The Woodvilles: The Wars of the Roses and England's Most Infamous Family (39 page)

82
   Whethamsted’s Register, in
Henry VI: A Source Book
, p. 99.

83
   PROME, October 1460, Introduction and item 30.

84
   Gregory, pp. 146–210.

85
   Cron. pp. 597–99.

86
   
Chronicles of London
, p. 173; Milan, no. 65, 22 February 1461. Anthony Woodville had married Elizabeth Scales, the daughter of Thomas, Lord Scales, and his wife Esmania. Scales had been murdered by a London mob in July 1460, after which Anthony had succeeded to his title in right of his wife; he is called Lord Scales in a letter of 4 April 1461 and in a dispatch by the Earl of Salisbury on 7 April 1461. ‘Lady Scales’, then, likely refers to Elizabeth, rather than her mother, who may not have survived her husband.
PL
, no. 90, part I, p. 165; Milan, 1461, no. 80; Pidgeon,
Antony Wydeville
, part 2, p. 18.

87
   English Heritage, p. 3.

88
   
PL
, no. 90, part I, p. 165.

89
   Milan, 1461, nos 80 and 91.

90
   Scofield,
Edward IV
, vol. 1, p. 178 n. 1.

91
   Milan, 1461, no. 120.

92
   
PL
, no. 320, part 1, p. 523.

  
1
   Shaw, ‘Early English School of Portraiture’, p. 184.

  
2
   Hepburn, pp. 54–60.

  
3
   Hall, p. 365; More, p. 61.

  
4
   
Coronation of Elizabethy Wydeville
, p. 27.

  
5
   ‘Household of Queen Margaret of Anjou’, p. 182 n.2.

  
6
   ‘Household of Queen Margaret of Anjou’, p. 182 n.2;
CPR
, p. 353;
Coronation of Elizabethy Wydeville
, pp. 27–28.

  
7
   
Coronation of Elizabeth Wydeville
, p. 28; Baldwin, p. 133; MacGibbon, pp. 15–17.

  
8
   Cokayne, vol. V, pp. 359–61.

  
9
   Cokayne, vol. V, p. 362 n.
c
; TNA: C 142/7/2; Shakespeare Birthplace Trust Record Office DR37/2/73/34.

10
   Hall, p. 264. Caspar Weinreich, writing in far-off Danzig, recorded later gossip about the fate of John Grey: ‘People say that [he] was killed in battle; some said he was pushed off the bridge at Rochester; some said that he, too, had been beheaded during the previous parliament’. Visser-Fuchs, ‘English Events’, p. 313.

11
   Hicks,
Edward V
, pp. 44–45.

12
   Lander,
Crown and Nobility
, p. 210.

13
   Okerlund, p. 59.

14
   Lander,
Government and Community
, 237–38 n. 4.

15
   Waurin, vol. V, pp. 352–53; Visser-Fuchs, ‘English Events’, p. 313

16
   More, pp. 61–62.

17
   MacGibbon, pp. 32–33.

18
   Mancini, p. 61;
Chronicles of the White Rose
, p. 15–16.

19
   Hall, p. 379.

20
   Laynesmith,
Last Medieval Queens
, p. 52 & n. 126.

21
   Josephine Tey,
The Daughter of Time
, Chapter 16.

22
   
Crowland Chronicle, First Continuation
, quoted in
Edward IV: A Source Book
, p. 10.

23
   Scofield,
Edward IV
, vol. 1, p. 127 n. 2.

24
   Fahy, pp. 663–64.

25
   Mancini, p. 61.

26
   More, p. 62.

27
   Gregory, pp. 210–239.

28
   Hicks,
Edward V
, p. 47.

29
   Fabyan, p. 654.

30
   Baldwin, p. 11.

31
   Laynesmith, p. 66.

32
   Hicks,
Edward V
, pp. 45–46.

33
   Hicks,
Edward V
, p. 41.

34
   
Chronicles of the White Rose
, p. 16.

35
   Hicks,
Edward V
, p. 47.

36
   Fabyan, p. 654.

37
   Milan no. 138;
Crowland Chronicle, First Continuation
, quoted in
Edward IV: A Source Book
, p. 44.

38
   Mancini, p. 61–63.

39
   Crawford,
Yorkist Lord
, pp. 43–44.

40
   Lander,
Crown and Nobility
, p. 119; Brown and Webster, pp. 80–82.

41
   Ross,
Edward IV
, pp. 91–92.

42
   Ross,
Edward IV
, p. 92; Lander,
Wars of the Roses
, pp. 105–06.

43
   Scofield,
Edward IV
, vol. 1, p. 364.

44
   
CPR
, 1446–1452, pp. 311–12.

45
   
Annales Rerum Anglicarum
, p. 783; Lander,
Wars of the Roses
, p. 105;
PL
, no. 742, part II, p. 375.

46
   
Annales Rerum Anglicarum
, p. 785;
CPR
1467–1477, p. 25.

47
   
Annales Rerum Anglicarum
, p. 785; Rosemary Horrox, ‘Grey, Edmund, first earl of Kent (1416–1490)’;
ODNB
, 2004.

48
   
Annales Rerum Anglicarum
, p. 786; Thomas, ‘Herberts of Raglan’, pp. 279–83.

49
   
Annales Rerum Anglicarum
, p. 785;
Coronation of Elizabeth Wydeville
, pp. 11, 16, 21.

50
   
Annales Rerum Anglicarum
, p. 783.

51
   
Annales Rerum Anglicarum
, p. 786.

52
   
Annales Rerum Anglicarum
, translated from the Latin in Lander,
Wars of the Roses
, pp. 106–07.

53
   Ross,
Edward IV
, p. 94.

54
   Archer, ‘Rich Old Ladies’, p. 22; Lander,
Crown and Nobility
, p. 111.

55
   Ross,
Edward IV
, p. 93.

56
   Archer, ‘Testamentary Procedure’, p. 19.

57
   Mancini, p. 75.

58
   Lander,
Crown and Nobility
, p. 114 n. 111; Rawcliffe,
The Staffords
, p. 28. As Lander also points out, the word ‘forced’ is misleading: ‘His marriage had been disposed of like that of any other child of the feudal classes whether in wardship or not.’

59
   Rawcliffe, p. 28.

60
   
Coronation of Elizabeth Wydeville
, p. 15.

61
   Laynesmith, p. 211.

62
   Hicks, ‘Changing Role’, pp. 67–70.

63
   ‘Household of Queen Elizabeth Woodville’, pp. 451, 473.

64
   
Annales Rerum Anglicarum
, p. 791.

65
   For the following see
Coronation of Elizabeth Wydeville
, pp. 7–25, 61–64, and Laynesmith, pp. 87–110.

66
   
Herald’s Memoir
, p. 140.

67
   
Coronation of Elizabeth Wydeville
, p. 12.

  
1
   
Annales Rerum Anglicarum
, p. 785.

  
2
   Jacquetta came to Windsor on 16 July 1467, probably to be with her pregnant daughter. MacGibbon, pp. 67–68, 85; Scofield,
Edward IV
, pp. 428, 482–83.

  
3
   Milan, 12 April 1469, no. 169.

  
4
   For this and what follows see
Travels of Leo of Rozmital
, pp. 45–47.

  
5
   
Travels of Leo of Rozmital
, p. 47 n. 1.

  
6
   
English Historical Literature
, p. 386.

  
7
   Art Cosgrove in ‘The Execution of the Earl of Desmond, 1468’ offers the most through exploration of the reasons for Desmond’s execution and concludes that they ‘should be sought in his own conduct’. Cosgrove, p. 26.

  
8
   Cosgrove, pp. 22–23.

  
9
   
Calendar of the Carew Manuscripts
, vol. 2, pp. cv–cvii.

10
   Ashdown-Hill and Carson, p. 85 n. 41.

11
   Cosgrove, p. 20;
CPR
, 1461–1467, p. 340.

12
   Ashdown-Hill and Carson, pp. 85–86.

13
   Ashdown-Hill and Carson, p. 85.

14
   
Book of Howth
, pp. 186–87.

15
   Cosgrove, p. 25.

16
   Mitchell, pp. 124–25.

17
   Okerlund, pp. 162–63.

18
   Mitchell, pp. 132–33.

19
   The instructions concerning Desmond and other Irish lords can be found in
Harleian
433, vol. III, pp. 108–14, as well as in
Letters and Papers Illustrative of the Reigns of Richard III
, vol. I, pp. 67–78.

20
   Kendall,
Richard the Third
, p. 522 n. 21 and p. 532 n. 8.

21
   Waters, p. 402. The elder Desmond’s father, in fact, was Clarence’s godfather. Ashdown-Hill and Carson, p. 72 n. 7.

22
   Ashdown-Hill and Carson, p. 82.

23
   As we shall see, after Jacquetta’s husband and son were murdered in 1469, certainly by men acting under the direction of the Earl of Warwick, she brought an action not only against the earl, but against his followers. These are the sort of men whom Richard likely was allowing the younger Desmond to prosecute.

24
   Ashdown-Hill and Carson, p. 82.

25
   Pollard, ‘Elizabeth Woodville’, pp. 154–56.

26
   Sutton, ‘Sir Thomas Cook’, p. 97.

27
   Hicks, ‘Case of Sir Thomas Cook’, pp. 82, 94; Sutton, ‘Sir Thomas Cook’, pp. 93–94; Sutton and Visser-Fuchs, ‘Provenance’, p. 95; Holland, ‘Cook’s Case’, pp. 23–24. Cook was not ruined by this affair, as some accounts have it; when he died in 1478, he was still very wealthy.