The Widow Clicquot (33 page)

Marat, Jean-Paul, 65

Marie Antoinette, queen of France, 6, 8, 12, 38, 85, 133, 153

Marie Louise, empress of the French, 85–86, 98–99

Marmande, countess de, 133

Mary, Queen of Scots, 1

Matasar, Ann B., 41

Mérimée, Prosper, xx, 172

Merrett, Christopher, 33

méthode champenoise
, 30, 81

méthode traditionnelle
, 30

Moët, Jean-Rémy, 64, 88, 98, 120, 149, 172, 191

British market and, 46, 94

as Clicquot rival, 86, 128, 138, 152

death of, 159

industry growth and, 129

looting of cellars owned by, 102, 103

Napoléon and, xvii, 51, 86, 97, 106–7

Russian market and, 79, 108, 109, 110, 127

self-financing by, 145

Moët, Victor, 159

Moët et Chandon, xviii, 129, 159

Moët family, 42, 46, 59, 172

Monselet, Charles, 164, 180 “Montagne de Reims” wines, 28

Moore, Thomas, 107

Mortemart, Anne de, 159, 167–68, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 184

Mortemart, Louis Samuel Victorien de Rochechouart de, 158–59, 161, 167–68, 184

Mortemart, Paul, 159, 166–67

Mortemart, Pauline, 159, 166

Muiron family, 22, 52, 89

Müller, Antoine, 126, 127, 143

Mumm, Jules, 120

muselet
, 149

must
, 26, 29, 53, 54, 76

Napa Valley (Calif.), 26, 122

Napoléon I, emperor of the French, 11, 37, 38, 61, 62, 82, 94–107

abdication of, 107, 109

champagne interest of, xvii, 51, 86, 97, 106, 107–8, 115, 155

Chaptal treatise and, 49

Continental System and, 73–74, 84

final defeat of, 152, 154

Ponsardin family and, 59, 68, 85–86, 99, 104–6

return from exile of, 134

Napoléon III, emperor of the French, 169, 172–73, 179, 183

Napoleonic Code, 39, 72

Napoleonic Wars, 72, 73–74, 76–80, 84, 93–107

Navier, Jean-Claude, 64

Nelson, Horatio, 36

Nonancourt, Widow, 177

Notre-Dame de Reims, xv, 6, 9, 63

Oger, 93, 139, 151

Olry, Madame Jacques, 176–77

Oudart, Jean, 123

Pérignon, Dom Pierre, 5, 16, 28, 30, 33, 123

as blending pioneer, 56

champagne discovery legend and, xvii, xviii, 31, 34, 64

phylloxera, 185

Pinkham, Lydia, 190

piquette
(peasant wine), 29

Pommery, Alexandre, 174

Pommery, Louise (Jeanne Alexandrine Louise), xx–xxi, 21, 173–76, 177, 190

Pompadour, Madame de, xvi, 34

Ponsardin, Adrien, 147

Ponsardin, Barbe-Nicole.
See
Clicquot, Barbe-Nicole Ponsardin (Widow Clicquot)

Ponsardin, Clémentine, 7, 12, 38, 39, 59, 68, 90, 106, 179, 182

Ponsardin, Jean-Baptiste Gérard, 7, 38, 102, 105–6, 136, 139

Ponsardin, Jeanne-Clémentine (Marie Jeanne Josèphe Clémentine), 2–3, 6, 8, 16, 158

Ponsardin, Ponce Jean Nicolas Philippe (Nicolas), 6–7, 113, 125, 130, 134

daughter’s marriage and, 16, 21

death of, 139, 143

French Revolution and, 2–3, 8–10

granddaughter as heiress of, 131, 132

Napoléon and, 59, 68, 85, 86, 99, 104–5

as Reims mayor, 85, 99, 104–5, 138

social and political aspirations of, 6, 7, 13, 14

textile industry and, 6, 16, 71, 119

Ponsardin, Thérèse, 38, 59, 105–6, 136, 147

Poupart de Neuflize, 150

Protest, Monsieur, 52

Prussia, 60, 73, 79, 95, 102–3, 183

racking, 29, 54, 55, 76

railroads, 158, 171, 177, 179

Redding, Cyrus, 149

Reims, 6, 61, 99, 172

cathedral of, xv, 6, 9, 63

champagne bottling decree and, 32, 34

festival of St. Vincent in, 50

French Revolution and, 1, 2–5, 8, 9–10

interconnected cellars in, 14–15

Napoleonic Wars and, 101–7, 108

Nicolas Ponsardin as mayor of, 85, 99, 104–5, 138

railroad and, 158, 171

Werlé as mayor of, 172–73, 183

remuage sur pupitre
, xix, 124, 126–29, 143, 149

Renée de Lorraine, 1

revolution of 1848, 169

Rheinwald, Miss (Bohne’s fiancée), 87

Robert, Widow, 42, 43, 68, 120

Roederer, Louis, 120, 176

Romans, 14–15, 27–28

Rouillon, Madame de, 134

Royal Society of London, 33

Ruinart, Dom Thierry, 16

Ruinart, Nicolas, 16

Ruinart family, 34, 120

Russia

as champagne market, 25, 60–62, 67, 77–79, 81–82, 94, 108–16, 118, 124, 127, 148, 173

French wine import ban by, 97–98, 115–16

wars with France, 40, 61, 62, 94, 96, 98–104, 107, 108

sabrage
, art of, 104

Sachs, Monsieur de, 160

Saint-Évremond, Charles de, 32–33

Saint-Pierre-les-Dames (convent), 1–2, 7, 101

Sandwich, Lord, 137

Simon, Florent, 130

Smith, Bonnie G., 39

sparkling wine, 25, 28, 30–35, 44–45, 51, 64, 80–81, 123.
See also
champagne

sulfur, 54, 58, 59, 76

supertasters, 58

Tallien, Madame, 14

TCA (chemical), 75

terroir
, 20–21, 56

textile industry, 12, 22–23, 68, 73

Nicolas Ponsardin and, 6, 16, 71, 119

Widow Clicquot and, 142, 145, 146, 150, 156

This, Hervé, 58–59

Tolstoy, Count, 110

Tomes, Robert, 125, 128, 129, 141, 160

Tovey, Charles, 64, 191

trademarks, 88–89, 95, 106, 148, 149, 171, 177

trade restrictions, 79, 82, 83, 93–94, 97

Continental System and, 73–74, 84

contraband shipments and, 80, 108–12, 118

Russian market and, 94, 97–98, 115–16

transvasage
, 55, 125, 127

Trois Glorieuses, Les, 152–53

Tronsson-Jacquesson, 94

typhoid, 63–66

United States, 1, 10, 140–41, 190

Vasnier, Henri, 174
vendange
, 52, 67

Verzenay, 28, 53

Veuve Clicquot: La grande dame de la Champagne
(book), 188

Veuve Clicquot Fourneaux and Company, 73–84, 87, 90, 91, 93

Veuve Clicquot Ponsardin and Company, 134–35, 139–41, 143, 170, 185

archives of, xv, 119, 180–81, 185

British market and, 173, 177

brut champagne and, 177

current head of, xvi, 121

early years of, 87–120

financial problems of, 150–51

headquarters of, 144

impostor champagnes and, 148

marketing and, 171

Napoleonic Wars and, 101–9

production concerns of, 124–28

rebuilding of, 157–58, 159

Russian market and, 81–82, 94, 108–16, 118, 124, 127, 148, 173

sales decline in 1830s of, 151–52

sales increase in 1840s of, 158, 160, 161

trademarks of, 88–89, 95, 106, 148, 149, 171, 177

Werlé as partner in, 155–60, 164, 171–72, 177, 179, 182, 185

Widow Clicquot’s retirement and, 159–60

Veuve Clicquot Ponsardin and Company Bank, 142, 144–48, 150–51, 152, 156

Veuve Laurent-Perrier and Company, 177

Veuve Pommery and Company, 174–76

Victoria, queen of Great Britain, xx, 176, 190

vignerons, 5, 22, 42, 52, 125, 153

Villiers-en-Prayères, 139, 144, 156, 167

Vincent, Saint, 50