The Yanks Are Coming! (44 page)

8
.
      
Quoted in ibid., 166.

9
.
      
Quoted in Robert H. Ferrell, ed.,
Dear Bess: The Letters from Harry Truman to Bess Truman, 1910–1959
(Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1998), 295.

10
.
    
The couple had one daughter, Mary Margaret, born in 1924.

11
.
    
He and his fellow county judges served as government administrators rather than in courtrooms.

12
.
    
The Pendergasts were Catholic. Truman, interestingly, came to think of Catholics as a necessary part of the Democrat Party's coalition but never shook a distrust of them that was partly Protestant and partly political, viewing them as too prone to both isolationism and McCarthyism.

13
.
    
Quoted in David McCullough,
Truman
(New York: Simon and Schuster, 1992), 204.

14
.
    
This moniker, cited in Hamby,
Man of the People
, 199, came from the
New York Times
.

15
.
    
Quoted in McCullough,
Truman
, 214.

16
.
    
Quoted in ibid., 237.

17
.
    
Quoted in Robert Dalleck,
Harry S. Truman
(New York: Times Books, Henry Holt, 2008), 17; see also McCullough,
Truman
, 342.

18
.
    
Quoted in McCullough,
Truman
, 350. Truman likewise disdained Patton, writing in his diary, “Don't see how a country can produce such men as Robert E. Lee, John J. Pershing, Eisenhower, & Bradley and at the same time produce Custers, Pattons, and MacArthurs.” Quoted in Ferrell, ed.,
Off the Record: The Private Papers of Harry S. Truman
(Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1997), 47.

19
.
    
Quoted in Dalleck,
Harry S. Truman
, 29.

20
.
    
Ibid., 37.

21
.
    
Quoted in Melvyn P. Leffler and Odd Arne Westad, eds.,
The Cambridge History of the Cold War
, vol. 1,
Origins
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010), 156.

22
.
    
Quoted in McCullough,
Truman
, 599; Truman disparaged all hyphenated Americans, and while a Zionist and a liberal on civil rights legislation—he issued the executive order to integrate the armed services—he was not at all inhibited about saying what he thought were the failings of various ethnic and religious groups.

23
.
    
Quoted in Dalleck,
Harry S. Truman
, 74. The Progressive Party ticket was in fact endorsed by the Communist Party USA.

24
.
    
His supporters, of course, especially among the GOP's East Coast establishment, saw his political moderation as a virtue, and viewed him as a fearless, incorruptible crime fighter as a federal prosecutor and Manhattan district attorney, a capable governor, and a spirited contender against FDR in 1944.

25
.
    
The
Chicago Daily Tribune
was published by Truman's political archenemy and fellow Great War veteran and artilleryman, Colonel Robert R. McCormick.

26
.
    
Dean Rusk, as told to Richard Rusk,
As I Saw It
, ed. Daniel S. Papp (New York: Norton, 1990), 162.

27
.
    
Quoted in John Toland,
In Mortal Combat: Korea, 1950–1953
(New York: William Morrow, 1991), 37.

28
.
    
Quoted in Dalleck,
Harry S. Truman
, 148.

29
.
    
The phrase came from a famous exchange during his 1948 whistle-stop campaign. When some enthusiast in the crowd shouted, “Give 'em hell, Harry,” Truman responded winningly, “I never give anybody hell. I just tell the truth on the Republicans, and they think it's hell!” See Ferrell,
Harry S. Truman: A Life
(Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1995 ), 278.

30
.
    
See Alonzo L. Hamby's introduction, pages vii–ix in Giangreco,
The Soldier from Independence
.

CHAPTER EIGHTEEN: WILLIAM J. DONOVAN (1883–1959)

1
.
      
Of his two surviving brothers, one, Timothy, went to medical school; the other, Vincent, went to the seminary and became a priest. He also had two surviving sisters, Loretta and Mary.

2
.
      
Ruth bore him two children—a son, David, and a daughter, Patricia.

3
.
      
Both quotations can be found in Stephen L. Harris,
Duffy's War: Fr. Francis Duffy, Wild Bill Donovan, and the Irish Fighting 69th in World War I
(Sterling, VA: Potomac Books, 2006), 38.

4
.
      
Quoted in ibid., 135.

5
.
      
Quoted in ibid., 351.

6
.
      
Quoted in Douglas Waller,
Wild Bill Donovan: The Spymaster Who Created the OSS and Modern American Espionage
(New York: Free Press, 2011), 31.

7
.
      
Notable on his itinerary were frequent trips to Germany, an interview with Mussolini, and two weeks investigating the Italian war in Abyssinia.

8
.
      
Quoted in Richard Dunlop,
Donovan: America's Master Spy
(New York: Rand McNally, 1982), 184.

9
.
      
Quoted in Waller,
Wild Bill Donovan
, 85.

10
.
    
Donovan was deeply worried about pro-Nazi saboteurs in the United States but thought Japanese Americans posed little, if any, threat. He argued against interning Japanese Americans as counterproductive. Roosevelt disagreed.

11
.
    
The Foreign Information Service was run by Pulitzer Prize–winning playwright turned presidential speechwriter Robert Emmet Sherwood, who had fallen out with Donovan. Sherwood was a fellow veteran of the First World War with an interesting backstory. He had been rejected by the American armed services as too lightweight for his height, about six foot seven, so he crossed the border and enlisted with the Canadian Black Watch. He saw combat and was wounded.

12
.
    
In Yugoslavia, Donovan was far more bullish on supporting, or at least maintaining relations with, the anti-Communist Chetniks than were the British, who had become convinced that the Communist-led Partisans were the more effective anti-Nazi force. In 1944, after the Allied invasion of Normandy, Donovan won the consent of Marshal Josip Tito, leader of the Partisans, for an OSS intelligence mission to the Chetniks. The mission was successful in gathering information and helping liberate Allied airmen shot down over Chetnik territory, but short-lived—from the end of August to the beginning of November—as President Roosevelt ordered it closed. In May 1945, the Communist Partisans ordered all American and British agents out of the country. In Greece Donovan's and Churchill's views were reversed: the prime minister insistent on backing the royalist anti-Communists, Donovan on sending support to the Greek Communists, regarding them as the more effective force against the Germans.

13
.
    
Quoted in Waller,
Wild Bill Donovan
, 174.

14
.
    
Quoted in Anthony Cave Brown,
Wild Bill Donovan: The Last Hero
(New York: Times Books, 1982), 471.

15
.
    
This was not just spite on Hoover's part, though Hoover and Donovan continued to loathe and spy on each other. Hoover, as head of the FBI, was better briefed than Donovan on the Soviets' extensive intelligence operations in the United States. Donovan continued to share intelligence with the Soviets and gained, he thought, valuable insights into Soviet strategy.

16
.
    
Nevertheless, at the Nuremberg war crimes trials, Donovan and Jackson became rivals and enemies over prosecution strategy, and Jackson denied him a role in examining or cross-examining witnesses.

17
.
    
Quoted in Brown,
Wild Bill Donovan: The Last Hero
, 833.

CHAPTER NINETEEN: THE ROOSEVELTS

1
.
      
Quoted in Joan Paterson Kerr,
A Bully Father: Theodore Roosevelt's Letters to His Children
(New York: Random House, 1995), 7.

2
.
      
Alice's mother, Alice Hathaway Lee, died two days after Alice's birth; the rest of TR's children were born from his second wife, Edith Kermit Carow.

3
.
      
Quoted in Kerr,
A Bully Father
, 32

4
.
      
Quoted in Edward J. Renehan Jr.,
The Lion's Pride: Theodore Roosevelt and His Family in Peace and War
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1998), 65.

5
.
      
Quoted in Kerr,
A Bully Father
, 46.

6
.
      
Quoted in Renehan,
The Lion's Pride
, 10.

7
.
      
Quoted in Kerr,
A Bully Father
, 58.

8
.
      
He and his wife had four children, born between 1918 and 1926.

9
.
      
Quoted in Peter Collier with David Horowitz,
The Roosevelts: An American Saga
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994), 198.

10
.
    
In addition, Roosevelt—endlessly furious at the Wilson administration's lack of preparation for war and apparent laggardness in making good on shortages of weapons, ammunition, equipment, and supplies—provided money to buy necessities for his sons' troops.

11
.
    
Edward V. Rickenbacker,
Fighting the Flying Circus
(New York: Frederick A. Stokes Company, 1919), 193.

12
.
    
Quoted in Renehan,
The Lion's Pride
, 163.

13
.
    
Quoted in Edmund Morris,
Colonel Roosevelt
(New York: Random House, 2010), 528.

14
.
    
Roosevelt blamed Wilson for a regulation that barred her, as the sister of a soldier, from going to France. “It is wicked,” he wrote. “She should have been
allowed to go, and to marry Quentin; then, even if he were killed, she and he would have known their white hours. It is part of the needless folly and injustice with which things have been handled.” Quoted in Renehan,
The Lion's Pride
, 188.

15
.
    
Quoted in ibid., 198, 200.

16
.
    
Both quoted in ibid., 4–5.

CHAPTER TWENTY: IN DUBIOUS BATTLE

1
.
      
The British were far and away the military leader against the Bolsheviks, with forty thousand British and more than five thousand imperial troops (almost all Canadians, with a small detachment of Australians). The Japanese were the most numerous, with seventy thousand troops in Siberia, but their goals were far less ideological than straightforwardly territorial. There were about thirteen thousand Americans all told and twelve thousand combined French and French imperial troops. Then there was a disparate array of Czechs (the fifty thousand–to seventy thousand–strong Czech Legion), Greeks, Poles, Estonians, Serbs, Romanians, Italians, and others.

2
.
      
In a speech in 1949, at the outset of the Cold War, Churchill commented, “The failure to strangle Bolshevism at birth . . . lies heavily on us today.” Speech at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 31 March 1949, quoted in Geoffrey Best,
Churchill: A Study in Greatness
(London: Hambledon and London, 2001), 93.

3
.
      
The Churchill quotations are taken from William Manchester,
The Last Lion: Winston Spencer Churchill, Visions of Glory, 1874–1932
(New York: Little, Brown, 1983), 680–81.

4
.
      
Churchill to the British cabinet ministers, February 1919, quoted in Henry Pelling,
Winston Churchill
(Ware, Hertfordshire: Wordsworth Editions, 1999), 258.

5
.
      
Manchester,
The Last Lion
, 680.

6
.
      
John Toland,
No Man's Land: 1918, the Last Year of the Great War
(New York: Doubleday, 1980), 308.

7
.
      
Quotations from the
aide-mémoire
are as cited in John Toland,
No Man's Land: 1918, the Last Year of the Great War
(New York: Doubleday, 1980), 308–9 and Max Boot,
The Savage Wars of Peace: Small Wars and the Rise of American Power
(New York: Basic Books, 2002), 211.