The Spy Who Loved: The Secrets and Lives of Christine Granville (57 page)

23
Józef Kasparek, ‘Poland’s 1938 Covert Operations in Ruthenia’,
East European Quarterly,
vol. XXIII, no. 3 (1989), p. 370. See also Józef Kasparek,
The Carpathian Bridge: a Covert Polish Intelligence Operation
(1992).

24
TNA, HS7/162, SOE histories, Hungary: ‘Hungarian Section History compiled by Major GI Klauber’.

25
TNA, HS9/588/2, ‘Statement by “X”’, (23.2.1941).

26
Carton de Wiart,
Happy Odyssey,
p. 157.

27
Foot,
SOE: An Outline History,
p. 8.

28
Wilkinson,
Foreign Fields,
p. 72.

29
Ibid., pp. 72, 75.

30
Ibid., p. 75.

31
Bailey,
Forgotten Voices,
p. 3.

32
Wilkinson,
Foreign Fields,
p. 83.

33
Patrick Leigh Fermor, ‘The One-Legged Parachutist: Send for a Blacksmith!’, the
Spectator
(1.1.1989); Maria Pienkowska interview (June 2011); conversation with Mary
ś
Skarbek, née Tarnowska, childhood neighbour and friend of Andrzej Kowerski (April 2011).

34
Patrick Leigh Fermor, ‘The One-Legged Parachutist: Send for a Blacksmith!’, the
Spectator
(1.1.1989).

35
Wladimir Ledóchowski, ‘Christine Skarbek-Granville’, p. 41.

36
Wazacz,
No Ordinary Countess,
Barbara Kowerska Pienkowska interview.

37
Masson,
Christine: SOE Agent,
p. 44.

38
Ibid., p. 44.

39
Andrzej Kowerski-Kennedy quoted ibid., p. 44.

40
Masson,
Christine: SOE Agent,
p. 45.

41
This bridge was later bombed in the Russo-German battle for Budapest in 1944.

42
Andrzej Kowerski-Kennedy quoted in Masson,
Christine: SOE Agent,
p. 48.

43
Ibid.

44
Ibid., p. 51.

45
TNA, HS9/612, ‘“Madame Marchand” (Madame Gizycka)’ (11.3.1940).

46
Ibid., ‘From DH11 for DHM’ (11.3.1940).

47
Ibid., ‘From DH11 for DHM’ (11.3.1940).

48
Bailey,
Forgotten Voices,
p. 11.

49
TNA, HS9/612, ‘Madame Marchand and Freedom Station’ (22.4.1940).

50
Bailey,
Forgotten Voices,
p. 11.

51
TNA, HS9/612, ‘“Madame Marchand” (Madame Gi
ż
ycka)’ (11.3.1940).

52
Wilkinson,
Foreign Fields,
p. 90; also Wladimir Ledóchowski, ‘Christine Skarbek-Granville’, p. 99.

53
Wilkinson,
Foreign Fields,
p. 90.

54
TNA, HS9/612, ‘Madame Marchand’ (11.3.1940).

55
TNA, HS9/588/2, ‘Statement by “X”’ (23.2.1941).

56
TNA, HS9/612, ‘“Madame Marchand” (Madame Gizycka)’ (11.3.1940).

4: POLISH RESISTANCE

1
Bill Stanley Moss, ‘Christine the Brave’,
Picture Post,
vol. 56, no. 11 (13.9.1952), p. 14.

2
TNA, HS9/588/2, ‘Statement by “X”’ (23.2.1941).

3
Musson,
Christine: SOE Agent,
p. 52.

4
Wladimir Ledóchowski, ‘Christine Skarbek-Granville’, p. 55.

5
Ibid., p. 56.

6
TNA, HS9/612, ‘Draft citation for Krystyna Gi
ż
ycka (Christine Granville)’ (nd).

7
Ibid.

8
Henryk Szymanski, B
ę
czkowice parish priest, Poland.

9
Wladimir Ledóchowski,
The Diary,
p. 110.

10
Davies,
God’s Playground,
vol. 2, p. 435.

11
Terry Charman, ‘Hugh Dalton, Poland and SOE’, in Seaman (ed.),
Special Operations Executive,
p. 66.

12
Moorhouse,
Killing Hitler,
p. 93.

13
Ibid., p. 94; also Davies,
Rising ’44,
p. 87.

14
Moorhouse,
Killing Hitler,
p. 102.

15
See Adam Zamoyski, ‘The Underground Factory: Poland in 1939–45’,
History Today
(1974).

16
Ibid.

17
See Zamoyski,
Poland.

18
Wladimir Ledóchowski,
The Diary,
p. 109.

19
IWM, Gubbins Papers (4.1.1950), Peter Wilkinson talk entitled ‘Gubbins: A Resistance Leader’ (28.4.1990).

20
See Howarth,
Undercover,
p. 58, and Moorhouse,
Killing Hitler,
p. 97.

21
Stirling, Nał
ę
cz, Dubiki (eds),
Intelligence Co-operation,
p. 185.

22
Leski,
A Checkered Life,
p. 107; also Howarth,
Undercover,
p. 68.

23
Leski,
A Checkered Life,
chapter 1.

24
See Buczek,
The Musketeers.

25
Stirling, Nał
ę
cz, Dubiki (eds),
Intelligence Co-operation,
p. 185.

26
The Polish Dictionary of National Biography,
vol. 18 (1973), p. 472.

27
Leski,
A Checkered Life,
p. 106.

28
See Buczek,
The Musketeers;
also Masson,
Christine: SOE Agent,
p. 59.

29
Leski,
A Checkered Life,
p. 106.

30
TNA, HS9/612, ‘Draft citation for Krystyna Gi
ż
ycka (Christine Granville)’ (nd).

31
TNA, HS9/588/2, ‘Statement by “X”’ (23.2.1941) (X is Christine).

32
TNA, HS9/612, ‘DH11 to DH1 and DHM’, British Section D internal report (14.4.1940). DH11 was Hubert Harrison in Budapest.

33
Ibid.

34
Ibid.

35
Wladimir Ledóchowski, ‘Christine Skarbek-Granville’, pp. 76–7.

36
TNA, HS9/612, ‘DH11 to DH1 and DHM’, British Section D internal report (14.4.1940).

37
Christopher Kasparek, ‘Krystyna Skarbek: Re-viewing Britain’s legendary Polish agent’,
The Polish Review,
XLIX, no. 3 (2004), pp. 945–53.

38
TNA, HS9/612, ‘DH11 to DH1 and DHM’, British Section D internal report (14.4.1940).

39
Gordimer, ‘Vladimir Ledóchowski’.

40
Wladimir Ledóchowski, ‘Christine Skarbek-Granville’, pp. 104–5.

41
Wladimir Ledóchowski,
The Diary,
p. 112; also Wladimir Ledóchowski, ‘Christine Skarbek-Granville’, p. 80.

42
Wladimir Ledóchowski, ‘Christine Skarbek-Granville’, p. 83.

43
Jan Ledóchowski, ‘Christine Granville’, p. 6.

44
Wladimir Ledóchowski,
The Diary,
p. 117.

45
Wladimir Ledóchowski, ‘Christine Skarbek-Granville’, p. 86.

46
Wladimir Ledóchowski,
The Diary,
pp. 118–20.

47
Ibid.

48
Wladimir Ledóchowski, ‘Christine Skarbek-Granville’, p. 93.

49
Wladimir Ledóchowski,
The Diary,
pp. 118–20, and Wladimir Ledóchowski, ‘Christine Skarbek-Granville’, p. 94.

50
Wladimir Ledóchowski, ‘Christine Skarbek-Granville’, p. 94.

5: A STRING OF ARRESTS

1
Wladimir Ledóchowski, ‘Christine Skarbek-Granville’, p. 98.

2
Ibid., p. 100.

3
Wladimir Ledóchowski,
The Diary,
p. 129.

4
Wladimir Ledóchowski, ‘Christine Skarbek-Granville’, p. 50.

5
Wladimir Ledóchowski,
The Diary,
p. 132.

6
Ibid., p. 132.

7
TNA, HS9/612, Letter Jerzy Gi
ż
ycki to Section D (5.4.1940).

8
Ibid., Letter from Section D to Jerzy Gi
ż
ycki (12.4.1940).

9
Ibid., Letter Jerzy Gi
ż
ycki to Section D (21.5.1940).

10
O’Malley papers, Kate O’Malley, ‘Harrison’s agent, Mme Gi
ż
ycka’.

11
TNA, HS9/588/2, ‘Statement by “X”’ (23.2.1941).

12
Ibid.

13
TNA, PREM 3/351/3, 1940 Poland, General 1, ‘To PM, 14 November 1940’, from Dalton.

14
Andrzej Kowerski-Kennedy quoted in Masson,
Christine: SOE Agent,
p. 63.

15
Christopher Kasparek, ‘Krystyna Skarbek: Re-viewing Britain’s legendary Polish agent’,
The Polish Review,
XLIX, no. 3 (2004), pp. 945–53.

16
Bill Stanley Moss, ‘What Makes a First-Class Secret Agent’, unknown newspaper (
c.
1952).

17
Wladimir Ledóchowski, ‘Christine Skarbek-Granville’, p. 119.

18
Wladimir Ledóchowski,
The Diary,
p. 135.

19
IWM Sound Archive, 8682, Basil Risbridger Davidson.

20
Ibid.

21
Wladimir Ledóchowski,
The Diary,
pp. 133, 140.

22
Wladimir Ledóchowski, ‘Christine Skarbek-Granville’, p. 113.

23
Ibid., p. 114.

24
Ibid., p. 115.

25
Wladimir Ledóchowski,
The Diary,
p. 143, also Wladimir Ledóchowski, ‘Christine Skarbek-Granville’, p. 117.

26
TNA, HS9/612, Jerzy Gi
ż
ycki, in Paris, to X3 (6.6.1940).

27
Ibid., Draft Citation for Kristina Gi
ż
ycka (Christine Granville) (nd,
c.
1944/5).

28
Wladimir Ledóchowski,
The Diary,
p. 145.

29
Wladimir Ledóchowski, ‘Christine Skarbek-Granville’, p. 122.

30
Wladimir Ledóchowski,
The Diary,
p. 150.

31
They were following the Poprad–Muszyna line through Slovakia to Nowy Sacz in Poland. See Wladimir Ledóchowski, ‘Christine Skarbek-Granville’, p. 132.

32
Wladimir Ledóchowski,
The Diary,
p. 156.

33
Wladimir Ledóchowski, ‘Christine Skarbek-Granville’, p. 138.

34
TNA, HS9/588/2, ‘Statement by “X”’ (23.2.1941).

35
Wladimir Ledóchowski,
The Diary,
p. 156.

36
Ibid.

37
Wladimir Ledóchowski, ‘Christine Skarbek-Granville’, p. 309.

38
TNA, HS9/588/2, ‘Statement by “X”’ (23.2.1941).

39
O’Malley,
Phantom Caravan,
p. 208.

40
Celt,
By Parachute to Warsaw,
p. 55.

41
TNA, HS9/612, Jerzy Gi
ż
ycki to SOE, London (1.7.1940).

42
Ibid., Jerzy Gi
ż
ycki to X3 (nd).

43
TNA, HS9/588/2, Jerzy Gi
ż
ycki, ‘W to AD1, 23.11.40’.

44
TNA, HS9/668, SOE personal files, Hubert Harrison, memo (30.6.1940).

45
Bridge,
A Place to Stand,
p. 149.

46
IWM Sound Archive, 8682, Basil Risbridger Davidson.

47
TNA, HS9/612, ‘Extracts copied as citations’ (1.12.1945) and HS9/612, ‘Krystyna Gizycka (alias Christine Granville)’ (1945/6); also TNA, HS9/830/3, Kowerski-Kennedy, dob 18.4.1912, ‘Army form W3121: Andrew Kowerski-Kennedy recommended for MBE (Military Division) by Lt Col Philip Rea for Major General Colin McVean Gubbins (absent on duty)’ (nd).

48
TNA, HS9/612, ‘Extracts copied as citations’ (1.12.1945).

49
Porter,
Operation Autonomous,
p. 73.

50
Sunday Pictorial,
Ross Richards, ‘Girl Spy’ (19.8.1956).

51
Gi
ż
ycki, ‘Winding Trail’, p. 415.

52
Sunday Pictorial,
Ross Richards, ‘Girl Spy’ (19.8.1956).

53
Bill Stanley Moss, ‘Christine the Brave’,
Picture Post,
vol. 56, no. 12 (20.9.1952).

54
Wladimir Ledóchowski, ‘Christine Skarbek-Granville’, p. 48.

55
See Masson,
Christine: SOE Agent,
pp. 67–8.

56
TNA, HS9/612, George Taylor’s records relating to ‘Madame Marchand’ (23.11.1940).

57
O’Malley,
Phantom Caravan,
p. 199.

58
Bridge,
Tightening String,
p. 18.

59
Davidson,
Special Operations Europe,
p. 77.

60
Ibid.

61
Bailey,
Forgotten Voices,
p. 15.

62
O’Malley,
Phantom Caravan,
p. 208.

63
TNA, HS7/162, SOE histories 113, Hungary, ‘Hungarian Country Section’ report compiled by Major G. I. Klauber with reference to reports by Lt Col B. R. Davidson, Lt Col Boughey, Lt Col Threlfall, Major J. G. Coates and others (nd).

64
TNA, HS9/612, ‘Krystyna Gi
ż
ycka (alias Christine Granville)’.

65
TNA, HS4/291, Poland 206, Sir Owen O’Malley to Harold Perkins (21.6.1944).

66
O’Malley,
Phantom Caravan,
p. 205.

67
Masson,
Christine: SOE Agent,
p. 66.

68
Bridge,
Facts and Fictions,
p. 83.

69
Wladimir Ledóchowski, ‘Christine Skarbek-Granville’, p. 169.

70
Bridge,
A Place to Stand,
p. 67.

71
Wazacz,
No Ordinary Countess,
Erica de Bosdari interview. De Bosdari worked at the British Legation in Budapest.

72
TNA, HS9/612, ‘Krystyna Gizycka (alias Christine Granville)’ (late 1945/early 1946).