They Marched Into Sunlight (92 page)

a battalion of students:
Ints. Paul Soglin, April 10, 2002; Jim Rowen, April 8, 2002; Jonathan Stielstra, August 20–21, 2001; Michael Oberdorfer, January 3, 2003; Stuart Brandes, August 6, 2001; William Kaplan, March 28, 2001; account of Stuart Brandes, written 3–5
P.M.
, October 18, 1967. Brandes, the history doctoral student, wanted to record his observations for history, which he did immediately after the demonstration. His account began: “I am now sitting in my carrel in the State Historical Society of Wisconsin. I have just witnessed the first riot of my young life. As an historian I know how inaccurate accounts of riots are, and I would like to set down my observations while they are clear in my mind.”

That would be the San Francisco:
Ints. Ronald G. Davis, May 8, 2002; Vicki Gabriner, December 27, 2001; Coyote,
Sleeping Where I Fall.

ragged but diversely attired line:
Ints. Paul Soglin, June 22, 2001; April 10, 2002; Jim Rowen, April 8, 2002; Jonathan Stielstra, August 21, 2001.

From his office window:
Sewell testimony before Senate Select Committee, October 25, 1967, Legislative Reference Bureau; int. with William Sewell, August 10, 2000.

Harrington, the university president, left Madison:
Harrington testimony before SSC, October 24, 1967, LRB;
Scotton Report.

Ralph Hanson assembled his troops:
Testimony of Ralph Hanson before SSC, November 2, 1967, LRB;
Scotton Report.

Schiro and his men observed quietly:
George Schiro testimony before SSC, November 3, 1967, LRB;
Scotton Report.

Center descended from his office:
Charles C. Center, “Statement prepared as an eyewitness account of the episode of violence on the Madison campus,” October 18, 1967, UW; Hanson testimony at SSC, November 2, 1967, LRB.

Hanson targeted three student leaders:
Ibid.;
Scotton Report.

Emery took the call:
Testimony of William Emery at SSC, LRB; int. James Boll, August 9, 2001.

Consuelo Allen and her younger sisters:
Ints. Jean Ponder Allen Soto, February 3, 2001; Bill and Bebe Coonly, February 3, 2001; Consuelo Allen, February 2–4, 2001; Albert Schwartz, February 3, 2001.

curious bystanders like Jane Brotman:
Ints. Jane Brotman, January 23, 2001, April 8, 2002.

a platoon of sociology professors:
Int. Hal Winsborough, July 10, 2001.

Jack Cipperly was standing:
Cipperly memo to Dean Kauffman, “Description of Events of October 17 and 18, 1967”; int. with Jack Cipperly, June 19, 2001.

The lot was full:
Testimony of Sgt. Kenneth Buss at SSC, November 3, 1967, LRB; ints. Percy Julian, August 24, 2001; Al Roehling, August 17, 2001.

tensions evident within that foursome:
Ints. William Sewell, August 20, 2000; Joseph F. Kauffman, June 19, 2001; Sewell testimony at SSC, October 25, 1967, LRB.

Hanson shared Sewell’s caution:
Hanson testimony at SSC, November 2, 1967, LRB; Marshall Shapiro, August 16, 2001; Shapiro testimony at SSC, October 23, 1967, LRB.

Stark and three escorts:
“The Great Dow War,”
Connections,
November 1–14, 1967;
Scotton Report,
UW; transcripts of Sewell, Hanson, Kauffman, and Emery testimony at SSC, October 23–November 9, 1967; ints. Evan Stark, July 16, 2002; Percy Julian, August 24, 2001; William Sewell oral history interviews by Laura Smail, 1977, 1983, 1985.

Chapter 22: Moments of Decision

Miss Sifting and Winnowing pranced:
Int. Vicki Gabriner, December 27, 2001; communications with Richard Swearingen, January 15, 2003.

William Bablitch, a third-year law:
Testimony of William Bablitch at SSC, October 23–November 7, 1967, LRB.

Betty Menacher, the freshman:
Ints. Betty Menacher, April 27, 2001, April 8, 2002; Jerrilyn Goodman, August 8, 2001; Michael Krasny, May 2, 2001; John Pickart, April 8, 2001; Everett Goodwin, May 17, 2001; John Pickart letter to Pam Crane, October 19, 1967.

To make the detention process:
Transcripts of testimony of William Emery, Ralph Hanson, and Marshall Shapiro at SSC, October 23–November 9, 1967, LRB;
Scotton Report
; private uncatalogued papers of Ralph Hanson.

Stuart Brandes, looming:
Ints. Stuart Brandes, August 6, 2001; William Kaplan, March 28, 2001; Jim Rowen, April 8, 2002; Robert Swacker, May 2, 2002; Jonathan Stielstra, August 21, 2001, Michael Oberdorfer, January 3, 2003; account of Stuart Brandes, written 3–5
P.M.
October 18.

Hanson found his way out:
The narrative account of the confrontation inside Commerce is based on primary documents and interviews. Ints. Paul Soglin, Jim Rowen, Stuart Brandes, Blake Kellogg, Marshall Shapiro, Michael Oberdorfer, Dennis Connor, Bob Swacker, William Kaplan, Al Roehling, Bob Hartwig, Jack Cipperly, Joel Skornicka, James Ozark, Jonathan Stielstra, Vicki Gabriner, Tom Beckman, William Sewell, Joseph Kauffman, John Pickart, Evan Stark, Everett Goodwin, Eric Nathan, Betty Menacher, Michael Krasny; testimony of Hanson, Schiro, Buss, Bablitch, Lederer, Wade, Shapiro at SSC, October 23–November 7, 1967, LRB; Smail oral history interviews with Paul Soglin and William Sewell;
Scotton Report;
account of Stuart Brandes, written 3–5
P.M.
October 18; John Pickart letter to Pam Crane, October 19, 1967; unprocessed papers of Ralph Hanson. Also “The Great Dow War,”
Connections,
November 1–14, 1967, and accounts in the
Capital Times,
October 18, 1967, and
Daily Cardinal
and
WSJ,
October 19, 1967.

Chapter 23: Stars and Stripes

Downtown at police headquarters:
Ints. Tom McCarthy, August 8, 2000; Perry Pierre, April 2, 2001.

Where did this driver come from?: Ints. Paul Soglin, April 10, 2002, June 22, 2001; Robert Samp, August 14, 2001; Michael Oberdorfer, January 2, 2003; “Memo to Chancellor William H. Sewell from Robert C. Hickey, Department of Surgery,” October 25, 1967, UW.

They were just “livid, outraged”:
Ints. Jim Rowen, April 8, 2002; Al Roehling, August 17, 2001; Michael Oberdorfer, January 2, 2003.

Jonathan Stielstra was nearby:
Ints. Jonathan Stielstra August 20–21, 2001.

Jim Boll, the district attorney:
Int. James Boll, August 9, 2001.

Radio newsman Marshall Shapiro:
Testimony of Marshall Shapiro at SSC, October 23–November 7, 1967, LRB; int. Marshall Shapiro, August 16, 2001.

Dave Wagner, a senior:
Ints. Dave Wagner and Grace Wagner, June 2, 2002.

a
Connections
production:
Ints. Mike Oberdorfer, January 3, 2003; Bob Gabriner, May 31, 2002; David Westley, January 3, 2002.

Detective McCarthy was standing:
Ints. Tom McCarthy, August 10, 2000; Jack Cipperly, June 19, 2001; Bob Hartwig, August 16, 2001; testimony of Ralph Hanson, George Schiro, Bob Hartwig at SSC, October 23–November 7, 1967, LRB;
Scotton Report.

Tear gas had never been released:
Ints. Jack Cipperly, June 19, 2001; Jane Brotman, April 9, 2002; Betty Menacher, April 8, 2002; Eric Nathan, January 30, 2001; Tom Beckmann, August 17, 2001; testimony of William Emery, Ralph Hanson, Warren Wade at SSC, October 23–November 7, 1967, LRB; Stark, “In Exile,”
History and the New Left.

Jonathan Stielstra had returned:
Account of Stielstra’s flag cutting drawn from ints. Jonathan Stielstra, August 20–21, 2001; Norm Lenburg, August 20, 2001; Jim Rowen, April 8, 2002; Bob Rennebohm, September 4, 2001.

“just sort of in a daze”:
Int. Jim Rowen, April 8, 2002; communications from Eleanor McGovern, November 2002.

By the time Paul Soglin:
Ints. Paul Soglin, June 22, 2001, April 10, 2002; Percy Julian, August 24, 2001.

News of the calamitous events:
Accounts in
WSJ
and
Capital Times,
October 19, 1967.

There was a mass meeting:
Ints. Jim Rowen, Jane Brotman, Paul Soglin, Betty Menacher, Morris Edelson, Ronald Davis, Bill Kaplan, Mike Oberdorfer, Jonathan Stielstra, Jack Cipperly; John Pickart letter to Pam Crane, October 19, 1967;
TAA Review—The Sequence of Events,
November 1967, SHSW.

Kauffman’s wife and teenaged son:
Ints. Joseph Kauffman, June 19, 2001; William Sewell, August 10, 2000; unprocessed papers of Ralph Hanson.

Chapter 24: “Bombing Washington”

At a midday Cabinet meeting: White House Daily Diary,
October 18, 1967, LBJ. Johnson attended the Cabinet meeting after a noontime visit to the Church of the Epiphany on G Street NW to mark the National Day of Prayer; “Minutes of Cabinet Meeting of October 18, 1967, The White House,” LBJ;
State Journal
editorial page, October 19, 1967.

President Johnson reconvened:
“Notes of the President’s Wednesday Night Meeting in the Cabinet Room,” Tom Johnson Notes, box 1, LBJ.

The Politburo in Hanoi:
Ho Khang,
The Tet Mau Than 1968 Event in South Vietnam.

Chapter 25: Body Count

On the morning of October 19:
Int. Jim Shelton, November 6, 2002.

At Alpha Company’s camp:
Int. Tom Grady, March 27, 2002.

On the other side of Lai Khe:
Ints. Gerry Grosso, December 13, 2002; Ray Albin, January 29, 2001, David Laub, March 5, 2001.

“unbelievable” mismanagement: Hearings before the Special Subcommittee on the M-16 Rifle Program of the Committee on Armed Services,
House of Representatives, May 15–August 22, 1967, report released October 18, 1967.

Of most interest to Goodman:
Int. Steve Goodman, November 20, 2000.

They had a dual meaning:
S.L.A. Marshall,
Men Against Fire,
54–57; Russell W. Glenn,
Reading Athena’s Dance Card,
49.

John A. Cash, an army historian:
Ints. Vince Demma, March 28, 2001; John Albright, March 29, 2001; George MacGarrigle, March 30, 2001; Alan Sandstrom, April 2, 2001; Martha White, April 9, 2002; Cash notes and documents, CMH.

To protect both their own careers:
William M. Hammond,
Public Affairs: The Military and the Media, 1962–1968;
Release of Casualty Information; Adm. Sharp telex to Gen. Westmoreland, October 15, 1967, Westmoreland papers, MHI.

The battle was only a few days gone:
Ints. Ernest Buentiempo, June 9, 2002; Gerard Grosso, December 13, 2002; Phil Duncan, March 5, 2001; Carl Woodard, May 27, 2001; Tom Grady, March 27, 2002; Mike Taylor letter to parents, October 19, 1967; reel-to-reel tapes sent home by Mike Troyer, October 19, 1967; letters from Greg Landon in 93rd Evacuation Hospital and from Jim George in 24th Evacuation Hospital, October 19, 1967.

Chapter 26: “Tragedy Beyond Our Words”

Bill Sewell awoke:
Int. William Sewell, September 15, 2000; Smail,
Three Interviews.

Paul Soglin had run through:
Ints. Paul Soglin, June 22, 20001, April 10, 2002.

The circus atmosphere:
Int. Ronald Davis, May 8, 2002; Davis,
The San Francisco Mime Troupe.

In place of the mime agitators:
Ints. James Hadden, April 3, 2001; accounts in
Capital Times, Daily Cardinal, WSJ,
October 19–20, 1967;
TAA Review.

The first picketers stationed:
John Pickart letter to Pam Crane, October 19, 1967.

Jane Brotman, although:
Ints. Jane Brotman, January 24, 2002, April 9, 2002; Jane Brotman letter to father, October 19, 1967. The letter struck a chord with Brotman’s father, who until then had been dismissive of her reaction to the Dow protest. He was so impressed by what she wrote that he gave a copy of the letter to the local newspaper, the
News Record
in South Orange, which later republished it, without using Brotman’s name, as part of an editorial titled “Credo of Today’s Youth.” The editorial writer, commenting at the end of the letter, wrote: “Can anyone challenge the thinking in this sincere and revealing letter? I’m proud of this young woman and the generation she represents. We’re going to be in good hands.”

an hour-long conversation:
“Notes of the President’s Meeting with Robert Manning of
The Atlantic,
” October 19, 1967, LBJ.

Norman Lenburg’s second-to-last day:
Int. Norm Lenburg, August 20, 2001;
WSJ,
October 19, 1967.

At least one reader:
Ints. Jonathan Stielstra, August 21, 2001; Michael Oberdorfer, January 3, 2003; Bob Gabriner, May 31, 2002;
Connections,
October, November, 1967.

Appropriating a favorite word:
“The Spectacle of Violence,”
Capital Times,
October 19, 1967.

When the special meeting:
Narrative account of faculty meeting drawn from
Special Meeting of the University of Wisconsin Faculty, 3:30
P.M
. Thursday, October 19, 1967, Memorial Union Theater,
UW; Ints. William Sewell, September 15, 2000; Joseph Kauffman, June 19, 2001; Samuel Mermin, August 7, 2001; Paul Soglin, June 22, 2001; Mike Oberdorfer, January 3, 2003, Robert Barnett, March 19, 2002; Jane Brotman, April 9, 2002; Kenneth W. Thompson memo to Chancellor Sewell,
Mermin Report,
1968 UW; Mosse,
Confronting History.