1968 (72 page)

351
“not smart enough to lose interest in it.” Life,
October 18, 1968.

351
The U.S. has seldom . . . a fresh political experience. Time,
July 5, 1968.

352
“a sovereign state too.” Life,
April 19, 1968.

352
“can you smuggle in a canoe.”
Ibid.

352
“no personal point of view on anything.”
Philip Marchand,
Marshall McLuhan: The Medium Is the Messenger
(Cambridge: MIT Press, 1998), 219.

352
“Mercedes the car or Mercedes the girl?” The New York Times,
June 16, 1986.

353
“the Europeans have the theory”
Lewis Cole, interviewed June 2002.

353
“Jerry Rubin, just do it.”
Daniel Cohn-Bendit, interviewed March 2003.

354
he would say “de Gaulle.” The New York Times,
June 13, 1968.

354
“Or even two months ago?” Sunday Times
(London), June 16, 1968.

354
“older Germans just glared at him.”
Lewis Cole, interviewed June 2002.

356
“realized nothing would happen.”
Mark Rudd, interviewed April 2002.

358
“but the Senate need not confirm them.” Time,
July 5, 1968.

358
contact with Griffin through John Ehrlichman
, John W. Dean,
The Rehnquist Choice: The Untold Story of the Nixon Appointment That Redefined the Supreme Court
(New York: Touchstone, 2001), 2 and note 6.

358
before Fortas was on the bench.
Dean,
The Rehnquist Choice,
and Laura Kalman,
Abe Fortas: A Biography
(New Haven: Yale University Press, 1990), 340.

359
“South and accolades from the Northeast.” The New York Times,
August 10, 1968.

360
distasteful to the South.
Mailer,
Miami and the Siege of Chicago,
73.

361
“Nig-ger-a-o . . .”
John Cohen,
The Essential Lenny Bruce
(New York: Bell Publishing Company, 1970), 59–60.

361
“getting tired of Negroes and their rights.”
Mailer,
Miami and the Siege of Chicago,
51.

361
“There is no way in hell . . . give a damn about us.” The New York Times,
August 11, 1968.

362
“veto powers over what is happening.”
Ibid., August 12, 1968.

362
more information on this later.
Ibid., September 9, 1968.

362
“most of the time it does.”
Ibid.

362
“losing their sense of humor.” The New York Times,
September 25, 1968.

363 our
tanks and
our
children. Life,
September 27, 1968.

363
“has had it militarily”
Ibid.

363
“There is none.” The New York Times,
October 13, 1968.

364
“peapickers and peckerwoods.”
Ibid., October 29, 1968.

364
“who will take care of things.” The New York Times Magazine,
October 27, 1968.

365
Nixon and Humphrey were equally friendly to Israel. The New York Times,
November 7, 1968.

365
three additional seats in Georgia.
Ibid., November 6, 1968.

CHAPTER 21:
 The Last Hope

366
“almost unnoticed” Life,
December 13, 1968.

368
“law enforcement’s most effective tool against crime.” The New York Times,
November 24, 1968.

368
a Westchester volunteer said.
Ibid., December 7, 1968.

368
but the establishment press
,
Time,
December 6, 1968.

368
“bad cops” who did not take orders.
Ibid.

369
“contempt” for the flag. The New York Times,
October 4, 1968.

369
“as night follows day”
Ibid., December 7, 1968.

369
But the mayor had no comment.
Ibid., December 2, 1968.

372
forty-eight years in prison, one was sentenced to twelve years, and one was acquitted.
Ibid., December 13, 1968.

372
“send its troops to occupy American campuses.” Ramparts,
June 15, 1968.

372
“There are no innocent bystanders anymore.” The New York Times,
December 6, 1968.

374
rumors of a Powell run for president. Newsweek,
September 11, 1995.

374
“oversold” the prospects for peace as the election approached. The New York Times,
December 14, 1968.

374
eleven different configurations
, Langguth,
Our Vietnam,
530.

375
14,589 American servicemen . . . the highest casualties of the entire war.
Sheehan,
A Bright Shining Lie,
726.

376
“the ideology of reform Communism.”
Mlynár,
Nightfrost in Prague,
232.

377
“The system inhibited change.”
Dubcek,
Hope Dies Last,
165.

377
The suppression . . . profound stagnation.
Mikhail Gorbachev and Zdenek Mlynár,
Conversations with Gorbachev
(New York: Columbia University Press, 2002), 65.

378
I wanted to create a democracy . . . the other half feels successful.
Jacek Kuro´n, interviewed June 2001.

378
“We have passed . . . relationships among our people.” The New York Times,
December 16, 1968.

379
“more powerful than he could ever be.”
Marchand,
Marshall McLuhan,
219.

380
“I can recognize . . . I could see he was one.”
Adam Michnik, interviewed June 2001.

381
$44 billion on space missions. The New York Times,
October 1, 1968.

381
blast out of the earth’s orbit and go to the moon. Time,
October 11, 1968.

382
I really believe . . . not envious or envied.
Michael Collins,
Carrying the Fire: An Astronaut’s Journey
(New York: Cooper Square Press, 2001), 470.

383
To get back up to the shining world from there
, Closing stanzas of Dante’s
Inferno,
translated by Robert Pinsky.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

GENERAL

L’Année dans le monde: Les Faits de 1968, 1969.
Paris: Arthaud, 1969.

Les Grands Événements 1968.
Paris: Solar et Presses de la Cité, 1969.

Allyn, David.
Make Love, Not War: The Sexual Revolution, an Unfettered History.
Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 2000.

Berman, Paul.
A Tale of Two Utopias: The Political Journey of the Generation of 1968.
New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1996.

Caute, David.
The Year of the Barricades: A Journey Through 1968.
New York: Harper & Row, 1988.

Charter, Ann, ed.
The Portable Sixties Reader.
New York: Penguin Classics, 2003.

Collins, Michael,
Carrying the Fire: An Astronaut’s Journeys.
New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1974.

Fraser, Ronald, ed.
1968: A Student Generation in Revolt.
New York: Pantheon Books, 1988.

Gitlin, Todd.
The Sixties: Years of Hope, Days of Rage.
Toronto: Bantam Books, 1987.

Goodman, Mitchell, ed.
The Movement Toward a New America: A New Beginning of a Long Revolution.
Philadelphia: Pilgrim Press, 1970.

Hobsbawm, Eric, and Marc Weitzmann.
1968 Magnum Throughout the World.
Paris: Éditions Hazan, 1998.

Katzman, Allen, ed.
Our Time: An Anthology of Interviews from the East Village Other.
New York: Dial Press, 1972.

Kopkind, Andrew.
The Thirty Years War: Dispatches and Diversions of a Radical Journalist.
London: New York, 1995.

Marwick, Arthur.
The Sixties: Cultural Revolution in Britain, France, Italy, and the United States c. 1958–1974.
Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.

Schulke, Flip, and Matt Schudel.
Witness to Our Times: My Life as a Photojournalist.
Chicago: Marcato, 2003.

AMERICA

The Kerner Report: The 1968 Report of the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders.
New York: Pantheon Books, 1988.

Califano, Joseph A., Jr.
The Triumph and Tragedy of Lyndon B. Johnson: The White House Years.
New York: Simon & Schuster, 1991.

Cohen, Robert, and Reginald E. Zelnik, eds.
The Free Speech Movement: Reflections on Berkeley in the 1960s.
Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002.

Dean, John W.
The Rehnquist Choice: The Untold Story of the Nixon Appointment That Redefined the Supreme Court.
New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001.

Dellinger, David.
From Yale to Jail: The Life Story of a Moral Dissenter.
New York: Pantheon Books, 1996.

Goodwin, Richard N.
Remembering America: A Voice from the Sixties.
Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1988.

Hayden, Tom.
Rebellion and Repression.
New York: Meridian Books, 1969.

———.
Rebel: A Personal History of the 1960s.
Los Angeles: Red Hen Press, 2003.

———.
Reunion: A Memoir.
New York: Collier Books, 1989.

Hoffman, Abbie.
Revolution for the Hell of It.
New York: Dial Press, 1968.

Isserman, Maurice, and Michael Kazin.
America Divided: The Civil War of the 1960s.
New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.

Kaiser, Charles.
1968 in America: Music, Politics, Chaos, Counterculture, and the Shaping of a Generation.
New York: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1988.

Lesher, Stephan.
George Wallace: American Populist.
Reading, Pa.: Addison-Wesley Publishing, 1994.

Raskin, Jonah.
For the Hell of It: The Life and Times of Abbie Hoffman.
Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996.

Royko, Mike.
Boss: Richard J. Daley of Chicago.
New York: Plume, 1988.

Schlesinger, Arthur.
Robert Kennedy and His Times,
vols. 1 and 2. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1978.

Schultz, John.
No One Was Killed: Documentation and Meditation: Convention Week, Chicago, August 1968.
Chicago: Big Table Publishing Company, 1998.

Servan-Schreiber, Jean-Jacques.
The American Challenge.
New York: Atheneum, 1968.

Solberg, Carl.
Hubert Humphrey: A Biography.
New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1984.

Steel, Ronald.
In Love with Night: The American Romance with Robert Kennedy.
New York: Touchstone, 2000.

Thomas, Evan.
Robert Kennedy: His Life.
New York: Simon & Schuster, 2000.

Wall, Byron, ed.
Manual for Draft-Age Immigrants to Canada.
Toronto: House of Anansi, 1970.

Witcover, Jules.
The Year the Dream Died: Revisiting 1968 in America.
New York: Warner Books, 1997.

CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT

Carson, Clayborne, David Garrow, Bill Kovach, and Carol Polsgrove, eds.
Reporting Civil Rights: Part One, American Journalism 1941–1963; Part Two, American Journalism 1963–1973.
New York: Library of America, 2003.

Cleaver, Eldridge.
Soul on Ice.
New York: Delta Trade Paperbacks, 1992.

Garrow, David J.
Bearing the Cross: And the Southern Christian Leadership Conference.
New York: William Morrow & Co., 1986.

———.
The FBI and Martin Luther King, Jr.: From “Solo” to Memphis.
New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1981.

Halberstam, David.
The Children.
New York: Fawcett Books, 1998.

Haley, Alex.
The Autobiography of Malcolm X.
New York: Ballantine Books, 1992.

King, Mary.
Freedom Song: A Personal Story of the 1960s Civil Rights Movement.
New York: William Morrow & Co., 1987.

Lester, Julius.
Look Out, Whitey!: Black Power’s Gon’ Get Your Mama.
New York: Dial Press, 1968.

Pearson, Hugh.
The Shadow of the Panther: Huey Newton and the Price of Black Power in America.
Reading, Pa.: Addison-Wesley Publishing, 1994.

CUBA

Gosse, Van.
Where the Boys Are: Cuba, Cold War America and the Making of a New Left.
London: Verso, 1993.

Matthews, Herbert L.
Cuba.
New York: Macmillan, 1964.

Mills, C. Wright.
Listen, Yankee: The Revolution in Cuba.
New York: McGraw-Hill, 1960.

Szulc, Tad.
Fidel: A Critical Portrait.
New York: William Morrow & Co., 1986.

Thomas, Hugh.
Cuba: The Pursuit of Freedom.
New York: Harper & Row, 1971.

CULTURE

Cohen, John.
The Essential Lenny Bruce.
New York: Bell Publishing, 1970.

Graham, Bill, and Robert Greenfield.
Bill Graham Presents: My Life Inside Rock and Out.
New York: Doubleday, 1992.

Herbst, Peter, ed.
The Rolling Stone Interviews: Talking with the Legends of Rock & Roll 1967–1980.
New York: St. Martin’s Press/Rolling Stone Press, 1981.

Heslam, David, ed.
Rock ’n’ Roll Decades: The Sixties.
London: Octopus Illustrated Publishing, 1992.

CZECHOSLOVAKIA

Chapman, Colin.
August 21st: The Rape of Czechoslovakia.
London: Cassell & Company, 1968.

Dubcek, Alexander.
Hope Dies Last: The Autobiography of Alexander Dubcek.
Jiri Hochman, ed. and trans. New York: Kodansha International, 1993.

Ello, Hugh, and Hugh Lunghi.
Dubcek’s Blueprint for Freedom: His Documents on Czechoslovakia Leading to the Soviet Invasion.
London: William Kimber & Co., 1969.

French Communist Party.
Et Les Événements de Tchécoslovaquie.
Paris: Bulletin de Propagande, no. 5, Septembre 1968.

Gorbachev, Mikhail, and Zdenek Mlynár.
Conversations with Gorbachev: On Perestroika, the Prague Spring, and the Crossroads of Socialism.
George Shriver, trans. New York: Columbia University Press, 2002.

Mlynár, Zdenek.
Night Frost in Prague: The End of Humane Socialism.
Paul Wilson, ed. New York: Karz Publishers, 1980.

Piekalkiewicz, Jaroslaw A.
Public Opinion Polling in Czechoslovakia, 1968–69: Results and Analysis of Surveys Conducted During the Dubcek Era.
New York: Praeger Publishers, 1972.

Salomon, Michel.
Prague: La Révolution étranglée, Janvier–Août 1968.
Paris: Robert Laffront, 1968.

Schwartz, Harry.
Prague’s 200 Days: The Struggle for Democracy in Czechoslovakia.
London: Pall Mall Press, 1969.

Shawcross, William.
Dub
ek.
New York: Simon & Schuster, 1990.

Valenta, Jiri.
Soviet Intervention in Czechoslovakia 1968: Anatomy of a Decision.
Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991.

Williams, Kieran.
The Prague Spring and Its Aftermath: Czechoslovak Politics 1968–1970.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

Zeman, Z. A. B.
Prague Spring: A Report on Czechoslovakia 1968.
New York: Penguin Books, 1969.

DRUGS

Leary, Timothy.
Flashbacks.
Los Angeles: J. P. Tarcher, 1983.

Lee, Martin A., and Bruce Shalin.
Acid Dreams: The Complete Social History of LSD: The CIA, the Sixties, and Beyond.
New York: Grove Press, 1992.

Wolfe, Tom.
The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test.
New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1968.

FEMINISM

Davis, Flora.
Moving the Mountain: The Women’s Movement in America Since 1960.
New York: Simon & Schuster, 1991.

de Beauvoir, Simone.
The Second Sex: The Class Manifesto of the Liberated Woman.
New York: Vintage, 1974.

Evans, Sara.
Personal Politics: The Roots of Women’s Liberation in the Civil Rights Movement and the New Left.
New York: Vintage Books, 1980.

Friedan, Betty.
The Feminine Mystique.
New York: Laurel, 1983.

Morgan, Robin.
Going Too Far: The Personal Chronicle of a Feminist.
New York: Random House, 1977.

FRANCE

Andro, P., A. Dauvergne, and L. M. Lagoutte.
Le Mai de la révolution.
New York: Julliard, 1968.

Aron, Raymond.
La Révolution introuvable: Réflexions sur les événements de Mai.
Paris: Librairie Arthème Fayard, 1968.

Ayache, Alain, ed.
Les Citations de la révolution de Mai.
Paris: Pauvert, 1968.

Barbey, Bruno.
Mai 68: ou L’imagination au pouvoir.
Paris: Éditions de la Différence/Vence: Galerie Beaubourg, 1998.

Cohn-Bendit, Daniel.
Le Gauchisme: Remède à la madie sénile du communisme.
Paris: Éditions du Seuil, 1968.

Dansette, Adrien.
Mai 1968.
Paris: Librairie Plon, 1971.

Dark Star, ed.
Beneath the Paving Stones: Situationists and the Beach, May 1968.
Edinburgh: AK Press/Dark Star, 2001.

Duprat, François.
Les Journées de Mai 68: Les Dessous une révolution.
Paris: N.E.L. et Défense de l’Occident, 1968.

Fabre-Luce, Alfred.
Le Général en Sorbonne.
Paris: Éditions de la Table Ronde, 1968.

Fauré, Christine.
Mai 68: Jour et nuit.
Paris: Découvertes Gallimard Histoire, 1998.

Feenberg, Andrew, and Jim Freedman.
When Poetry Ruled the Street: The French May Events of 1968.
Albany: State University of New York Press, 2001.

Filouche, Gérard.
68–98, Histoire sans fin.
Paris: Flammarion, 1998.

Grimaud, Maurice.
En Mai fais ce qu’il te plaît: Le Préfet de police de Mai 68 parle.
Paris: Éditions Stock, 1977.

Hamon, Hervé, and Patrick Rotman.
Génération,
vol. 1:
Les Années de rêve.
Paris: Éditions du Seuil, 1987.

Harris, André, and Alain de Sédouy.
Juifs & Français.
Paris: Éditions Grasset-Fasquelle, 1979.

Hartley, Anthony.
Gaullism: The Rise and Fall of a Political Movement.
New York: Outerbridge & Dienstfrey, 1971.

Joffrin, Laurent.
Mai 68: Histoire des événements.
Paris: Éditions du Seuil, 1998.

Karvetz, Marc.
L’Insurrection étudiante 2–13 Mai 1968.
Paris: Union Générale d’Éditions, 1968.

Labro, Philippe.
Les Barricades de Mai.
Paris: Solar & Agence Gamma, 1968.

———.
Ce N’Est qu’un début.
Paris: Éditions et Publications Premières, 1968.

Lacouture, Jean.
Pierre Mendès-France.
George Holoch, trans. New York: Holmes & Meier, 1984.

———.
De Gaulle 3: Le Souverain, 1959–1970.
Paris: Éditions du Seuil, 1986.

Les Murs ont la parole: Journal mural Mai 68.
Paris: Claude Tchou, 1968.

Mai 68: À l’Usage des moins de 20 ans.
Babel-Actes Sud, 1998.

Nairn, Tom, and Angelo Quattrocchi,
The Beginning of the End.
London: Verso, 1998.

Séguy, Georges.
“Le Mai” de la C.G.T.
Paris: Julliard, 1972.

Tournoux, J. R.
Le mois de Mai du général: Livre blanc des événements.
Paris: Librairie Plon, 1969.

GERMANY

Ardagh, John.
Germany and the Germans: An Anatomy of Society Today.
New York: Harper & Row, New York, 1987.