Worldly Philosopher: The Odyssey of Albert O. Hirschman (102 page)

26
. Miles [Walter Löwenheim],
Socialism’s New Beginning: A Manifesto from Underground Germany
(New York: League for Industrial Democracy, 1934), pp. 48, 90, 96; Lewis Edinger,
German Exile Politics: The Social Democratic Executive Committee in the Nazi Era
(Berkeley: University of California Press, 1956), pp. 83–90.

27
. Dauzat interview, p. 26.

28
. AOH to HH, 9 Apr. 1934, PP;
Crossing Boundaries
, p. 58.

29
. UH,
Noi senzapatria
, pp. 113–116.

30
. AOH,
Crossing Boundaries
, p. 60; ibid., pp. 123–125.

31
. UH to Eugenio Colorni, 3 June 1935, PP.

32
. EH, interview, 29 Nov. 2007.

33
. AOH and SH interview, 11 Oct. 2005.

34
. AOH to UH, 27 Mar. 1957, PP.

35
. AOH to UH, n.d. [early 1970s], PP.

36
. Appendix to Erich Auerbach,
Mimesis: The Representation of Reality in Western Literature
(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2003), p. 573.

37
. AOH,
Crossing Boundaries
, p. 58.

38
. Weber,
Hollow Years
, p. 89.

39
. Stanislao Pugliese,
Carlo Rosselli: Socialist Heretic and Antifascist Exile
(Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999), pp. 122–123.

40
. UH,
Noi senzapatria
, p. 136.

41
. AOH to UH, n.d. [early 1970s], PP.

42
. Hempel interview, p. 26; SH, interview, 1 Aug. 2005.

43
. SH, interview, 1 Aug. 2005; Hempel interview, p. 26.

44
. A.O. Hirschman, interview by Franco Ferraresi,
Corriere della Sera
, 22 Oct. 1993.

45
. AOH, “Doubt and Antifascist Action in Italy, 1936–1938,” in
Propensity
, pp. 118–119; SH, interview, 16 Aug. 2005.

46
. Carlo Rosselli,
Liberal Socialism
, Ed. Nadia Urbinatti (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994).

  
1
. AOH, interview, 21 Apr. 2002.

  
2
. AOH,
Crossing Boundaries
, p. 59.

  
3
. Lionel Robbins,
An Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic Science
(London: Macmillan, 1932), p. 15.

  
4
. Transcript from Hirschman interview, Exile Film Project Records, VC-59/8,Manuscripts and Archives, Yale University Library, New Haven, CT., p. 7.

  
5
. Eugen Weber,
The Hollow Years: France in the 1930s
(New York: W. W. Norton, 1994), p. 46.

  
6
. Hempel interview, p. 18.

  
7
. AOH, interview, 21 Apr. 2002; AOH,
Crossing Boundaries
, p. 59.

  
8
. Dauzat interview, p. 20.

  
9
. “The Calendar of the London School of Economics and Political Science for the Forty-First Session, 1935–36.” (London, 1935), pp. 108–109.

10
. AOH, interview, 21 Apr. 2002; letter of recommendation from P. Barrett Whale, reader in economics at the University of London, 27 May 1936, PP.

11
. Dauzat interview, p. 22.

12
. Hempel interview, p. 23.

13
. Ibid.

14
. Stanislao Pugliese,
Carlo Rosselli: Socialist Heretic and Antifascist Exile
(Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999), pp. 202–203.

15
. Eugenio Colorni,
La malattia della metafisica: Scritti filosofici e autobiografici
(Torino: Einaudi, 2009), p. 41.

16
. Dauzat interview, p. 42.

17
. Ibid., p. 22.

18
. George Orwell,
Homage to Catalonia
(New York: Harcourt Inc., 1980), pp. 9–11.

19
. Confidential File on Albert O Hirschman, FOIPA No. 1030518-000, Federal Bureau of Investigation, U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, DC.

20
. AOH, interview, 20 May 2001.

21
. Pugliese,
Carlo Rosselli
, pp. 205–206.

22
. SH, interview, 16 Mar. 2006.

23
. AOH,
Crossing Boundaries
, pp. 61–63.

24
. AOH, interview, 20 May 2001.

25
. Appendix to Sergio Bertelli,
Il gruppo: La formaziones del gruppo dirigente del PCIU, 1936–1948
(Milano: Rizzoli Editore, 1980), p. 78.

26
. Hempel interview, p. 24; AOH to Ferdinando Briamonte, 25 Oct. 1978, PP.

27
. UH to HH, 3 Dec. 1936, PP.

28
. Ursula Hirschmann,
Noi senzapatria
(Milan: Il Mulino, 1993), pp. 147, 155.

29
. Eugenio Colorni,
Scritti
(Florence: La Nuova Italia, 1975), pp. 337–38; translated version from Albert and Sarah on the occasion of the birth of their first grandson to Lisa Hirschman and Peter Gourevitch on January 1, 1978, PP.

30
. O.A. Hirschmann, “Le Fecondità della Donna Italiana Secondo L’Età e il Numero dei Figli Avuti,” AOHP.

31
. O.A. Hirschmann, “Nota su due recent tavole di nuzialità della popolazione italiana,”
Giornale degli Economisti
(January 1938), pp. 3–10.

32
. “Io, detective dell’economia fascista,”
Corriere della Sera
, 13 Nov. 1987, p. 3.

33
. O.A. Hirschmann, “Les finances et l’économie italiennes: Situation actualle et perspectives,” Société d’Etudes et d’Informations Economiques, 1 juin 1938; ibid.

34
. AOH, interview, 20 May 2001; O. A. Hirschmann, “Il Franco Poincaré e la sua svalutazione,” box 77, folder 1, AOHP.

35
. AOH, interview by Franco Ferraresi,
Corriere della Sera
, 22 Oct. 1993.

36
. SH, interview, 23 Aug. 2007.

37
. AOH, interview, 29 July 2002; SH, interview, 1 Aug. 2005.

38
. Michel de Montaigne,
The Complete Essays
(New York: Penguin, 1987), pp. 1132–1133.

39
. AOH to UH, 23 Mar. 1966, PP.

40
. Lawrence D. Kritzman,
The Fabulous Imagination: On Montaigne’s Essays
(New York: Columbia University Press, 2009); Charles Rosen, “The Genius of Montaigne,”
New York Review of Books
, 14 Feb. 2009; SH to author, 5 Sept. 2007.

41
. AOH to Ferdinando Briamonte, 25 Oct. 1978, PP; Hempel interview, p. 25.

42
. AOH, “Doubt and Antifascist Action in Italy, 1936–1938,” in
Propensity
, pp. 118–119; AOH, Torino Talk, Oct. 1987, box 2, folder 3, AOHP.

43
. EH, interview, 16 Oct. 2006.

44
. AOH, interview, 20 May 2001.

45
. EC to AOH, 3 Sept. 1938, PP; AOH, interview, 20 May 2001.

46
.
New York Times
, 19 Sept. 1938.

47
. Transcript from Hirschman interview, Exile Film Project Records, VC-59/8,Manuscripts and Archives, Yale University Library, New Haven, CT.

  
1
. Edward Said,
Representations of the Intellectual
(New York: Vintage, 1994), pp. 48–52.

  
2
. Eugen Weber,
The Hollow Years: France in the 1930s
(New York: W. W. Norton, 1994), pp. 102–103.

  
3
. Vicki Caron,
Uneasy Asylum: France and the Jewish Refugee Crisis, 1933–1942
(Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1999), pp. 163–181; Timothy P. Maga, “Closing the Door: The French Government and Refugee Policy, 1933–1939,”
French Historical Studies
, 12:3 (Spring 1982), p. 140.

  
4
. AOH to HH, 23 May 1940, PP; EH, interview, 16 Oct. 2006.

  
5
. EC to AOH, January 1939.

  
6
. Hempel interview, p. 30.

  
7
. AOH to Max Ascoli, 4 dic 1938, Ascoli Papers, Boston University.

  
8
. AOH to Max Ascoli, 30 dic 1938, Ascoli Papers, Boston University.

  
9
. OH to Max Ascoli, 25 May 1939, Ascoli Papers, Boston University.

10
. AOH to UH, 21 Feb. 1940, PP.

11
. Hempel interview, p. 30.

12
. Ibid.

13
. O.A. Hirschmann,
L’Activité economique
, 16–31 Janvier 1939, p. 354.

14
. Transcript from Hirschman interview, Exile Film Project Records, VC-59/8,Manuscripts and Archives, Yale University Library, New Haven, CT.

15
. AOH, interview, 15 Apr. 2002.

16
. AOH to Ascoli, 4 dic 1938, Ascoli Papers, Boston University; O.A. Hirschmann, “Étude statistique sur la tendance du commerce extérieur vers l’équilibre et le bilatéralisme,” 1939, box 77, folder 2, AOHP.

17
. O.A. Hirschmann, “Memoire sur le control des changes en Italie,” 1939, p. 82, box 56, folder 3, AOHP.

18
. Ibid., pp. 66, 83.

19
. AOH, interview, 28 May 2002.

20
. Ibid.; Caron,
Uneasy Asylum
, pp. 163–181; Maga, “Closing the Door,” p. 140.

21
. AOH to HH, 18 Sept. 1939, PP.

22
. AOH, interview, 28 May 2002.

23
. AOH to UH, 14 Mar. 1940, PP.

24
. Marc Bloch,
Strange Defeat: A Statement of Evidence Written in 1940
(New York: W.W. Norton, 1968), p. 8.

25
. AOH to HH, 11 June 1940, PP.

26
. AOH to HH, 23 May 1940, PP.

27
. Hannah Diamond,
Fleeing Hitler: France, 1940
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007), p. 83.

28
. Michael R. Marrus and Robert O. Paxton,
Vichy France and the Jews
(Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1981).

29
. AOH, “Four Reencounters,” in
Propensity
, p. 97; Dauzat interview, p. 33.

30
. AOH, interview, 28 May 2002.

31
. AOH, “L’atmosphère à Merseille en 1940,” Colloque Varian Fry, Mars 1999, PP; Andy Marino,
A Quiet American: The Secret War of Varian Fry
(New York: St Martin’s, 1999), pp. 120–121.

32
. Transcript from Hirschman interview, Exile Film Project Records, VC-59/8,Manuscripts and Archives, Yale University Library, New Haven, CT.

33
. Mary Jayne Gold,
Crossroads Marseilles, 1940
(Garden City: Doubleday, 1980), p. 155.

34
. Varian Fry,
Surrender on Demand
(Boulder, CO: Johnson Books, 1997), orig. pub. 1945, pp. 24–25.

35
. Donald Carroll, “Escape from Vichy,”
American Heritage
(June/July 1983), p. 88.

36
. Lisa Fittko,
Escape through the Pyrenees
(Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 1991), pp. 101, 117.

37
. Transcript from Hirschman interview, Exile Film Project Records, VC-59/8,Manuscripts and Archives, Yale University Library, New Haven, CT.

38
. Gold,
Crossroads
, p. 160.

39
. Ibid., p. 158.

40
. Fry,
Surrender
, pp. 46–47.

41
. Gold,
Crossroads
, pp. 160–161.

42
. Ibid., pp. 209–211.

43
. Fry,
Surrender
, p. 89; Gold,
Crossroads
, p. 228.

44
. Transcript from Hirschman interview, Exile Film Project Records, VHS-5/2, Manuscripts and Archives, Yale University Library, New Haven, CT; Fry,
Surrender
, p. 150.

45
. Sheila Isenberg,
A Hero of Our Own: The Story of Varian Fry
(New York: Random House, 2001), pp. 152–153.

46
. OH to Max Ascoli, 25 Sept. 1940, Ascoli Papers, Boston University.

47
. Max Ascoli to OH, 27 Sept. 1940, Ascoli Papers, Boston University.

48
. Max Ascoli to OH, 4 Oct. 1940, Ascoli Papers, Boston University.

49
. OH to Max Ascoli, 2 Oct. 1940, Ascoli Papers, Boston University; Alexander Stevenson, interview, 17 Oct. 2003; Diaries, Alexander Makinsky, 1 Nov. 1940, RG 12.1, RAC.

50
. Fry,
Surrender
, p. 151.

51
. AOH Interview, 15 Apr. 2002.

52
. Diaries, Alexander Makinsky, 1940–42, 26 Dec. 1940, RG 12-1, RAC.

53
. Cited in
www.varianfry.org/fittko_en.htm

54
. AOH to HH, 8 Feb. 1941, PP.

55
. AOH to HH, 13 Feb. 1941, PP.

  
1
. Andy Marino,
A Quiet American: The Secret War of Varian Fry
(New York: St Martin’s, 1999), p. 257.

  
2
. “Fellowship Card, Otto Albert Hirschmann,” Series US-HSS, RAC.

  
3
. AOH, interview, 15 Apr. and 11 June 2002.

  
4
. AOH to UH, 23 Mar. 1941, PP.

  
5
. AOH and SH interview, 11 Oct. 2005; Transcript from Hirschman interview, Exile Film Project Records, VC-60/1-2, Manuscripts and Archives, Yale University Library, New Haven, CT.

  
6
. Ezra Suleiman to SH, n.d., box 20, folder 5, AOHP.

  
7
. “Fellowship Card, Otto Albert Hirschmann,” Series US-HSS, RAC.

  
8
. AOH to UH, 21 July 1941, PP.

  
9
. UH to AOH, 3 July 1941, PP.

10
. AOH and SH interview, 11 Oct. 2005.

11
. Transcript from Hirschman interview, Exile Film Project Records, VC-60/4, Manuscripts and Archives, Yale University Library, New Haven, CT.

12
. AOH to UH, 21 July 1941, PP.

13
. AOH to SH, 21 May 1941, PP.

14
. SH, interview, 14 Apr. 2006.

15
. AOH to SH, May 1941, PP; AOH and SH, interview, 19 Apr. 2005.

16
. AOH to UH, 3 Nov. 1941, PP.