Authors: Edmund Morris
49
Having thus briskly
The Washington Post
, 27 July 1902.
50
FOG DELAYED
John A. Garraty, “Holmes’s Appointment to the U.S. Supreme Court,”
New England Quarterly
, Sept. 1949; G. Edward White,
Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes: Law and the Inner Self
(New York, 1993), 301.
51
Oliver Wendell Holmes
Catherine Drinker Bowen,
Yankee from Olympus: Justice Holmes and His Family
(Boston, 1944), 120; photographs in Supreme Court Historical Society, Washington, D.C.; Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.,
The Common Law
(Cambridge, Mass., 1963), 5.
52
In his world
Alexander M. Bickel and Benno C. Schmidt, Jr.,
The History of the Supreme Court of the United States
(New York, 1984), vol. 9, 70–71; Holmes,
Common Law
, 5. Sheldon Novick,
Honorable Justice: The Life of Oliver Wendell Holmes
(Boston, 1989), 283.
53
Theodore Roosevelt
TR,
Letters
, vol. 3, 288.
54
After returning to
Novick,
Honorable Justice
, 235–36; Garraty, “Holmes’s Appointment.”
55
Roosevelt agreed with
Garraty, “Holmes’s Appointment”; Henry Cabot Lodge to TR, 25 July 1902 (TRP). Holmes, for his part, had to admit that Roosevelt “said just the right things and impressed me far more than I had expected.” Qu. in White,
Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes
, 312.
56
“We shall have to”
Garraty, “Holmes’s Appointment”; Bowen,
Yankee from Olympus
, 348. TR announced Holmes’s appointment on 11 Aug. 1903.
57
In the good old
Lyrics in Music Division, LC. In 1903, the song was sung as a waltz.
58
Grotesque as it
Archibald B. Roosevelt interview, 7 June 1977. TR had been peripherally involved in the coal strike since early June. See, e.g.,
Washington Times
, 7 June 1902.
59
One hundred and forty-seven
Anthracite Coal Commission,
Report to the President on the Anthracite Coal Strike of May–October 1902
(Washington, D.C., 1903), 37;
Washington Times
, 7 June 1902. For background to the anthracite strike, see Donald Miller and Richard E. Sharpless,
The Kingdom of Coal: Work, Enterprise, and Ethnic Communities in the Mine Fields
(Philadelphia, 1985).
60
A visiting British
Stuart Uttley, quoted in
Literary Digest
, 8 Feb. 1902.
61
Roosevelt concluded
Eitler, “Philander Chase Knox,” 148;
Proceedings of the Anthracite Coal Commission
(Washington, D.C., 1903), vol. 28, 4377ff.
1
What d’ye think
Dunne,
Observations by Mr. Dooley
, 218–19.
2
FOR ELEVEN WEEKS
Rosamond D. Rhone, “Anthracite Coal Mines and Coaling,”
Review of Reviews
, July 1902.
3
What made Sheriff
George E. Leighton, “Shenandoah, Pa.: Story of an Anthracite Town,”
Harper’s Monthly Magazine
, Jan. 1937;
Literary Digest
, 24 May and 7 July 1902; Elsie Glück,
John Mitchell: Miner
(New York, 1929), 111; Stewart Culin,
A Trooper’s Narrative of Service in the Anthracite Coal Strike, 1902
(Philadelphia, 1903), 36–37. See also Victor R. Greene,
The Slavic Community on Strike: Immigrant Labor in Pennsylvania Anthracite
(Notre Dame, 1968).
4
Only when a
Leighton, “Shenandoah”; Walter Wellman in Chicago
Record-Herald
, 14 Sept. 1902: “Their faith in him is completely sublime.”
5
John Mitchell
Robert H. Wiebe, “The Anthracite Coal Strike of 1902: A Record of Confusion,”
Mississippi Valley Historical Review
, Sept. 1961; Leighton, “Shenandoah”; Miller and Sharpless,
Kingdom of Coal
, 254–55; Cornell,
Anthracite Coal Strike
, 116–18. This concession amounted to a personal triumph for Mitchell, who argued passionately against a national strike.
6
Swarthy, silent
Glück,
John Mitchell
, 106, 98; Wiebe, “Anthracite Coal Strike,” 240–41.
7
Mitchell’s concessions
Miller and Sharpless,
Kingdom of Coal
, 256; Anthracite Coal Commission,
Report to the President
, 35. See Eliot Jones,
The Anthracite Coal Combinations
(Cambridge, Mass., 1919).
8
When the miners
Cornell,
Anthracite Coal Strike
, 115.
9
Roaming the anthracite
Wiebe, “Anthracite Coal Strike,” 237–38; Mark Hanna to George Perkins, 19 May 1902 (GWP).
10
“The coal presidents”
The New York Times
, 30 July 1902.
11
SHENANDOAH WAS QUIET
Culin,
Trooper’s Narrative
, passim; Leighton, “Shenandoah,” 136.
12
Centre Street was
Leighton, “Shenandoah,” 136; Rhone, “Anthracite Coal Mines.”
13
Shortly before
6:00 Harrisburg
Patriot
, 31 July 1902. The deputy, Thomas Bedall, was the nephew of Sheriff S. Rowland Bedall. Their identical surnames have confused some historians—e.g., Miller and Sharpless in
Kingdom of Coal
.
14
He was accompanied
The New York Times
, 31 July 1902;
Literary Digest
, 9 Aug. 1902; Leighton, “Shenandoah,” 143. See also Glück,
John Mitchell, 111
ff.; Cornell,
Anthracite Coal Strike
, 151–52.
15
guns and bayonets
The New York Times
, 31 July 1902; Harrisburg
Patriot
and
The Philadelphia Inquirer, 1
Aug. 1902.
16
This freed Roosevelt
TR,
Letters
, vol. 3, 359; Cornell,
Anthracite Coal Strike
, 109;
Literary Digest
, 9 Aug. 1902.
17
Ten thousand bared
Philadelphia
Public Ledger, 2
Aug. 1902.
18
Few among the
Wiebe, “Anthracite Coal Strike,” 240, 235.
19
“If you lose”
Glück,
John Mitchell
, 94; Philadelphia
Public Ledger, 2
Aug. 1902.
20
For the next
Philadelphia
North American
, 1 Aug. 1902. See Glück,
John Mitchell
, 104–5, for the visits of intellectuals to anthracite country that summer.
21
Roosevelt began to
William Lemke, “Teddy Downeast: The 1902 New England Tour and the Style and Substance of Roosevelt’s Leadership,” in Naylor et al.,
Theodore Roosevelt
, 190–200.
22
From what he heard
Norton Goddard to TR, 12 Aug. 1902 (TRP).
23
The feeling went
The following account is taken from a scoop in the Philadelphia
North American
, 9 Aug. 1902.
24
(Some years before)
Ibid.
25
“Will you send”
TR to E. H. Harriman, 16 Aug. 1902 (TRP).
26
“My day has”
E. H. Harriman to TR, 18 Aug. 1902 (TRP).
27
Some paragraphs
Ibid.
28
“The rights and”
Facsimile in Sullivan,
Our Times
, vol. 2, 425.
29
This pious protestation
Cornell,
Anthracite Coal Strike
, 170–72;
The New York Times
and
New York Tribune
, 21 Aug. 1902.
30
Roosevelt, about
TR to Philander Knox, 21 Aug. 1902 (TRP); Eitler, “Philander Chase Knox,” 148; TR,
Letters
, vol. 3, 359. 137
THE
SYLPH
steamed Frank W. Lovering in Boston
Journal
, 23 Aug. 1902;
The New York Times
, 23 Aug. 1902; unidentified news clips, Presidential scrapbook (TRP).
31
Three traveling aides
For an example of TR’s continuing management of press relations, see his letter to the editor of the New York
Sun
, asking for Lindsay Denison to accompany him on tour. “He is a trump, and as you know I can tell him everything” (TR to Chester S. Lord, 12 Aug. 1902 [TRP]). Denison rewarded him for this encomium with favorable
Sun
coverage and a major article, “The President on His Tours,”
World’s Work
, Nov. 1902.
32
Roosevelt had grown
Frank W. Lovering in Boston
Journal
, 4 Sept. 1902; unidentified news clip, Presidential scrapbook (TRP).
33
AT NOON THE
TR reached Providence after a night stop in Hartford, Conn., where he created a sensation by publicly associating himself with the city’s blue-collar Democratic mayor. Local GOP organizers had snubbed the mayor by putting him far back in the welcoming parade. Annoyed by their discourtesy, TR mentioned the mayor by name in his speech, and afterward granted him the only private audience of his visit. This gentlemanly behavior, widely reported, was not lost on ordinary Americans. See
Harper’s Weekly
, 6 Sept. 1902.
34
Squinting against
The New York Times
and
Boston Herald
, 24 Aug. 1902.
35
“We are passing”
White House speech transcript, 23 Aug. 1902 (TRP).
36
Human law, he
Ibid.
37
Roosevelt noticed
Illustration in Frank W. Lovering, “Eyewitness Tells of TR’s Pittsfield Outrage,” unidentified Berkshires news clip, ca. 20 Aug. 1962 (TRB);
Boston Herald
, 24 Aug. 1902.
38
“Where men are”
White House speech transcript, 23 Aug. 1902 (TRP); Merrill,
Republican Command
, 21.
39
E. H. Harriman could
Providence
Sunday Journal
, 24 Aug. 1902. TR felt somewhat responsible for a current drought in GOP campaign contributions, brought about by the
Northern Securities
prosecution. TR,
Letters
, vol. 3, 317.
40
His audience began
Boston Herald
, 24 Aug. 1902.
41
By now, he
Photograph and report in Denison, “The President on His Tours.”
42
THERE WAS SOME
Literary Digest
, 6 Sept. 1902.
43
PRESIDENT WOULD
The New York Times
, 24 Aug. 1902, e.g., TR has been criticized by John M. Blum in
The Progressive Presidents: Roosevelt, Wilson, Roosevelt, Johnson
(New York, 1980), 29, for saying nothing against the trusts that had not already been said by, e.g., President McKinley’s Industrial Commission. But as Galambos,
Public Image
, 258, points out, popular anger against the trusts had cooled by 1902. TR sought to rekindle it by restating old truths in his new, harsh, twentieth-century voice. For reactions to his antitrust oratory on tour, see
Literary Digest
, 6 Sept. 1902, and articles by Joseph Auer in
North American Review
, Dec. 1902, and Albert Shaw in
Century Magazine
, Jan. 1903.
44
THE PRESIDENTIAL SPECIAL
Sixty years later, Frank W. Lovering, who covered the
trip for the Boston
Journal
, was driving along Bayshore Drive in Miami and noticed an old Pullman car in a siding, silhouetted against the moonlight of Biscayne Bay. “Something impelled me … to cross the tracks.… I walked along beside the Pullman. Bright in gold leaf I read by the sputtering glow of an arc lamp,
Mayflower
. I put my hand affectionately on the polished railing of the observation platform. Time fell into retreat. It was September again in the Berkshires.” Lovering, “Eyewitness.”
45
At Bangor, Maine
Mrs. F. H. Eckstrom to C. H. Ames, 30 Aug. 1902 (TRP); Putnam,
Theodore Roosevelt
, 153ff. See also
The Washington Post
, 28 Aug. 1902. Afterward, TR invited Sewall to visit the White House with “as many of your family as you can persuade to come.” For an account of their stay, see TR,
Letters
, vol. 3, 422.
46
“Not since the”
Literary Digest
, 6 Sept. 1902.
47
All Europe
Ibid., 20 Sept. 1902. In London, the
Westminster Gazette
hailed TR as “one of the most courageous political adventurers of our time” (ibid.).
48
THE TRAIN SWUNG
Presidential itinerary (TRP).
49
To Roosevelt, as
Burlington
Free Press
, 2 Sept. 1902; unidentified news clip, Presidential scrapbook (TRP); John Hay to Alvey A. Adee, 30 Aug. 1902 (JH); Morris,
Rise of Theodore Roosevelt
, 738.
50
Big Bill extra
When the gaslights failed at a crowded Vermont reception, Craig was seen jumping “like a tiger” in front of TR. Reillumination of the room disclosed a wall of Secret Service agents around the President.
Boston Herald
and Philadelphia
Press, 1
Sept. 1902.
51
Brattleboro. Girls
Boston
Journal
, 4 Sept. 1902; TR,
Presidential Addresses and State Papers
, vol. 1, 134–36, 143, 145.