You Will Die: The Burden of Modern Taboos (52 page)

87.
      Gold’s 2003 value varied from roughly $10–14 a gram. Alcohol was based on $1 for a twelve-ounce beer (five percent alcohol). Street values of heroin and cocaine vary widely by city and time. Drug values from average prices in mid-2003. “Price and Purity of Illicit Drugs,” ONDCP, Nov. 2004, pp. 20 and 36.

88.
      Davenport-Hines,
Pursuit of Oblivion
, pp. 128–129.

89.
      Barbara Mikkelson and David Mikkelson, “Citric Acid Trip,”
Snopes.com
, 29 Jan. 2007, ret. 20 Apr. 2012.

90.
      Sullum,
Saying Yes
, p. 156.

91.
      An obvious exception to the latter is when someone is dosed without their knowledge. This abhorrent behavior appears to be limited to immature jerk-offs and the CIA. In 1951 the CIA dosed an entire French town. Henry Samuel, “French Bread Spiked with LSD in CIA Experiment,”
Telegraph.co.uk
, 11 Mar. 2010.

92.
      “Schizophrenia—Causes,”
NHS.uk
, 18 Nov. 2010, ret. 20 Apr. 2012.

93.
      Sidney Cohen, “Lysergic Acid Diethylamide,”
J. Nerv. Ment. Dis
., Jan. 1960, p. 36.

94.
      Maia Szalavitz, “Why the Myth of the Meth-Damaged Brain May Hinder Recovery,”
Time.com
, 21 Nov. 2011.

95.
      Roughly eighty percent are chippers. Gahlinger,
Illegal Drugs
, p. 99.

96.
      Jacob Sullum,
Saying Yes
(2003), pp. 243–245.

97.
      They are not invisible to academics. Hundreds have been interviewed in multiple studies. For an overview see Hamish Warburton, Paul Turnbull, and Mike Hough,
Occasional and Controlled Heroin Use: Not a Problem
? (2005).

98.
      Sullum,
Saying Yes
, p. 245.

99.
      Halsted info from Mike Gray,
Drug Crazy
(1998), pp. 53–55.

100.
    Keith Berge, Marvin Seppala, and Agnes Schipper, “Chemical Dependency and the Physician,”
Mayo Clin. Proc
., July 2009, 84(7), p. 625.

101.
    Richard Miller,
Drug Warriors and Their Prey
(1996), pp. 2–3.

102.
    Sullum,
Saying Yes
, p. 131.

103.
    Ibid., pp. 7–8.

104.
    Those marked with an
^a
from Davenport-Hines,
Pursuit of Oblivion
; with a
^b
from Gahlinger,
Illegal Drugs
; with a
^c
from Russ Kick,
Disinformation Book of Lists
(2004); with a
^d
from Sadie Plant,
Writing on Drugs
(1999).

105.
    “Air Force Rushes to Defend Amphetamine Use,”
TheAge.com
.au, 18 Jan. 2003.

106.
    Plant,
Writing on Drugs
, p. 123.

107.
    Li Zhi-Sui,
Private Life of Chairman Mao
(1994), p. 108.

108.
    Davenport-Hines,
Pursuit of Oblivion
, p. 317.

109.
    Kitty Kelley,
Family
(2004), pp. 303–304.

110.
    “Oprah Reveals On Her Show She Smoked Crack Cocaine,”
Jet
, 30 Jan. 1995.

111.
    Alex Haley,
Autobiography of Malcolm X
(1987), pp. 112, 137.

112.
    Barack Obama,
Dreams from My Father
(1996), p. 93.

113.
    Richard Branson,
Losing My Virginity
(1998), pp. 65–66.

114.
    Ann Harrison, “LSD,”
Wired
, 16 Jan. 2006.

115.
    Leonard Mlodinow,
Feynman’s Rainbow
(2003), p. 96.

116.
    David Rensin, “Bill Gates Interview,”
Playboy
,8 Dec. 1994.

117.
    Stephen Randall,
Playboy Interviews: Movers and Shakers
(2007), p. 97.

118.
    Alun Rees, “Nobel Prize Genius Crick Was High on LSD When He Discovered the Secret of Life,”
Mail on Sunday
, 8 Aug. 2004.

119.
    Russ Kick,
Disinformation Book of Lists
(2004), p. 18.

120.
    Steve Lohr, “Creating Jobs,”
NYTimes.com
, 12 Jan. 1997.

121.
    Branson,
Losing
, p. 112.

122.
    Kelley,
Family
, pp. 303–304.

123.
    Gary Giddins,
Bing Crosby
(2001), p. 181.

124.
    Mlodinow,
Feynman’s Rainbow
, p. 96.

125.
    Stephen Manes and Paul Andrews,
Gates
(1994), pp. 59–60.

126.
    Randall,
Playboy Interviews
, p. 97.

127.
    Nina Burleigh,
Very Private Woman
(1998), pp. 211–213.

128.
    Jacob Sullum,
Saying Yes
(2003), p. 8.

129.
    Alex Kershaw,
Jack London
(1997), pp. 166, 201.

130.
    Eve Conant, “Pot and the GOP,”
Newsweek
, 25 Oct. 2010.

131.
    Pipes found at his home that date to his time have marijuana residue and his Sonnet 76 arguably refers to it with phrases like “noted weed.” Craig Lambert, “Shakespeare’s ‘Tenth Muse’”
Harvard Magazine
, Sep.-Oct. 2001.

132.
    Alex Haley,
Autobiography of Malcolm X
(1987), pp. 81, 137.

133.
    Christian Wiessner, “New York Mayor Featured in Pro-Marijuana Ad,” Reuters, 9 Apr. 2002.

134.
    Sullum,
Saying Yes
, p. 19.

135.
    Peter McWilliams,
Ain’t Nobody’s Business if You Do
(1996), p. 297.

136.
    He wrote a paper on its beneficial and enjoyable effects. David Standish,
Hollow Earth
(2006), p. 17.

137.
    John Ferling,
John Adams
(1992), p. 444; and Russ Kick, ed.,
You Are Being Lied To
(2001), p. 245.

138.
    Kershaw,
Jack London
, p. 166.

139.
    Patrick O’Brian,
Picasso
(1994), pp. 132–133.

140.
    Martin Booth,
Opium
(1996), p. 49.

141.
    Dan Baum,
Smoke and Mirrors
(1996), p. 233.

142.
    Jacob Sullum,
Saying Yes
(2003), p. 198.

143.
    Martin Brecher, et al., “Phencyclidine and Violence,”
J. Clin. Psychopharmacol
., Dec. 1988, p. 397.

144.
    Fia Klötz, et al., “Criminality among Individuals . . .,”
Arch. Gen. Psychiatry
, Nov. 2006, pp. 1274–1279.

145.
    Peter Hoaken and Sherry Stewart, “Drugs of Abuse and the Elicitation of Human Aggressive Behavior,”
Addict. Behav
., 2003, 28, p. 1547; and Brecher, “Phencyclidine and Violence,” p. 400.

146.
    Sullum,
Saying Yes
, pp. 196–198.

147.
    Ibid., pp. 12–13.

148.
    Frank Zappa said this about drugs in general. Ibid., p. 13.

149.
    Richard Miller,
Case for Legalizing Drugs
(1991), p. 63.

150.
    Eric Elbogen and Sally Johnson, “Intricate Link Between Violence and Mental Disorder,”
Arch. Gen. Psychiatry
, Feb. 2009; and communication with Eric Elbogen, 11 Jul. 2012.

151.
    Adi Jaffe, “Crystal Meth Withdrawal,”
PsychologyToday.com
, 23 May 2010.

152.
    See “The Supposed Agonies of Withdrawal” in Theodore Dalrymple,
Romancing Opiates
(2006), pp. 122–139.

153.
    Ibid., pp. 20–32.

154.
    Miller,
Case for Legalizing Drugs
, pp. 29–30, 165; and ibid.

155.
    For example, in June 2005 Artie Lange of the radio program
The Howard Stern Show
missed four days on sick leave, later revealing (Sep. 21, 2006) he had detoxed from heroin at home.

156.
    Jacob Sullum,
Saying Yes
(2003), p. 224, and Richard Davenport-Hines,
Pursuit of Oblivion
(2002), p. 216.

157.
    Sullum,
Saying Yes
, pp. 242–244.

158.
    For more on the “clinician’s error” see Patricia Cohen and Jacob Cohen, “Clinician’s Illusion,”
Arch. Gen. Psychiatry
, Dec. 1984, 41, p. 1,178.

159.
    Jefferson Fish,
Drugs and Society
(2006), p. 80.

160.
    Mike Gray,
Drug Crazy
(1998), p. 53.

161.
    Miller,
Case for Legalizing Drugs
, pp. 60, 189.

162.
    Richard Miller,
Drug Warriors and Their Prey
(1996), p. 3.

163.
    Sullum,
Saying Yes
, p. 115.

164.
    Adjusted to 2010 values. Ibid., p. 115.

165.
    Edward Shepard and Thomas Clifton, “Drug Testing,”
Working USA
, 31 Dec. 1998.

166.
    J. White and G.D. Batty, “Intelligence across Childhood in Relation to Illegal Drug Use in Adulthood,”
J. Epidemiol. Community Health
, 14 Nov. 2011.

167.
    Sullum,
Saying Yes
, p. 14.

168.
    Paul Gahlinger,
Illegal Drugs
(2001), p. 6.

169.
    Ibid., p. 43.

170.
    Ibid., p. 44.

171.
    Huston Smith,
Cleansing the Doors of Perception
(2000), p. 21.

172.
    Ibid., pp. 20–21.

173.
    Sullum,
Saying Yes
, p. 164.

174.
    Smith,
Cleansing the Doors
, p. 105.

175.
    Gahlinger,
Illegal Drugs
, p. 36.

176.
    Anne Moir and David Jessel,
Brain Sex
(1991), p. 48.

177.
    A woman complained of her partner, “It’s hard to talk to a drunk, and yet it’s the only time he shows me any real feelings.” Ibid., p. 111.

178.
    Sue and Shane Stevens are pseudonyms.

179.
    Sullum,
Saying Yes
, p. 184.

180.
    Ibid, p. 185.

181.
    Ibid.

182.
    Gahlinger,
Illegal Drugs
, p. 338, and ibid., p. 171.

183.
    Sect. from Mike Gray,
Drug Crazy
(1998), pp. 183–185.

184.
    Ibid., p. 184.

185.
    Radley Balko, “War Over Prescription Painkillers,”
HuffingtonPost.com
, 29 Jan. 2012.

186.
    David Fishbain, et al., “What Percentage of Chronic Nonmalignant Pain Patients . . .,”
Pain Med
., 2008, 9(4).

187.
    Gahlinger,
Illegal Drugs
, p. 206.

188.
    Ibid.

189.
    From flap of Tom Brokaw’s
The Greatest Generation
(2004).

190.
    Nassir Ghaemi,
A First-Rate Madness
(2011), pp. 171–172.

191.
    Richard Davenport-Hines,
Pursuit of Oblivion
(2002), p. 308.

192.
    Paragraph from Jacob Sullum,
Saying Yes
(2003), pp. 208–209

193.
    Gahlinger,
Illegal Drugs
, p. 353.

194.
    Davenport-Hines,
Pursuit of Oblivion
, p. 82.

195.
    Ibid., pp. 55–56.

196.
    David Hillman,
Chemical Muse
(2008), pp. 136–137.

197.
    People who use large amounts of digitalis see the world in a yellow-green tint and often see yellow spots surrounded by coronas. In one of Van Gogh’s paintings his doctor is holding the plant from which digitalis is extracted. Van Gogh’s doctor likely gave him digitalis to treat his epilepsy. Paul Wolf, “Creativity and Chronic Disease,”
West. J. Med
., Nov. 2001, p. 348.

198.
    Robert Crumb and Peter Poplaski,
R. Crumb Handbook
(2005), p. 132.

199.
    Davenport-Hines,
Pursuit of Oblivion
, p. 331.

200.
    Gahlinger,
Illegal Drugs
, p. 401.

201.
    Hashish is marijuana resin.

202.
    Gahlinger,
Illegal Drugs
, p. 35.

203.
    Russ Kick,
Disinformation Book of Lists
(2004), p. 28.

204.
    Jian Ghomeshi, “Brian Wilson Talks about Drug Use on QTV,”
Q with Jian Ghomeshi
, 20 May 2011.