Read The Secrets of Station X Online
Authors: Michael Smith
Page
200
Mahon on Banburismus: TNA PRO HW 25/2, Mahon, History of Hut 8, pp.16–18.
Pages
201
–
202
Twinn on Banburismus process: interview with Peter Twinn, May 1998.
Pages
203
–
204
Halcrow: interview with Marjorie Halcrow, June 1998.
Page
205
Welchman on Freeborn: Welchman,
Hut Six Story
, pp.181–2.
Page
206
U-Boat sinking of allied shipping: Hinsley,
British Intelligence
, Vol. 1, p.169.
Pages
207
–
208
Maclennan: Smith,
Station X
, pp.91–3.
Page
209
Numbers of Wrens working on Bombes and where: TNA PRO HW 3/164, History of Sqn-Ldr Jones’ section, the Bombe Hut, 1940–45.
Page
210
Quirk: interview with Barbara Quirk, May 1998.
Page
211
Joan Baily: Smith,
Station X
, pp.93–4.
Page
212
German preparations for occupation of the Balkans: Hinsley, British Intelligence, Vol. 1, pp.353–73. Tiltman and Rocket: Hinsley & Stripp,
Codebreakers
, p.116.
Page
213
Tiltman: Ralph Erskine & Peter Freeman, ‘Brigadier John Tiltman: One of Britain’s Finest Cryptologists’,
Cryptologia
27, 2003.
Pages
214
–6 P. W. Filby, ‘Floradora and a Unique Break into One-Time Pad Cyphers’,
Intelligence and National Security
, Vol. 10, No. 3 (Autumn 1995).
Pages
215
–7 Milner-Barry and Welchman and expansion of Hut 6
operations
: TNA PRO HW 43/1, Birch, History of Sigint, p.206; HW 43/70, History of Hut 6, p.6.
Page
216
Light Blue broken: TNA PRO HW 43/70,
History of Hut 6
, p.4; F. H. Hinsley et al.,
British Intelligence in the Second World War
, Vol. 2, HMSO, London, 1981, p.660.
Page
217
Italian codes and cyphers: Hinsley,
British Intelligence
, Vol. 1, pp.198–205.
Pages
218
–21 Matapan: interview with Mavis Batey, May 1998; Batey,
Dilly,
pp.114–28; Dear & Foot (eds),
Oxford Companion
, pp.190–91.
Pages
219
–3 Crete: TNA PRO HW 3/174, The Use of ‘U’ in the Mediterranean and North West African Theatres of War, pp.3–4; HW 43/1, Birch, History of Sigint, p.215; Ralph Bennett, Ultra and Mediterranean Strategy 1941–1945, Hamish Hamilton, London, 1989, pp.51–62.
Page
220
Herivel on Crete: interview with John Herivel, May 1998.
Pages
221
–5 Bismarck: Hinsley & Stripp,
Codebreakers
, pp.53–5, 103; Hinsley,
British Intelligence
, Vol. 1, pp.342–5.
Page
222
Kennedy on Bismarck:
Kennedy Diaries
, 27 May 1941.
Pages
223
–6 Krakow assembly: TNA PRO HW 1/3, Large troop movement April 3: Romania to Krakow; Hinsley,
British Intelligence
, Vol. 1, pp.451, 460, 465.
Page
224
Hut 3 report: Smith,
Station X
, p.99.
Page
225
Distressing decrypts; Hinsley,
British Intelligence
, Vol. 2, pp.669–73.
Page
226
Move to Chicksands from Chatham: TNA PRO HW 43/1, Birch, History of Sigint, p.192.
Page
227
Messages broken by Tiltman and then in Hut 5: TNA PRO HW 3/82, Notes on Military Section – German Police Section; HW 14/4, Denniston to Menzies, 29 April 1940.
Page
228
Message on 1,153 Jewish plunderers: TNA PRO HW 16/45, selected reports illustrating GP (German Police) war crimes in Russia and the Ukraine, 18 July 1941.
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229
3,274 Partisans: TNA PRO HW 16/45, 4 August 1941, item 9.
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230
More than 30,000: TNA PRO HW 16/45, 7 August 1941, item 24.
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231
Bletchley Park analyst: TNA PRO HW 16/6, bound volume of BP GP periodic summaries, p.4.
Page
232
Winston Churchill, BBC broadcast, 24 August 1941.
Pages
233
–30 Germans kill 367 Jews: TNA PRO HW 1/30, Police Regiment South Shot 367 Jews, 28 August 1941.
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234
Germans kill 603 Jews: TNA PRO HW 1/35, Partisans and Jews shot, 30 August 1941.
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235
Germans kill 1,342 Jews: TNA PRO HW 16/45, 25 August 1941.
Page
236
Cypher changing twice a day: TNA PRO HW 3/155, History of the GC&CS German Police Section 1939–45.
Page
237
1,246 Jews killed: TNA PRO HW 1/40, Report for Himmler that Soviets are retreating, 1 September 1941.
Page
238
Killings for 30 August to 11 September: TNA PRO HW 16/45, 30 August 1941, 31 August 1941, 2 September 1941, 6 September 1941; HW 1/51, item 6.
Page
239
Gathering of evidence: Michael Smith, ‘Bletchley Park and the Holocaust’,
Intelligence and National Security
, Vol. 19, No. 2 (Summer 2004), pp.271–2.
Pages
240
–5 Cunningham: interviews with Charles Cunningham, May 1998.
Page
241
Looting of Winter Palace: Smith,
Station X
, p.104.
Page
242
Welchman on Churchill visit: Welchman,
Hut Six Story
, p.128.
Page
243
Herivel: interview with John Herivel, May 1998.
Page
244
Churchill on ‘no stone unturned’: Brian Oakley,
The Bletchley Park War Diaries
, Bletchley Park Trust, 2011, p.67.
Page
245
Kennedy:
Kennedy Diaries
, 6 September 1941.
Page
246
Lavell: interview with Ann Cunningham, May 1998.
Pages
247
–9 Codebreakers’ letter and Churchill ‘Action This Day’ minute: TNA PRO HW 1/155.
Page
248
Milner-Barry: TNA PRO HW 43/70, History of Hut 6, p.7.
Page
249
Rebuilding programme: TNA PRO HW 14/21-24 passim.
Page
250
Tiltman sets up intelligence school: TNA PRO HW 43/1, Birch, History of Sigint, p.168.
Pages
251
–42
Daily Telegraph
crossword puzzle: correspondence with the late Stanley Sedgewick.
Pages
252
–3 Y stations: TNA PRO HW 3/92, History of UK Military Sigint, pp.197–8, 204–207; HW 43/1, Birch, History of Sigint, p.192.
Page
253
Joan Nicholls: Smith,
Station X,
pp.112–3.
Page
254
Lever: interview with Mavis Batey, May 1998.
Pages
255
–4 Abernethy: interview with Barbara Eachus, May 1998.
Page
256
Maclennan and Lydekker: Smith,
Station X
, p.115.
Pages
257
–5 Lavell: interview with Ann Cunningham, May 1998.
Page
258
Prestwich: interview with John Prestwich, May 1998.
Pages
259
–6 Milner-Barry on discipline: TNA PRO HW 43/70, History of Hut 6, p.24.
Page
260
Lavell on tolerance: interview with Ann Cunningham, May 1998.
Pages
261
–52 Co-operation with Americans: see TNA PRO HW 14/45 (This file contains a copy of the undertaking signed by Currier not to reveal to anyone other than Safford what he had received from the British and an exchange of messages about the initial difficulty the Americans had understanding the British paper model of Enigma due to a missing document which was later found to have been mislaid in Washington); HW 4/25; ADM 223/297; ADM 199/1477; Prescott Currier, ‘My Purple Trip to England in 1941’,
Cryptologia
, Vol. 20, No. 3, 1996; Prescott Currier, NSA Oral History OH-38-80, November 1980; various
conversations with Barbara Eachus (née Abernethy); Ralph Erskine, ‘Churchill and the Start of the Ultra-Magic Deals,’
International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,
Vol. 10, 1997; Ralph Erskine, ‘The Holden Agreement on Naval Sigint: The First BRUSA?’,
Intelligence and National Security
, Vol. 14, No. 2 (Summer 1999). Safford: Laurance F. Safford, ‘A Brief History of Communications Intelligence in the United States’, March 1952 (obtained from the Federation of American Scientists website
Pages
262
–3 Eachus: Smith,
Station X
, pp.169, 179.
Pages
263
–4 Double Cross System: Erskine & Smith (eds),
Bletchley Park Codebreakers,
pp.255–6.
Page
264
Details of code sent to GC&CS: TNA PRO KV 2/453, Robertson to Vivian, 19 September 1939. Alert operator and GC&CS scepticism: John Curry,
The Security Service 1908–45: The Official History,
PRO, London, 1999, pp.206–207.
Pages
265
–5 Broken by Gill and Trevor-Roper and creation of GC&CS Abwehr section: ibid, pp.178–179, 206–207; TNA PRO ADM 223/793, ‘ISOS’, 25 September 1945.
Page
266
Operations of XX Committee: Erskine & Smith (eds),
Bletchley Park Codebreakers
, pp.255–7.
Pages
267
–7 Knox working on Abwehr Enigma: Erskine & Smith (eds),
Bletchley Park Codebreakers
, pp.270–81.
Pages
268
–8 Knox on need to have access to Abwehr material: TNA PRO HW 25/12, Knox to Denniston, undated but beginning: ‘As I think you are aware…’
Page
269
Knox ‘a small grouse’: TNA PRO HW 14/23, Knox to Denniston, 10 November 1941.
Pages
270
–60 Denniston Rolls-Royce response: TNA PRO HW 14/22, Denniston to Knox, 11 November 1941, folio 105.
Page
271
Denniston on breaking of Abwehr Enigma: TNA PRO 14/24, Folio 53, Denniston to Menzies, 10 December 1941.
Page
272
Lever solution of GGG: Batey,
Dilly
, p.145.
Page
273
Robertson on messages: Michael Howard,
British Intelligence in the Second World War
, Vol. 5, HMSO, London, 1990, pp.20–21.
Page
274
Keynes quote: Batey,
Dilly
, p.166.
Pages
275
–3 Denniston on Strachey: TNA PRO HW 14/3, Denniston to Travis, 16 November 1940.
Page
276
Foss setting up Japanese section and remit: TNA PRO HW 43/1, Birch, History of Sigint, p.408–9, 445–6.
Pages
277
–4 Browning on Foss: Elizabeth Hawken,
Recollections of Bletchley Park
, the unpublished memoirs of Elizabeth Hawken (née Browning), kindly provided to the author by her daughter Miss S. C. J. Hawken.
Page
278
Senyard: TNA PRO HW 3/135, The History of Miss Senyard’s Party, p.33.
Pages
279
–7 Revues: various conversations with Barbara Eachus (née Abernethy); interview with Pamela Rose (née Gibson); interview with Christine Brooke-Rose, May 1998; correspondence with the late Stanley Sedgewick; Smith,
Station X
, p.118.
Page
280
Lavell: interview with Ann Cunningham, May 1998.
Page
281
Diana Russell Clarke: interview with Diana Barraclough, May 1998.
Pages
282
–9 Rows in Hut 3 and reorganisation: TNA PRO HW 3/119, Lucas, History of Hut 3, p.34; HW 43/1, Birch, History of Sigint, pp.436–442. Denniston ‘very bitter’: Robin Denniston,
Thirty Secret Years
, p.122.
Pages
283
–71 Bennett and Rose on Denniston and Hut 3: Smith,
Station X
, p.123.
Pages
284
–2 Dönitz on U-Boat cyphers: Patrick Beesly,
Very Special Intelligence
, Sphere, London, 1978, p.219.
Page
285
U-570 and British solving wiring of new wheel: Erskine &Smith (eds),
Bletchley Park Codebreakers
, p.171; David Kahn,
Seizing the Enigma
, Arrow, London, 1996, p.214.
Page
286
Mahon: TNA PRO HW 25/2, Mahon, History of Hut 8, pp.55, 62.
Page
287
Change to Shark: TNA PRO HW 25/1, Alexander, Cryptographic History of Work on the German Naval Enigma, pp.36–7.
Page
288
Wylie dismay: Smith,
Station X
, p.144.
Page
289
OIC Tracking Room: TNA PRO ADM 223/92, OIC Report No. 86, 9 February 1942.
Page
290
Noskwith: interview with Rolf Noskwith, May 1998.
Page
291
BP researches being too academic: Smith,
Station X
, p.146.
Page
292
Sailors abandoned: Budiansky,
Battle of Wits
, p.280.
Pages
293
–7 Noskwith on guilt: Erskine & Smith (eds),
Bletchley Park Codebreakers
, p.189.
Pages
294
–8 Drumbeat and US failure to institute convoys: Dear & Foot (eds),
Oxford Companion
, p.66.
Page
295
Hinsley on doubly fortunate: Hinsley,
British Intelligence
(Abridged), HMSO, London, 1993, p.158.
Page
296
U-Boat successes: Hinsley,
British Intelligence
, Vol. 2, p.679.