War: What is it good for? (69 page)

225  “no two nations have ever existed”: President James Buchanan, December 1858, cited in Foreman 2010, p. 39.

225  “I think there's an enormous amount”: Prime Minister David Cameron, interview at Amritsar, India, February 19, 2013, cited in
www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2281422/David-Cameron-talks-pride-British-Empire-stops-short-giving-apology-Amritsar-massacre.html
.

226  “American holocaust”: Particularly Stannard 1993.

228  “Take up the White man's burden”: Rudyard Kipling, “The White Man's Burden: The United States and the Philippine Islands,”
McClure's,
February 12, 1899.

228  “Pile on the brown man's burden”: Henry Labouchère, “The Brown Man's Burden,”
Literary Digest,
February 1899,
www.swans.com/library/art8/xxx074.html
.

228  “These petty principalities”: Lieutenant Murray, local commission report on Nepal (1824), cited in L. James 1997, p. 73.

229  “of rupees, sacks of diamonds”: Anonymous pamphlet (1773), cited in L. James 1997, p. 49.

229  “shall not accept, receive or take directly”: Regulating Act (1773), cited in L. James 1997, p. 52.

229  “I impeach him”: Edmund Burke, opening speech in the impeachment of Warren Hastings, London, February 15, 1788, cited in N. Ferguson 2003, p. 55.

230  “injurious”: Calcutta Supreme Court, circular order, July 10, 1810, cited in Kolsky 2010, p. 28.

230  “defied my authority”: Judge J. Ahmuty, Calcutta, December 3, 1808, cited in Kolsky 2010, p. 27.

230  “in all lands”: Aurangzeb, December 1663, cited in Ikram 1964, p. 236.

230  “useful sciences”: Rammohun Roy (1823), cited in S. Bayly 1999, p. 459.

230  “My lord”: Rammohun Roy, cited in Fernández-Armesto 2010, p. 740.

230  “India, in a like manner”: Rammohun Roy (1832), cited in C. Bayly 2004, p. 293.

231  “replied that he reckoned”: Hackney 1969, p. 908.

232  “the profitability of European colonial empires”: Acemoglu and Robinson 2012, p. 271.

234  “The preservation of a general peace”: Tsar Nicholas II, August 24, 1898, cited in Sheehan 2008, p. 22.

234  “a new star in the cultural heavens”: Bertha Felicitas Sophie Freifrau von Suttner (Baroness von Suttner and Countess Kinsky von Wchinitz und Tettau), statement at the First Hague Conference, May 1899, cited in Sheehan 2008, p. 30.

5.
STORM OF STEEL

235  “produced by office-boys”: Lord Salisbury (prime minister 1895–1902), quoted in Fyfe 1930, p. 63.

235  “What is the real guarantee”: Angell 1913 (originally published 1910), pp. 295, 361.

237  “The nations in 1914”: Lloyd George 1933, p. 52.

237  “One must think of the intercourse of nations”: Churchill 1931, pp. 27–28.

238  
The March of Folly:
Tuchman 1984.

238  “When constabulary duty's to be done”: William Gilbert and Arthur Sullivan,
The Pirates of Penzance
. The opera premiered on December 31, 1879, in New York (perhaps a sign of the times) and came to London in 1880.

241  “There are known unknowns”: Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld, February 12, 2002, press briefing, Washington, D.C.,
www.defense.gov/transcripts/transcript.aspx?transcriptid=2636
.

242  “the pivot region of the world's politics”: Mackinder 1904, p. 434.

242  “If Germany were to ally herself”: Ibid., p. 436.

244  “a central European customs union”: Walther Rathenau, “Deutsche Gefahren und neue Zielen,”
Neue Freie Presse
(Vienna), December 25, 1913, trans. in Fischer 1974, p. 14.

245  “considered the question”: Kaiser Wilhelm II to Alexander Count Hoyos, July 4, 1914, trans. in Herwig 2009, p. 9.

245  “self-castration”: Chancellor Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg, cited in Stevenson 2004, p. 34.

245  “The general aim of the war”: Kurt Riezler, secret document prepared for von Bethmann Hollweg, September 9, 1914, trans. at
www.wwnorton.com/college/history/ralph/workbook/ralprs34.htm
.

246  “If the pessimistic [Lieutenant Colonel] Hentsch”: Captain Edward Jenö von Egan-Krieger, who was present at Hentsch's visit to Second Army headquarters on September 8–9, 1914, but only published his account after his death in 1965. Trans. in Herwig 2009, p. 266.

246  “like a bolt of thunder”: Lieutenant Colonel Schmidt, 133rd Reserve Infantry Regiment, September 9, 1914, trans. in Herwig 2009, p. 302.

247  “The enemy's fire”: Charles de Gaulle, cited in de la Gorce 1963, p. 102.

248  “Breaking through the enemy's lines”: General John French, minutes, January 1915, cited in Strachan 2003, p. 163.

249  “Generals were like men without eyes”: Keegan 1998, p. 321.

249  “like a flock of sheep”: Lieutenant Teller, April 22, 1915, cited in Corrigan 2003, p. 165.

249  “If you could hear”: Wilfred Owen, “Dulce et Decorum Est” (1917), lines 21–24.

250  “My boy, this is war”: Second Lieutenant Murray Rymer Jones, cited in Hart 2008, p. 20.

251  “Our consuls in Turkey and India”: Kaiser Wilhelm II, July 30, 1914, cited in Strachan 2001, p. 696.

251  “German prestige”: von Ludendorff 1920.

252  “a single, magnificent collision of infantry”: V. D. Hanson 1989, p. 9.

252  “modern system”: Biddle 2004, pp. 28, 35.

252  “Gas! Gas!”: Owen, “Dulce et Decorum Est,” lines 9–10.

253  “strategic paralysis”: Major J. F. C. Fuller, memorandum, “Strategic Paralysis as the Object of the Decisive Attack,” May 1918, cited in Watts and Murray 1996, p. 382.

253  “To attack the nerves of an army”: Fuller, lecture given in London (1932), cited in Watts and Murray 1996, p. 382n35.

254  “With our backs to the wall”: Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig, “Backs to the Wall” Order, April 11, 1918, cited in Edmonds 1951, p. 305.

254  “Retreat?”: Usually attributed to Captain Lloyd Williams, June 3, 1918, although some sources name Major Frederic Wise. Cited in Keegan 1998, p. 407.

255  “At eleven o'clock”: Prime Minister David Lloyd George, speech to Parliament, November 11, 1918, cited in
Hansard,
November 11, 1918, col. 2463.

255  “want of money”: Pepys,
Diary,
September 30, 1661,
www.pepysdiary.com/archive/1661/09/30/
.

256  “in no single theatre”: Field Marshal Sir Henry Wilson (1921), cited in N. Ferguson 2006, p. 320.

256  “We cannot alone act”: Andrew Bonar Law (1922), cited in N. Ferguson 2006, p. 320.

257  “The change since 1914”: Noyes 1926, pp. 436–37.

257  “peace, commerce, and honest friendship”: Thomas Jefferson, first inaugural address, Washington, D.C., March 4, 1801,
http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson%27s_First_Inaugural_Address
.

257  “peace without victory”: President Woodrow Wilson, speech to the U.S. Senate, January 22, 1917,
https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/ww15.htm
.

257  “a single and overwhelming powerful group of nations”: Woodrow Wilson, speech in London, September 1918, cited in Mazower 2012, p. 128.

257  “the efficient civilized nations”: President Theodore Roosevelt, January 4, 1915, cited in
www.theodoreroosevelt.org/TR%20Web%20Book/TR_CD_to_HTML342.html
.

257  “I am for a league of nations”: Lloyd George, September 1918, cited in Mazower 2012, p. 128.

258  “the League of Nations”: Nehru 1942, p. 638.

258  “stinking corpse”: Vladimir Lenin, Moscow, March 1919, cited in Mazower 2012, p. 177.

258  “destroy the rule of capital”: Nikolai Bukharin, Moscow, March 1919, cited in Degras 1965, p. 35.

258  “Comrade!”: Lenin to the Bolsheviks of Penza, August 1918, cited in N. Ferguson 1998, p. 394.

259  “The 1929 crisis”: H. James 2009, pp. 47–48.

260  “expose to depredation”: British Chiefs of Staff, October 1932, cited in N. Ferguson 2006, p. 321.

260  “It is the virtue of the Englishman”: Goldsworthy Lowes Dickinson (1913), cited in j. Morris 1978, p. 306.

260  “All over India”: Orwell 1937, chap. 9.

260  “There are Englishmen who reproach themselves”: Adolf Hitler,
Mein Kampf
(Munich: Eher, 1924).

261  “Our nation”: Lieutenant Colonel Ishiwara Kanji (1932), cited in Yasuba 1996, p. 553n30.

262  “We really got busy”: Anonymous Japanese worker, quoted in Taya Cook and Cook 1992, p. 49.

262  “We took turns raping them”: Azuma Shiro, interviewed for the film
In the Name of the Emperor
(1995), cited in I. Chang 1997, p. 49.

262  “You and I”: Lieutenant Colonel Tanaka Ryukichi, Nanjing, December 1937, cited in N. Ferguson 2006, p. 477.

263  “Were the Chinese”: Mackinder 1904, p. 437.

264  “the Japanese people”: Ishiwara (1932), cited in Totman 2000, p. 424.

264  Second Punic War: Kaiser Wilhelm II, mentioned in a letter from Admiral Henning von Holtzendorff to Chancellor Georg Michaelis, September 14, 1917, trans. in Lutz 1969, pp. 47–48.

264  “Germany's problem”: Hitler, meeting at the Reich Chancellery, Berlin, November 5, 1937, cited in Evans 2005, p. 359.

264  “Greatest Possible Germany”: N. Ferguson 2006, p. 315.

265  
“above all
in the ‘follow-through'”: Liddell Hart 1965, vol. 1, p. 164.

265  “deep battle”: Citino 2004, p. 79.

266  “We shall go on to the end”: Churchill, speech to Parliament, June 4, 1940, quoted in Churchill 1949, p. 104.

266  “could be counted on” … “No one dared”: Secretary of War Anthony Eden and Brigadier Charles Hudson, secret meeting in York, June 5, 1940, cited in Andrew Roberts 2011, p. 88.

266  “Russians lost this war”: General Franz Halder to Louise von Benda, July 3, 1941, cited in Weinberg 2005, p. 267.

266  “We found him in an armchair”: Anastas Mikoyan, memoirs, June 30, 1941, cited in Bullock 1993, p. 722.

266  “The main thing”: Adolf Hitler to Joseph Goebbels, July 25, 1938, cited in Evans 2005, p. 577.

267  “a monstrous tyranny”: Churchill, speech to the House of Commons, May 13, 1940, cited in Churchill 1949, p. 24.

267  “the whole world”: Churchill, speech to the House of Commons, June 18, 1940, cited in Churchill 1949, p. 198.

267  “For a foreseeable period”: Hitler, meeting at the Reich Chancellery, Berlin, November 5, 1937, cited in Evans 2005, p. 359.

268  “What does the USA amount to anyway?”: Hermann Göring, cited in Weinberg 2005, p. 238.

268  “Now at this very moment”: Churchill 1950, p. 539.

271  “The war situation”: Emperor Hirohito, radio broadcast, August 15, 1945, cited in Frank 1999, p. 320.

271  “a plain and bold intimation”: Churchill, cabinet minutes, August 1941, cited in Mazower 2012, p. 195.

271  “It was extraordinarily unreal”: Malcolm Muggeridge,
Diary,
December 16, 1945, cited in Kynaston 2007, p. 133.

272  “What this means to us”: Vere Hodgson, diary, March 19, 1950, cited in Kynaston 2007, p. 510.

272  “the hallmark of the twentieth century”: General Colmar von der Goltz, letter (1916), cited in Strachan 2003, p. 123.

272  “a thing”: J. A. Quitzow, “Penang Experiences” (January 27, 1942), cited in Bayly and Harper 2004, p. 120.

272  “Great Britain has lost an empire”: Dean Acheson, speech at West Point Military Academy, December 5, 1962.

273  “an Iron Curtain has descended”: Winston Churchill, speech at Westminster College, Fulton, Missouri, March 5, 1946,
www.nato.int/docu/speech/1946/s460305a_e.htm
.

274  “the monkey house”: Undersecretary of State Dean Acheson (1946), cited in Mazower 2012, p. 222.

274  Operation Unthinkable: N. Ferguson 2006, p. 592.

274  “no sense merely shuddering”: President Dwight D. Eisenhower, National Security Council meeting, September 24, 1953, cited in E. Thomas 2012, p. 102.

274  “virtually all of Russia”: Captain William Brigham Moore, Offutt Air Force Base, Nebraska, March 15, 1954, quoted in Rosenberg and Moore 1981, p. 25.

276  
Colossus:
N. Ferguson 2004a.
Empire:
N. Ferguson 2003.

277  “It was … the perfect capitalist solution”: Kagan 2012, p. 40.

279  “to keep the Russians out”: General Hastings Lionel Ismay, 1st Baron Ismay (1949), cited in D. Reynolds 1994, p. 13.

279  “are basing all our planning”: Montgomery 1954, p. 508.

280  “Our Germans”: Kaufman and Wolfe 1980, p. 33. The phrase appears in the film version of
The Right Stuff
(Warner Bros., 1983) but not in Tom Wolfe's novel.

280  “Listen now”: NBC broadcast, October 5, 1957, cited in E. Thomas 2012, p. 253.

281  “Why not throw a hedgehog”: Nikita Khrushchev, April 1962, cited in Fursenko and Naftali 1997, p. 171.

281  “disinvented”: Eisenhower, March 1953, cited in Rosenberg 1983, p. 27.

282  “the longest suicide note in history”: Labour MP Gerald Kaufman, June 1983, cited in Marr 2007, p. 450.

282  “When we build”: Secretary of Defense Harold Brown, statement to a joint meeting of the House and Senate Budget Committees, January 31, 1979, cited in Odom 1988, p. 115.

282  “The troops will march in”: President John F. Kennedy, interview with Arthur Schlesinger, October 1961, cited in E. Thomas 2012, pp. 408–9.

283  “cut off the North's front from its rear”: General Cao Van Vien, April 1972, cited in Summers 1982, p. 119.

286  “When I told the British”: Colonel Oleg Gordievsky (KGB resident designate in London and double agent, 1982–85), quoted in Sebestyen 2009, p. 88.