Read Why the West Rules--For Now Online
Authors: Ian Morris
Tags: #History, #Modern, #General, #Business & Economics, #International, #Economics
famine in,
505
Irene, Empress,
363
iron,
233
,
380
–82,
388
,
521
,
524
,
604
industrialization and,
495
,
497
,
498
,
506
,
510
for tools,
233
,
251
,
395
for weapons,
128
,
276
,
380
,
386
,
403
irrigation,
155
,
181
,
192
,
196
,
200
,
250
,
265
,
286
,
315
,
319
,
360
–61,
389
,
499
,
561
Isabella, Queen,
416
,
430
Ishmael,
351
Isis,
323
Islam,
354
,
361
,
414
,
446
,
563
Christian attacks on,
362
,
372
–73
extremist,
180
,
551
,
603
holiest shrines of,
408
origins of,
349
–52,
357
plague and,
398
scholarship of,
370
,
571
;
see also
Muslims
Isma’ili Shiites,
364
n
Israel,
90
,
97
,
197
,
535
,
605
ancient,
233
,
235
,
246
–48,
262
archaeological sites in,
86
,
88
,
240
Lost Tribes of,
391
Israelites,
200
,
218
,
219
,
234
–35,
247
Italy,
159
,
215
,
225
,
270
,
346
–47,
371
,
392
,
404
,
410
,
467
,
567
archaeological sites in,
59
,
198
,
200
,
289
–90
Goth invasion of,
314
,
317
Habsburgs and,
446
,
461
literacy in,
379
Renaissance,
416
–20,
569
,
575
,
589
social development in,
268
trade of,
275
,
315
,
316
,
365
tribesmen of,
240
Ivan, Tsar (“the Terrible”),
457
,
458
,
460
Jackson, Peter,
53
Jacob,
191
,
199
,
276
Jacobinism,
504
Jacques, Martin,
11
,
589
Jade
Cong
, Age of,
205
Jainism,
254
n
,
255
Jamaica,
485
Jamestown Colony,
465
,
502
Jamuka,
388
Janissaries,
444
,
452
Japan,
32
,
33
,
136
,
160
,
400
,
421
,
440
–43,
450
,
480
,
483
–84,
494
,
567
,
633
ancient,
127
–29
Buddhism in,
342
China and,
15
,
52
,
211
,
306
,
360
,
361
,
411
,
441
–43,
475
,
531
,
533
closing of,
483
–84,
530
during Cold War,
534
,
535
deforestation in,
451
economy of,
11
,
12
,
360
,
406
,
531
,
535
,
543
,
551
,
570
,
584
energy consumption in,
150
,
153
,
630
health in,
538
labor costs in,
501
,
502
opening to West of,
10
,
14
,
483
,
517
–18,
520
–21
Portugal and,
435
,
440
,
442
prehistoric,
68
Russian war with,
17
,
525
–26,
528
social development in,
144
,
150
–51,
153
,
158
,
522
–25,
643
technology in,
597
,
617
in World War II,
17
,
52
,
531
–34,
578
,
579
Jaspers, Karl,
254
–55
Java,
47
,
60
n
Jerf al-Ahmar (Syria),
96
,
101
,
123
Jericho (Palestine),
102
,
104
–105,
129
Jerusalem,
234
,
249
,
348
,
372
–73
Christian Kingdom of,
373
Jesuits,
477
–79
Jesus,
255
,
256
,
324
–26,
348
,
351
,
352
,
372
,
398
,
513
Jews,
365
,
370
,
427
,
472
,
513
,
532