | Black Death kills nearly half the population of Europe. |
1377 | Richard of Bordeaux (son of the Black Prince and the Fair Maid of Kent) is crowned, aged 10, as King Richard II of England |
1378 | Papal Schism. Two rival popes, one in Rome, one in Avignon, divide Europe. |
1381 | Social upheaval and the imposition of the third poll tax leads to the Peoples’ Revolt. It is brutally repressed. |
1382 | King Richard, now 15, marries Anne, 16, sister of the King of Bohemia. Wyclif’s ‘bible’ appears in English. |
1383 | The Oxford free-thinkers are outlawed. The pope calls for excommunication. Flanders, essential for England’s wool trade, falls under the control of the count of Mâle in alliance with the duke of Burgundy. The Flemish weavers are put to the sword. |
1385 | With his uncle, John of Gaunt, Richard leads an expedition into Scotland. In August his mother, Princes Joan of Kent, dies of a broken heart when Richard’s half-brother is accused of murder and Richard is forced to banish him. |