Chapter 5. Lost and Found: Hollander, Mandelbaum, and the Poetry of Exile
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 | 1. Holtz, "Midrash," 179.
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| 2. Isaac Bashevis Singer,
The Collected Stories
(New York: Farrar Straus Giroux, 1982), 14.
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| 3. George Steiner, "North of the Future,"
The New Yorker
(August 28, 1989): 95.
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| 4.
Poems of Paul Celan,
trans. Michael Hamburger (New York: Persea Books, 1988), 161.
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| 5. John Hollander,
Spectral Emanations: New and Selected Poems
(New York: Atheneum, 1978), 37. Subsequent references appear in the text.
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| 6. Harold Bloom,
Figures of Capable Imagination
(New York: Seabury Press, 1976), 254.
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| 7. Bloom,
Agon,
307.
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| 8. Mandelbaum,
Chelmaxioms,
xvi. Subsequent references appear in the text.
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| 9. Bloom,
Agon,
313.
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| 10. Stevens,
Collected Poems,
17.
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| 11. See Hans Robert Jauss,
Toward an Aesthetic of Reception,
trans. Timothy Bahti (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1982). According to Jauss,
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| | If one characterizes as aesthetic distance the disparity between the given horizon of expectations and the appearance of a new work, whose reception can result in a "change of horizons" through negation of familiar experiences or through raising newly articulated experiences to the level of consciousness, then this aesthetic distance can be objectified historically along the spectrum of the audience's reactions and criticism's judgment (the spontaneous success, rejection or shock, scattered approval, gradual or belated understanding.) (25)
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