The Viral Storm (35 page)

Read The Viral Storm Online

Authors: Nathan Wolfe

Herwaldt, B. L. “Laboratory-Acquired Parasitic Infections from Accidental Exposures.”
Clinical Microbiology Reviews
14, no. 4 (2001): 659–88; doi:10.1128/CMR.14.3.659-688.2001.

Houff, S. A., et al. “Human-to-Human Transmission of Rabies Virus by Corneal Transplant.”
New England Journal of Medicine
300 (1979): 603–4.

Kahn, A. “Regaining Lost Youth: The Controversial and Colorful Beginnings of Hormone Replacement Therapy in Aging.”
Journal of Gerontology: Biological Sciences
60A, no. 2 (2005): 142–47; doi:10.1093/gerona/60.2.142.

Korber, B., M. Muldoon, J. Theiler, F. Gao, R. Gupta, A. Lapedes, B. H. Hahn, S. Wolinsky, and T. Bhattacharya. “Timing the Ancestor of the HIV-1 Pandemic Strains.”
Science
288, no. 5472 (2000): 1789–96; doi:10.1126/science.288.5472.1789.

Marx, P. A., P. G. Alcabes, and E. Drucker. “Serial Human Passage of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus by Unsterile Injections and the Emergence of Epidemic Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Africa.”
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
356, no. 1410 (2001): 911–20; doi:10.1098/rstb.2001.0867.

Mejia, G. A., et al. “Malaria in a Liver Transplant Recipient: A Case Report.”
Transplantation Proceedings
38, no. 9 (2006): 3132–34; doi:10.1016/j.transproceed.2006.08.187.

Morgenthaler, J. J. “Securing Viral Safety for Plasma Derivatives.”
Transfusion Medicine Reviews
15, no. 3 (2001): 224–33; doi:10.1053/tmrv.2001.24590.

Palacios, G., et al. “A New Arenavirus in a Cluster of Fatal Transplant-Associated Diseases.”
New England Journal of Medicine
358, no. 10 (2008): 991–98.

Paradis, K., G. Langford, Z. Long, W. Heneine, P. Sandstrom, W. M. Switzer, L. E. Chapman, C. Lockey, D. Onions, and E. Otto. “Search for Cross-Species Transmission of Porcine Endogenous Retrovirus in Patients Treated with Living Pig Tissue.”
Science
285, no. 5431 (1999): 1236–41; doi:10.1126/science.285.5431.1236.

Pike, R. M. “Laboratory-Associated Infections: Incidence, Fatalities, Causes, and Prevention.”
Annual Review of Microbiology
33, no. 1 (1979): 41–66; doi:10.1146/annurev.mi.33.100179.000353.

“Pneumocystis Pneumonia—Los Angeles.”
MMWR
30, no. 21 (June 5, 1981): 250–52.

Poinar, H., M. Kuch, and S. Pääbo. “Molecular Analyses of Oral Polio Vaccine Samples.”
Science
292, no. 5517 (2001): 743–44; doi:10.1126/science.1058463.

Pybus, O. G., P. V. Markov, A. Wu, and A. J. Tatem. “Investigating the Endemic Transmission of the Hepatitis C Virus.”
International Journal for Parasitology
37 (2007): 839–49; doi:10.1016/j.ijpara.2007.04.009.

Rambaut, A. L. “Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Phylogeny and the Origin of HIV-1.”
Nature
410 (2001): 1047–48; doi:10.1038/35074179.

Rudolf, V. H. W., and J. Antonovics. “Disease Transmission by Cannibalism: Rare Event or Common Occurrence?”
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
274, no. 1614 (2007): 1205–10; doi:10.1098/rspb.2006.0449.

Schreiber, G. B., M. P. Busch, S. H. Kleinman, and J. J. Korelitz. “The Risk of Transfusion-Transmitted Viral Infections.”
New England Journal of Medicine
334 (1996): 1685–90.

Sewell, D. L. “Laboratory-Associated Infections and Biosafety.”
Clinical Microbiology Reviews
8, no. 3 (1995): 389–405.

Simmonds, P. “Reconstructing the Origins of Human Hepatitis Viruses.”
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
356, no. 1411 (2001): 1013–26; doi:10.1098/rstb.2001.0890.

Smith, D. B., S. Pathirana, F. Davidson, E. Lawlor, J. Power, P. L. Yap, and P. Simmonds. “The Origin of Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes.”
Journal of General Virology
78 (1997): 321–28.

*Specter, M.
Denialism: How Irrational Thinking Hinders Scientific Progress, Harms the Planet, and Threatens Our Lives.
New York: Penguin, 2009.

Srinivasan, A., et al. “Transmission of Rabies Virus from an Organ Donor to Four Transplant Recipients.”
New England Journal of Medicine
352, no. 11 (2005): 1103–11.

“The Tattoos.” Ötzi the Iceman. South Tyrol Museum of Archaeology, 2008;
http://www.iceman.it/en/node/262
.

Victoria, J. G., C. Wang, M. S. Jones, C. Jaing, K. McLoughlin, S. Gardner, and E. L. Delwart. “Viral Nucleic Acids in Live-Attenuated Vaccines: Detection of Minority Variants and an Adventitious Virus.”
Journal of Virology
84, no. 12 (2010): 6033–40; doi:10.1128/JVI.02690-09.

“Voronoff Patient Tells of New Life.”
New York Times
, October 6, 1922.

8: VIRAL RUSH

Alpers, M. P. “Review. The Epidemiology of Kuru: Monitoring the Epidemic from Its Peak to Its End.”
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
363, no. 1510 (2008): 3707–13; doi:10.1098/rstb.2008.0071.

Ambrus, J. L., Sr., and J. L. Ambrus, Jr. “Nutrition and Infectious Diseases in Developing Countries and Problems of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome.”
Experimental Biology and Medicine
229 (2004): 464–72.

Associated Press. “Century-Old Smallpox Scabs in N. M. Envelope.”
USATODAY.com
, December 26, 2003.

Bellamy, R. J., and A. R. Freedman. “Bioterrorism.”
Quarterly Journal of Medicine
94 (2001): 227–34; doi:10.1093/9jmed/94.4.227.

Burke, D. S. “Recombination in HIV: An Important Viral Evolutionary Strategy.”
Emerging Infectious Diseases
3, no. 3 (1997): 253–59.

De Rosa, P.
Vicars of Christ: The Dark Side of the Papacy
. New York: Crown, 1988.

Ducrot, C., M. Arnold, A. De Koeijer, D. Heim, and D. Calavas. “Review on the Epidemiology and Dynamics of BSE Epidemics.”
Veterinary Research
39, no. 4 (2008): 15; doi:10.1051/vetres:2007053.

Fishbein, L. “Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies, Hypotheses and Food Safety: An Overview.”
Science of the Total Environment
217, nos. 1–2 (1998): 71–82; doi:10.1016/50048-9697(98)00164-8.

*Garrett, L.
The Coming Plague: Newly Emerging Diseases in a World Out of Balance.
New York: Penguin, 1995.

Harman, J. L., and C. J. Silva. “Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy.”
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
234, no. 1 (2009): 59–72.

LeBreton, M., O. Yang, U. Tamoufe, E. Mpoudi-Ngole, J. N. Torimiro, C. F. Djoko, J. K. Carr, A. Tassy Prosser, A. W. Rimoin, D. L. Birx, D. S. Burke, and N. D. Wolfe. “Exposure to Wild Primates among HIV-infected Persons.”
Emerging Infectious Diseases
13, no. 10 (2007): 1579–82.

Li, Y., et al. “Predicting Super Spreading Events during the 2003 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Epidemics in Hong Kong and Singapore.”
American Journal of Epidemiology
160, no. 8 (2004): 719–28; doi:10.1093/aje/kwh273.

Morris, J. G., Jr., and M. Potter. “Emergence of New Pathogens as a Function of Changes in Host Susceptibility.”
Emerging Infectious Diseases
3, no. 4 (1997): 435–41.

Ratnasingham, S., and P. D. N. Hebert. “Bold: The Barcode of Life Data System (
http://www.barcodinglife.org
).”
Molecular Ecology Notes
7, no. 3 (2007): 355–64; doi:10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01678.x.

Rees, M. J.
Our Final Hour: A Scientist’s Warning: How Terror, Error, and Environmental Disaster Threaten Humankind’s Future in This Century on Earth and Beyond.
New York: Basic, 2003.

Reshetin, V. P., and J. L. Regens. “Simulation Modeling of Anthrax Spore Dispersion in a Bioterrorism Incident.”
Risk Analysis
23, no. 6 (2003): 1135–45; doi:10.1111/j.0272-4332.2003.00387.x.

Rusnak, J. M., M. G. Kortepeter, R. J. Hawley, A. O. Anderson, E. Boudreau, and E. Eitzen. “Risk of Occupationally Acquired Illness from Biological Threat Agents in Unvaccinated Laboratory Workers.”
Biosecurity and Bioterrorism: Biodefense Strategy, Practice, and Science
2, no. 4 (2004): 281–93; doi:10.1089/bsp.2004.2.281.

Schwartz, J. “Fish Tale Has DNA Hook: Students Find Bad Labels.”
New York Times
, August 21, 2008, Science sec.

Sidel, V. W., H. W. Cohen, and R. M. Gould. “Good Intentions and the Road to Bioterrorism Preparedness.”
American Journal of Public Health
91, no. 5 (2001): 716–18.

Silbergeld, E. K., J. Graham, and L. B. Price. “Industrial Food Animal Production, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Human Health.”
Annual Review of Public Health
29, no. 1 (2008): 151–69; doi:10.1146/annurev.pubhealth.29.620907.090904.

Snyder, J. W. “Role of the Hospital-Based Microbiology Laboratory in Preparation for and Response to a Bioterrorism Event.”
Journal of Clinical Microbiology
41, no. 1 (2003): 1–4; doi:10.1128/JCM.41.1.1-4.2003.

Trevejo, R. T., M. C. Barr, and R. A. Robinson. “Important Emerging Bacterial Zoonotic Infections Affecting the Immunocompromised.”
Veterinary Research
36, no. 3 (2005): 493–506; doi:10.1051/vetres:2005011.

Tucker, J. B. “Historical Trends Related to Bioterrorism: An Empirical Analysis.”
Emerging Infectious Diseases
5, no. 4 (1999): 498–504.

UN-Habitat, United Nations Human Settlements Programme.
State of the World’s Cities
,
2010/2011—Cities for All: Bridging the Urban Divide
, 2010.

“Update: Multistate Outbreak of Monkeypox—Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Missouri, Ohio, and Wisconsin, 2003.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, February 9, 2011;
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5227a5.htm
.

Wang, L. F., and B. T. Eaton. “Bats, Civets, and the Emergence of SARS.”
Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology
315 (2007): 325–44; doi:10.1007/978-3-540-70962-6_13.

Wolfe, N. D., P. Daszak, M. Kilpatrick, and D. S. Burke. “Bushmeat Hunting, Deforestation, and Prediction of Zoonotic Disease Emergence.”
Emerging Infectious Diseases
11, no. 12 (2005): 1822–27.

Wolfe, N. D., M. Ngole Eitel, J. Gockowski, P. K. Muchaal, C. Nolte, A. Tassy Prosser, J. Ndongo Torimiro, S. F. Weise, and D. S. Burke. “Deforestation, Hunting and the Ecology of Microbial Emergence.”
Global Change and Human Health
1, no. 1 (2000): 10–25; doi:10.1023/A:1011519513354.

Woolhouse, M. E. J., R. Howey, E. Gaunt, L. Reilly, M. Chase-Topping, and N. Savill. “Temporal Trends in the Discovery of Human Viruses.”
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
275, no. 1647 (2008): 2111–15; doi:10.1098/rspb.2008.0294.

Zhang, X. W., Y. L. Yap, and A. Danchin. “Testing the Hypothesis of a Recombinant Origin of the SARS-Associated Coronavirus.”
Archives of Virology
150, no. 1 (2005): 1–20; doi:10.1007/s00705-004-0413-9.

Zimmer, S. M., and D. S. Burke. “Historical Perspective—Emergence of Influenza A (H1N1) Viruses.”
New England Journal of Medicine
361, no. 3 (2009): 279–85; doi:10.1056/NEJMra0904322.

9: VIRUS HUNTERS

Botten, J., K. Mirowsky, C. Ye, K. Gottlieb, M. Saavedra, L. Ponce, and B. Hjelle. “Shedding and Intracage Transmission of Sin Nombre Hantavirus in the Deer Mouse (
Peromyscus maniculatus
) Model.”
Journal of Virology
76, no. 15 (2002): 7587–94; doi:10.1128/JVI.76.15.7587-7594.2002.

Carr, J. K., N. D. Wolfe, J. N. Torimiro, U. Tamoufe, E. Mpoudi-Ngole, L. Eyzaguirre, D. L. Birx, F. E. McCutchan, and D. S. Burke. “HIV-1 Recombinants with Multiple Parental Strains in Low-Prevalence, Remote Regions of Cameroon: Evolutionary Relics?”
Retrovirology
7 (2010): 39; doi:10.1186/1742-4690-7-39.

Deblauwe, I., P. Guislain, J. Dupain, and L. Van Elsacker. “Use of a Tool-Set by
Pan troglodytes troglodytes
to Obtain Termites (
Macrotermes
) in the Periphery of the Dja Biosphere Reserve, Southeast Cameroon.”
American Journal of Primatology
68, no. 12 (2006): 1191–96; doi:10.1002/ajp.20318.

Formenty, P., C. Hatz, B. Le Guenno, A. Stoll, P. Rogenmoser, and A. Widmer. “Human Infection Due to Ebola Virus, Subtype Côte D’Ivoire: Clinical and Biologic Presentation.”
Journal of Infectious Diseases
179, no. S1 (1999): S48–53; doi:10.1086/514285.

Kalish M. L., N. D. Wolfe, C. Ndongmo, C. Djoko, K. E. Robbins, J. McNicholl, M. Aidoo, P. Fonjungo, G. Alemnji, E. Mpoudi-Ngole, C. Zeh, T. M. Folks, and D. S. Burke. “Central African Hunters Exposed to SIV.”
Emerging Infectious Diseases
11 (2005): 1928–30.

Keefe, P. R.
Chatter: Dispatches from the Secret World of Global Eavesdropping
. New York: Random House, 2005.

*Lee, R. B., and I. DeVore.
Man the Hunter
. Piscataway, N.J.: Transaction, 1968.

Leendertz, F. H., et al. “Anthrax in Western and Central African Great Apes.”
American Journal of Primatology
68, no. 9 (2006): 928–33; doi:10.1002/ajp.20298.

_____
. “Anthrax Kills Wild Chimpanzees in a Tropical Rainforest.”
Nature
430 (2004): 451–52; doi:10.1038/nature02722.

Pike, B. L., K. E. Saylors, J. N. Fair, M. LeBreton, U. Tamoufe, C. F. Djoko, A. W. Rimoin, and N. D. Wolfe. “The Origin and Prevention of Pandemics.”
Clinical Infectious Diseases
50, no. 12 (2010): 1636–40; doi:10.1086/652860.

Pruetz, J. D., and P. Bertolani. “Savanna Chimpanzees,
Pan troglodytes verus
, Hunt with Tools.”
Current Biology
17, no. 5 (2007): 412–17; doi:10.1016/j.cub.2006.12.042.

Switzer, W. M., I. Hewlett, L. Aaron, N. D. Wolfe, D. S. Burke, T. M. Folks, and W. Heneine. “Serological Testing for Human T-lymphotropic Virus-3 and -4.”
Transfusion
46 (2006): 1647–48; doi:10.1111/j.1537-2995.2006.00950.X.

Switzer, W. M., M. Salemi, V. Shanmugam, F. Gao, M. Cong, C. Kuiken, V. Bhullar, B. E. Beer, D. Vallet, A. Gautier-Hion, Z. Tooze, F. Villinger, E. C. Holmes, and W. Heneine. “Ancient Co-Speciation of Simian Foamy Viruses and Primates.”
Nature
434, no. 7031 (2005): 376–80; doi:10.1038/nature03341.

Other books

Making a Comeback by Julie Blair
Die of Shame by Mark Billingham
7 Billion by National Geographic
Thanksgiving 101 by Rick Rodgers
Belinda by Bryan Caine
Dead End Job by Vicki Grant
Susan Amarillas by Scanlin's Law
Among the Free by Margaret Peterson Haddix
Shift - 02 by M. R. Merrick