The Wisdom of Hypatia: Ancient Spiritual Practices for a More Meaningful Life (67 page)

Pythagoreanism:
The philosophy of Pythagoras (c.570 – c.495 BCE) and his followers. Pythagoreanism significantly influenced Plato and later Platonists and Neoplatonists.

Self:
In Jungian psychology, the Self (with a capital “S”) refers to the totality of the archetypes, the central core of the unconscious mind; the God-image in an individual’s psyche. See Ch. 9.

Shadow:
In Jungian psychology, the unconscious complex formed of all the rejected, disowned, and unwanted aspects and potentials of the psyche. See Ch. 9.

Shaman:
In the broadest sense, practitioners who interact with the spirit world to heal individuals and ensure a harmonious relation between their community and nature.

Soul:
In ancient philosophy, “soul” translates Greek
psychê
, which refers to the animating power in any animate thing. More colloquially, “soul” refers to the psychical aspect of human nature (both conscious and unconscious).

Stoicism:
Teaches how we may live with serenity, freedom, and autonomy while actively contributing to the world. This is accomplished by understanding where our true freedom lies and by using it with wisdom. The Second Degree of Wisdom.

324 glossary

Sufism:
A mystical or esoteric sect of Islam focused on purification of the soul and its unification with God. Some scholars argue that Sufi practices predate Islam.

Symbol:
In Neoplatonism, anything in the lineage of a god, which therefore participates in the Idea or Form of the god and can be used to connect with the deity or its daimons. In Jungian psychology, a symbol is an expression of something that is not otherwise expressible, in particular, that cannot be completely defined or expressed in words. Symbols may activate the archetypes and complexes with which they are associated, and thus are important means of relating to them.

Tetractys:
A sacred symbol in Pythagoreanism and Neoplatonism, which is a triangular arrangement of ten dots (rows of 1, 2, 3, and 4 dots, from top to bottom) with many symbolic interpretations (see Chs. 8, 10–12).

Theurgy:
Spiritual practices and rites intended to facilitate communication and ultimately union with divinity. See Chas. 10–12.

Triadic Principle:
Three aspects of each plane of reality in the Neoplatonic cosmos, namely Abiding, Proceeding, and Returning. See Ch. 8.

Tripartite Soul:
Platonic three-part of division of the soul into (1) the appetite or desiring part (the “belly”), (2) the will or spirited part (the “heart”), and (3) the mind or reasoning part (the

“head”).

Union:
Spiritual unification with a divinity or with The One, the last stage of the Ascent, equivalent to Deification.

Virtue:
The ancient Greek work commonly translated “virtue” (
aretê
) refers to the
excellence
of anything, the ways in which that thing is authentically what it is, its authentic being. Neoplatonism reinterprets the four “cardinal virtues” (wisdom, self-control, fortitude, justice) on each level of spiritual ascent (ch. 11).

World Body:
See Cosmic Body.

World Mind:
See Cosmic Nous.

World Nous:
See Cosmic Nous.

World Soul:
See Cosmic Soul.

Bibliography

Abbreviations

CO

Chaldean Oracles
(see Majercik)

DL

Diogenes Laertius,
Lives

ED

Epictetus,
Discourses

EH

Epictetus,
Handbook
(also called
Manual
and
Encheridion
)

HC

Hierocles,
Comm. on Pythag. Gold. Verse
s
(see Dacier, Hierocles, and Schibli) LM

Epicurus,
Letter to Menoeceus
(see Bailey, Oates, or DL X.122–135)

LS

Long & Sedley,
Hellenistic Philosophers

LSJ

Liddell, Scott, & Jones,
Greek Lexicon

MA

Marcus Aurelius,
Meditations

OF

Epicurus’ fragment in Oates

P7

Plato,
Seventh Letter
(in
Collected Dialogues
)

PD

Epicurus,
Principal Doctrines
(see Bailey, Oates, or DL X.139–154)

PE

Plotinus,
Enneads
(see
Plotinus
, Armstrong trans.)

PG

Plotinus,
Compl. Works
(Guthrie translation)

PLP Porphyry,
Launching Points

PS

Plato,
Symposium
(in
Collected Dialogues
)

RH

Reale,
Systems of Hellenistic Age

SD

Synesius,
On Dreams

325

326 bibliography

SL

Seneca,
Letters to Lucilius
(
Ad Lucilium Epistolae
)

VS

Epicurus,
Vatican Sentences
(see Bailey or Oates)

Abdulla, Raficq.
Words of Paradise: Selected Poems of Rumi
. London: Frances Lincoln Ltd., 2000.

Addey, Tim.
The Unfolding Wings: The Way of Perfection in the Platonic Tradition
. Somerset, UK: Prometheus Trust, 2003.

Anderson, William.
Dante the Maker
. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1980.

Armstrong, A. H., ed.
The Cambridge History of Later Greek and Early Medieval Philosophy.

Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1967.

Aurelius, Marcus.
Marcus Aurelius
, ed. & trans. C. R. Haines. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1916. (Greek and English text of meditations, speeches, and sayings.)

———.
The Thoughts of the Emperor Marcus Aurelius Antoninus
. Translated by George Long. New York: Thomas Nelson & Sons, 1862.

Bailey, Cyril, trans.
Epicurus: The Extant Remains
. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1926.

Bair, Dierdre.
Jung: A Biography
. Boston: Little Brown, 2003.

Balaguer, M.
Platonism and Anti-Platonism in Mathematics
. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1998.

Beck, Aaron T., A. John Rush, Brian F. Shaw, and Gary Emery.
Cognitive Therapy of Depression
. New York: The Guilford Press, 1979.

Bembo, Pietro.
Gli Asolani
. Translated by Rudolf B. Gottfried. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1954.

Berg, R. M. van den.
Proclus’ Hymns: Essays, Translations, Commentary
. Leiden, the Netherlands: Brill, 2001.

Berger, Helen A., ed.
Witchcraft and Magic: Contemporary North America
. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2006.

Braden, Charles S.
Spirits in Rebellion: The Rise and Development of New Thought
. Dallas, TX: Southern Methodist University Press, 1963.

Bregman, Jay.
Synesius of Cyrene: Philosopher-Bishop
. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1982.

bibliography 327

Cassius Dio. Dio’s Rome:
An Historical Narrative Originally Composed in Greek During The
Reigns of Septimius Severus, Geta and Caracalla, Macrinus, Elagabalus and Alexander Severus, Volume 5, Books 61–76 (A.D. 54–211)
. Translated by Herbert Baldwin Foster. Troy, NY: Pafraets, 1906.

Clarke, Emma C.
Iamblichus’ De Mysteriis: A Manifesto of the Miraculous
. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate, 2001.

Cohen, Ken.
Taoism: Essential Teachings of the Way and Its Power
. Boulder, CO: Sounds True, 1998.

Copenhaver, Brian P., ed.
Hermetica: The Greek Corpus Hermeticum and the Latin Asclepius
in a New English Translation, with Notes and Introduction
. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1995.

Cornford, F. M.
Greek Religious Thought from Homer to the Age of Alexander.
Boston: Beacon Press, 1950.

Dacier, M.
The Life of Pythagoras with his Symbols and Golden Verses. Together with the Life
of Hierocles and his Commentaries on the Verses
. Translated by N. Rowe. London: Jacob Tonson, 1707.

Deakin, Michael A. B.
Hypatia of Alexandria: Mathematician and Martyr
. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 2007.

de Rougemont, Denis.
Love in the Western World
, revised and augmented edition. Translated by Montgomery Belgion. New York: Pantheon, 1956.

Dillon, John, and Lloyd P. Gerson, eds.
Neoplatonic Philosophy: Introductory Readings
. Indianapolis, IN: Hackett, 2004.

Diogenes Laertius.
Lives of Eminent Philosophers
, 2 vols. Translated by R. D. Hicks. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1925.

Dodds, E. R.
Select Passages Illustrating Neoplatonism
. Chicago: Ares reprint of London, 1923 ed.

———.
The Greeks and the Irrational
. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1951.

Dzielska, Maria.
Hypatia of Alexandria
. Translated by F. Lyra. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1995.

Ebreo, Leone.
The Philosophy of Love (Dialoghi d’Amore)
. Translated by F. Friedeberg-Seeley and Jean H. Barnes. London: Soncino Press, 1937.

328 bibliography

Eliade, Micea.
Shamanism: Archaic Techniques of Ecstasy
. Translated by W. R. Trask. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1964.

Emerson, Ralph Waldo.
Essays: First and Second Series
. New York: Random House, 1993.

Epictetus.
The Discourses of Epictetus, with the Encheridion and Fragments
. Translated by George Long. London: George Bell, 1877.

———.
Epictetus: The Discourses and Manual Together with Fragments of His Writings
. Translated by Percy Ewing Matheson. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1916.

Ficino, Marsilio.
Commentary on Plato’s Symposium
. Text, translation, and introduction by Sears Reynolds Jayne. Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Studies, vol. XIX, no. 1, 1944.

———.
Meditations on the Soul: Selected Letters of Marsilio Ficino
. Rochester, VT: Inner Traditions, 1996.

Forman, Samuel Eagle.
The Life and Writings of Thomas Jefferson: Including All of His
Important Utterances on Public Questions, Compiled from State Papers and from His Private
Correspondence
. Indianapolis, IN: Bobbs-Merrill Company, 1900.

Golden Verses of Pythagoras, with Commentary of Hierocles
. Adapted from translation by N.

Rowe. Santa Barbara, CA: Concord Grove, 1983.

Greenblatt, Stephen.
The Swerve: How the World Became Modern
. New York: W. W. Norton

& Co., 2012.

Gregory, J., ed.
The Neoplatonists: A Reader
. London: Routledge, 1999.

Guthrie, Kenneth Sylvan. T
he Pythagorean Sourcebook and Library: An Anthology of Ancient
Writings which Relate to Pythagoras and Pythagorean Philosophy
. Intro. & ed., David R.

Fideler. Grand Rapids: Phanes, 1987.

Hadot, Ilsetraut.
Studies on the Neoplatonist Hierocles
. Translated by Michael Chase. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 2004.

Hadot, Pierre.
The Inner Citadel: The Meditations of Marcus Aurelius
. Translated by Michael Chase. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998.

———.
Philosophy as a Way of Life
. Edited by A. I. Davidson. Translated by M. Chase.

Oxford, UK: Blackwell, 1995.

———.
Plotinus or the Simplicity of Visio
n. Translated by Michael Chase. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998

bibliography 329

———.
The Present Alone is Our Happiness: Conversations with Jeannie Carlier and Arnold I.

Davidson
. Translated by Marc Djaballah. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2009.

———.
What Is Ancient Philosophy
? Translated by M. Chase. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2002.

Hannah, Barbra.
Encounters with the Soul: Active Imagination as Developed by C. G. Jung
.

Santa Monica, CA: Sigo Press, 1981.

Harvey, Graham.
Contemporary Paganism: Listening People, Speaking Earth
, 1st ed. New York: New York University Press, 1997.

Herbert, George.
The Temple: Sacred Poems and Private Ejaculations
. London: Pickering, 1838.

Hesiod. Hesiod:
Volume I, Theogony. Works and Days. Testimonia
(Loeb Classical Library No. 57N). Edited and translated by Glenn W. Most. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2007.

Hicks, R. D.
Stoic and Epicurean
. New York: Charles Scribners Son’s, 1910.

Hierocles.
Hierocles upon the Golden Verses of Pythagoras
. Translated by J. Hall. London: Francis Eaglesfield, 1656.

Hines, Brian.
Return to the One: Plotinus’s Guide to God-Realization
. Salem, OR: Adrasteia, 2009.

Hippolytus.
Werke, vol. 3, Refutatio Pmnium Haeresium
. Edited by Paul Wendland. Leipzig, Germany: J. C. Hinrichs’sche Buchhandlung, 1916.

Homer.
The Iliad of Homer
. Translated by Alexander Pope. 1750–20.

Horace.
The Satires, Epistles, and Art of Poetry of Horace
. Translated by John Conington.

London: Bell & Daldy, 1870.

Hornblower, S., and A. Spawforth, eds.
The Oxford Classical Dictionary
, 3rd ed. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1996.

Iamblichus.
Iamblichus on the Mysteries
. Translated by and introduced by Emma C. Clarke, John M. Dillon, and Jackson P. Hershbell. Atlanta, GA: Society of Biblical Literature, 2003.

———.
On the Pythagorean Way of Life: Text, Translation, and Notes
. Translated and edited by John Dillon and Jackson Hersbell. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 1991.

330 bibliography

Irvine, William B.
A Guide to the Good Life: The Ancient Art of Stoic Joy
. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2008.

Johnson, Robert A.
Inner Work: Using Dreams and Active Imagination for Personal Growth
.