Authors: Edwin Black
| 129. | Buck v. Bell 274 U.S. 200 (1927). |
| 130. | Buckv. Bell 274 U.S. 200 (1927). |
| 131. | Buck v. Bell 274 U.S. 200 (1927). |
| 132. | Buckv. Bell 274 U.S. 200(1927). |
| 133. | Smith, pp. 16, 179. Lombardo, “Three Generations, No Imbeciles,” p. 61. |
| 134. | Harry H. Laughlin, Eugenical Sterilization: 1926; Historical, Legal, and Statistical Review o[ Eugenical Sterilization in the United States (New Haven, CT: The American Eugenics Society, 1926), p. 60. |
| 135. | Laughlin, Eugenical Sterilization: 1926 , pp. 21-22,60. Abraham Myerson et. aI., Eugenical Sterilization: A Reorientation o[ the Problem (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1936), p. 10. |
| 136. | Human Betterment Foundation, Legal Status of Eugenical Sterilization (ca. 1940), Truman D -4-2: 11. |
| 137. | Legal Status of Eugenical Sterilization. |
| 138. | E. Carleton MacDowell, “Charles Benedict Davenport, 1866-1944. A Study of Conflicting Influences,” BIOS Vol. XVII, no. 1, p. 30. |
| 1. | See US Const, Amend XIX. Margaret Sanger: An Autobiography (W. W. Norton & Company, 1938; New York: Dover Publications, 1971), p. 13. |
| 2. | Ellen Chesler, Women of Valor (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1992), p. 68. |
| 3. | Sanger, pp. 86-89, 213-215. Also see Chesler, p. 62. Also see Margaret Sanger, The Pivot of Civilization (New York: Brentano’s, 1922), p. 29. See Doris Weatherford, American Women's History, (New York: Prentice Hall General Reference, 1994), pp. 182-183. |
| 4. | Sanger, An Autobiography, pp. 90-92. Also see Chesler, p. 63. |
| 5. | Sanger, An Autobiography, p. 92. |
| 6. | Sanger, An Autobiography, pp. 92-93,107-108, 190, 192-209,292-294. Sanger, Pivot of Civilization, pp. 12, 16,26-27,272-273. Margaret Sanger, “Address,” read at the Thirtieth Annual Meeting luncheon of the Planned Parenthood Federation of America, New York City, 25 October 1950, p. 1: Wellcome Institute, Box 112. David M. Kennedy, Birth Control in America: The Career of Margaret Sanger, (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1970), pp. 256-257. |
| 7. | Sanger, Pivot of Civilization, pp. 14, 18-21190-192,194. Sanger, An Autobiography, p. 308. See also Sanger, An Autobiography, pp. 301-304. |
| 8. | See Planned Parenthood Foundation of America, “Our Founder: Margaret Sanger” at www.plannedparenthood.org . |
| 9. | Sanger, Pivot of Civilization, pp. 101-102. See Julian Huxley, “Towards A Higher Civilization,” Birth Control Review (December, 1930), p. 344. “Editorial,” Birth Control Review (March, 1928), p. 73. |
| 10. | Sanger, Pivot of Civilization, p. 101. Huxley, p. 344. |
| 11. | Sanger, An Autobiography, pp. 376-377. Margaret Sanger, “A Plan for Peace,” Birth Control Review, April 1932, pp. 107-108. Margaret Sanger, excerpt from “Racial Betterment,” The Selected Papers o[ Margaret Sanger: Volume 1: The Woman Rebel, 1900-1928, edited by Esther Katz (Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2003), p. 446. |
| 12. | Sanger, Pivot of Civilization, pp. 104, 108-109, 113-117,120-121,123. |
| 13. | Sanger, Pivot of Civilization, pp. 109,112, 116. Margaret Sanger, “Is Race Suicide Probable?” Col/ier)-, August 15,1925, p. 25 as selected by Michael W. Perry, ed., The Pivot of Civilization: In Historical Perspective (Seattle, WA: Inkling Books, 2001), p. 176. |
| 14. | Katz, pp. 333-334. Chesler, pp, 343-344. Margaret Sanger Papers Project, “Notes on Sources,” The National Committee on Federal Legislation for Birth Control 1929-1937 at www.nyu.edu . Henry Pratt Fairchild, The Melting-Pot Mistake (Boston: Little, Brown, and Company: 1926), pp. 109-112. |
| 15. | See Roswell H.Johnson, “The Eugenic Aspects of Population Theory,” Birth Control Review, September 1930, pp. 256-258. See Eleanor DwightJones, “Practical Race Betterment,” Birth Control Review, July 1928, pp. 203-204. See American Medicine, “Intelligent or Unintelligent Birth Control?” Birth Control Review, May 1919, p. 12. See Sanger, “Address,” p. 3. See Perry, p. 176. |
| 16. | Victoria C. Woodhull, “The Rapid Multiplication of the Unfit,” as selected by Perry, p. 31. |
| 17. | Sanger, Pivot of Civilization, p. 81. |
| 18. | Sanger, An Autobiography, p. II. |
| 19. | Sanger, An Autobiography, p. 29. |
| 20. | Sanger, An Autobiography, pp. 107-108. |
| 21. | Stephen S. Wise, “The Synagogue and Birth Control,” Birth Control Review, October 1926, pp. 301-302. Margaret Sanger Papers Project, “ABCL Staff, Officers, and Board Members for 1921-1928,” The American Birth Control League 1921-1939 at www.nyu.edu . |
| 22. | Sanger, Pivot of Civilization, p. 189. |
| 23. | Sanger, Pivot of Civilization, p. 105. |
| 24. | Sanger, Pivot of Civilization, p. 108. |
| 25. | Sanger, Pivot of Civilization, pp. 116-117. |
| 26. | Sanger, Pivot of Civilization, p. 115. |
| 27. | Sanger, Pivot of Civilization, p. 123. |
| 28. | Sanger, Pivot of Civilization, p. 112. |
| 29. | Margaret Sanger, Woman and the New Race (New York: Brentano’s, 1920), Chapter 6. |
| 30. | H. G. Wells, Introduction to Sanger, Pivot of Civilization, p. xvi. |
| 31. | “Intelligent or Unintelligent Birth Control?” Also see Sanger, Woman and the New Race, Chapter 4. |
| 32. | Sanger, Pivot of Civilization, p. 104. |
| 33. | Sanger, Pivot of Civilization, pp. 101-102. |
| 34. | Sanger, Pivot of Civilization, pp. 277, 282. Also see “Principles and Aims of the American Birth Control League,” pamphlet: California State Archives. |
| 35. | Sanger, Woman and the New Race, Chapter 3. |
| 36. | Sanger, Woman and the New Race, Chapter 3. |
| 37. | Letter, Isabelle Keating to Margaret Sanger, 4 January 1932: Margaret Sanger Papers Project. Letter, Margaret Sanger to Isabelle Keating, 15 January 1932: Margaret Sanger Papers Project. |
| 38. | John C. Duvall, “The Purpose of Eugenics,” Birth Control Review, December 1924, p. 344: California State Archives. |
| 39. | Sanger, Woman and the New Race, Chapter 7. |
| 40. | Sanger, Woman and the New Race, Chapter 5. |
| 41. | Perry, p. 176. |
| 42. | Lothrop Stoddard, The Rising Tide of Color Against White World Supremacy (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1926), pp. 303-304. |
| 43. | Stoddard, pp. 259-260, 306. |
| 44. | Margaret Sanger Papers Project, The American Birth Control League 1921-1939. Letter, Margaret Sanger to Henry F. Osborn, 6 October 1921: APS B:D27 Davenport - Sanger, Margaret. See The American Birth Control League 1921-1939 . “Tentative Program,” program of the Sixth International Neo-Malthusian and Birth Control Conference: Truman E-I-I:l. |
| 45. | Eugenics Research Association, Officers and Committee List of the Eugenics Research Association- January 1927 (Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Eugenics Research Association, 1927): Truman, ERA Membership Records. Professor Irving Fisher, “A Reply,” Official Proceedings of the Second National Conference on Race Betterment (Battle Creek, MI: The Race Betterment Foundation, 1915). |
| 46. | Letter, Sanger to Osborn, 6 October 1921. Letter, Harry H. Laughlin to Irving Fisher, 26 March 1925: Truman E-l-l:1. |
| 47. | Margaret Sanger Papers Project, “Staff Members, Officers, Board Members, Chairman and Committee Members,” The National Committee on Federal Legislation for Birth Control 1929-1937 at www.nyu.edu . Margaret Sanger Papers Project, “BCFA Staff, Officers, Board and Committee Members,” The Birth Control Federation of America 1939-1942 at www.nyu.edu . Margaret Sanger Papers Project, “Organization of Council,” The Birth Control Council of America 1937 at www.nyu.edu . Margaret Sanger Papers Project, “BCCRB Staff, Officers, Council Members, and Board Members,” The Birth Control Clinical Research Bureau 1928-1939 at www.nyu.edu . Margaret Sanger Papers Project, faxed list of letters berween Margaret Sanger and Henry Pratt Fairchild. |
| 48. | Fairchild, pp. 150,261. |
| 49. | The National Committee on Federal Legislation for Birth Control 1929-1937. The Birth Control Federation of America 1939-1942. The Birth Control Clinical Research Bureau 1928-1939. American Birth Control League, “World Population Conference,” Eugenical News Vol. XII (1927), p. 133. Faxed list of letters berween Margaret Sanger and Henry Pratt Fairchild. |
| 50. | “Tentative Program.” |
| 51. | Roswell H. Johnson, “Population Control by Immigration,” Birth Control Review, February 1932, p. 57. “A Plan for Peace,” pp. 107-108. Katz, p. 446. |
| 52. | See Sanger, Pivot of Civilization, pp. 101-102. |
| 53. | See Sanger, Pivot of Civilization, p. 104. See Margaret Sanger, “An Answer to Mr. Roosevelt,” Birth Control Review, December 1917, as reprinted in Perry, pp. 156-157. |
| 54. | “Eugenics vs. Birth Control,” Eugenical News, Vol. II (1917), p. 73. |
| 55. | Letter, Margaret Sanger to Henry F. Osborn, 6 October 1921: APS B:D27 Davenport-Sanger, Margaret. Letter, Charles B. Davenport to Margaret Sanger, 21 October 1921: APS B:D27 Davenport - Sanger, Margaret. |
| 56. | Letter, Charles B. Davenport to Margaret Sanger, 13 February 1925:APSB:D27 Davenport - Sanger, Margaret. |
| 57. | Letter, Margaret Sanger to Harry H. Laughlin, 13 March 1925: Truman E-l-l:1. “Tentative Program.” Letter, Margaret Sanger to Harry H. Laughlin, 24 March 1925: Truman E-I-l :l. Letter, Harry H. Laughlin to Margaret Sanger, 26 March 1925: Truman E-I-I:1. |
| 58. | Margaret Sanger, “Editorial,” The Birth Control Review Vol. IX, No.6 (June, 1925), p. 163. See Letter, Paul Popenoe to Madison Grant, 14 April 1928: APS B:D27 Grant, Madison #5. Also see “Birth Control and Eugenics,” Eugenical News Vol. X (1925), p. 58. |
| 59. | “Editorial.” “Birth Control and Eugenics.” See Paul Popenoe and Roswell Hill Johnson, Applied Eugenics, rev. ed. (New York: The MacMillan Company, 1935). Also see “Birth Control and Eugenics,” p. 58. |
| 60. | “Editorial,” pp. 163-164. |
| 61. | “Tenth Annual Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Eugenics Research Association,” Eugenical News Vol. VII (1922), p. 89. |
| 62. | Letter, Leon F. Whitney to Charles B. Davenport, 3 April 1928: APS B:D27 Davenport - Leon Whitney # 1. “Tentative Program.” The National Committee on Federal Legislation for Birth Control 1929-1937 . The Birth Control Federation of America 1939-1942 . The Birth Control Council of America. The Birth Control Clinical Research Bureau 1928-1939 . Also see Chesler, p. 217. |
| 63. | Reverend Albert P. Van Dusen, “Birth Control as Viewed by a Sociologist,” Birth Control Review, May 1924, p. 133. |
| 64. | Duvall, p. 345. |
| 65. | Duvall, p. 345. Van Dusen, p. 134. |
| 66. | Whitney to Davenport, 3 April 1928. |
| 67. | Popenoe to Grant, 14 April 1928. |
| 68. | Popenoe to Grant, 14 April 1928. |
| 69. | Letter, Madison Grant to Leon F. Whitney, 15 April 1928: APS B:D27 - Grant, Madison #5. Letter, Charles B. Davenport to Madison Grant, 21 April 1928: APS B:D27 - Grant, Madison #5. |
| 70. | Davenport to Grant, 21 April 1928. Letter, Charles B. Davenport to Leon F. Whitney, 5 April 1928: APS B:D27 Davenport - Leon Whitney #1. |
| 71. | Davenport to Whitney, 5 April 1928. |
| 72. | Davenport to Whitney, 5 April 1928. |
| 73. | Letter, Henry Pratt Fairchild to Dr. Harry F. Perkins, 9 February 1933: VT PRA-21. See State of Vermont Department of Buildings and General Services, “Content and Historical Significance of Records,” The Papers of the Eugenics Survey of Vermont at www.bgs.state.vt.us . |
| 74. | Letter, Henry Pratt Fairchild to Dr. Harry F. Perkins, 8 March 1933 : VT PRA-21. |
| 75. | Fairchild to Perkins, 8 March 1933. |