270
written about in major newspapers. The New York Times,
March 24, 1968.
273
local Chicago youth.
John Schultz,
No One Was Killed: Documentation and Meditation: Convention Week, Chicago—August 1968
(Chicago: Big Table Publishing Company, 1998; original 1969), 2.
274
“recent Berkeley and Paris incidents.”
Raskin,
For the Hell of It,
149.
274
Judge William Lynch, Daley’s former law partner
, Royko,
Boss,
179.
274
“an actor for TV.”
Schultz,
No One Was Killed,
49.
275
Food! Ham! Parks belong to pigs.
Ibid., 53.
276 Sun-Times
and
Daily News
. . . only scared the police.
Royko,
Boss,
179.
277
“the idealism of the young
,
”
Schultz,
No One Was Killed,
68.
278
“I can hardly wait,” he said.
Carl Solberg,
Hubert Humphrey: A Biography
(New York: W. W. Norton, 1984), 356–57.
278
terrified of taking on a Kennedy as was Nixon.
Ibid., 357–58.
278
backed off until their posted 11:00 curfew.
Raskin,
For the Hell of It,
159.
279
a McCarthy campaign sticker on it.
Schultz,
No One Was Killed,
116.
280
“See you at eleven o’clock, kid.”
Ibid., 103.
281
“are basically sound,”
Solberg,
Hubert Humphrey,
356.
282
stuffing them into paddy wagons.
Schultz,
No One Was killed,
171–76.
282
Mailer reported.
Mailer,
Miami and the Siege of Chicago,
171.
283
to drive out hypocrisy.
Schumacher,
Dharma Lion,
516.
284
“That’s part of the Chicago style. . . .” Chicago Sun-Times,
December 12, 1976.
284
Daley angrily insisted
,
The New York Times,
August 30, 1968.
284
“I was busy receiving guests,”
Solberg,
Hubert Humphrey,
364.
284
“We are going to look into all this.”
Ibid., 365.
285
“the advance guard of anarchy.” The New York Times,
August 30, 1968.
285
“probably used too much restraint.”
Ibid.
285
Is it any wonder police had to take action?
Solberg,
Hubert Humphrey,
370.
285
“Barnard girls” and “Columbia men.” Life,
November 22, 1968.
286
“Nixon will be elected President.”
Raskin,
For the Hell of It,
170.
286
Vietnam had its worst week
,
The New York Times,
August 30, 1968.
CHAPTER 17:
The Sorrow of Prague East
287
Alexander Dubcek, August 1990
, Valenta,
Soviet Intervention in Czechoslovakia 1968,
Dubcek’s introduction, x.
288
solidify in law the achievements of the Prague Spring.
Dubcek,
Hope Dies Last,
173–78.
288
Soviet military support. The New York Times,
August 22, 1968.
288
“It is my personal tragedy.”
Schwartz,
Prague’s 200 Days,
217.
288
“So they did it after all—and to
me!
”
Mlynár,
Nightfrost in Prague,
146.
289
spread to his own country.
Ibid., 155–56.
290
“such things to our leadership.”
Valenta,
Soviet Intervention in Czechoslovakia 1968,
173–75.
290
4,600 tanks and 165,000 soldiers of the Warsaw Pact
, Kieran Williams,
The Prague Spring and Its Aftermath: Czechoslovak Politics—1968–1970
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997), 112.
291
including small armored vehicles, fuel, The New York Times,
September 1, 1968.
291
it had all been a misunderstanding.
Dubcek,
Hope Dies Last,
182.
292
manager had been a Soviet agent.
Ibid., 183.
293
in gun barrels.
Colin Chapman,
August 21st: The Rape of Czechoslovakia
(London: Cassell, 1968), 8.
294
five thousand American tourists.
Schwartz,
Prague’s 200 Days,
214.
294
broadcast . . . around the world. The New York Times,
August 22, 1968.
295
Jack Gould wrote
, Ibid., August 22 and 23, 1968.
296
shouted, “Get out!”
Schwartz,
Prague’s 200 Days
, 220.
296
the leaflets scattered over the Czech lands turned out to be
, Ibid., 220–21.
297
plotting to overthrow Poland.
Williams,
The Prague Spring and Its Aftermath,
139.
297
“progressives of the entire world.” The New York Times,
September 28, 1968.
297
reports of gunfire exchanged
, Ibid., September 1, 1968.
298
“by an elite of her children.”
Ibid., August 25, 1968.
299
progress that was being made in U.S.-Soviet negotiations
, Ibid., August 22, 1968.
299
other high-level Czech leaders.
Schwartz,
Prague’s 200 Days,
230.
299
“as they did in 1945.”
Mlynár,
Nightfrost in Prague,
197.
300
“Ah, Mr. President, but how beautiful it would be
,
”
Ibid., 197.
300
slipping in a bathroom.
Ibid., 277.
301
Miroslav Beránek was shot
, Williams,
The Prague Spring and Its Aftermath,
158.
301
“with whom you are dealing?”
Mlynár,
Nightfrost in Prague,
232.
302
refusing to negotiate without him.
Schwartz,
Prague’s 200 Days,
231.
303
“sacrifices of World War II.”
Mlynár,
Nightfrost in Prague,
237–41.
305
refugee status in other countries. Time,
October 4, 1968.
CHAPTER 18:
The Ghastly Strain of a Smile
307
“We also all felt, well, grown up;”
Robin Morgan,
Going Too Far: The Personal Chronicle of a Feminist
(New York: Random House, 1977), 62–63.
308
because violence seemed unlikely.
Todd Gitlin,
The Whole World Is Watching: Mass Media in the Making and Unmaking of the New Left
(Berkeley: University of California Press, 1980), 182.
308
Morgan had her regrets.
Morgan,
Going Too Far,
63.
308
Shana Alexander wrote in
Life:
Life,
September 20, 1968.
309
“from Mayor Daley’s kiss.”
Morgan,
Going Too Far,
64–65.
309
a “Nixon for President” button. The New York Times,
September 8, 1968.
309
“let’s stop trying to prove it over and over again.”
Sara Evans,
Personal Politics: The Roots of Women’s Liberation in the Civil Rights Movement & the New Left
(New York: Vintage Books, 1980), 4.
310
asked Friedan to come speak.
Davis,
Moving the Mountain,
50, 52.
310
The average age of matrimony was twenty.
Ibid., 17.
311
to make sure they were complying.
Ibid., 18.
311
United States had more female stockholders than male. The New York Times,
March 10, 1968.
311
to win a combat decoration.
Ibid., January 1, 1969.
311
over the age of sixteen were working.
Davis,
Moving the Mountain,
59.
312
“A chicken in every pot, a whore in every home.” The New York Times Magazine,
March 10, 1968.
312
rejected by every Congress since 1923.
Ibid.
313
“That’s too manly, too . . . white.”
Ibid.
313
I was difficult . . . if necessary.
King,
Freedom Song,
43.
314
“that streak was in him also.”
Garrow,
Bearing the Cross,
374–76, 617.
314
“You’ve got to fuck it to make it change.”
Allyn,
Make Love, Not War,
102.
314
attributed the problem largely to his own “ignorance”
Correspondence with author, July 2003.
314
“as an issue!”
Chen and Zelnik,
The Free Speech Movement,
130.
315
more than one thousand arrests.
Evans,
Personal Politics,
73.
315
David Dellinger was shocked
, Dellinger,
From Yale to Jail,
299.
315
“non committal with his sidelong glance.”
King,
Freedom Song,
450.
315
was received as a joke.
Ibid., 451–52.
316
not one responded.
Ibid., 448–74.
316
almost all of them lawyers. The New York Times Magazine,
March 10, 1968.
317
the first one in Berlin in January 1968.
Demetz,
After the Fires,
73.
318
“a bunch of cool cookies
,
” The New York Times Magazine,
March 10, 1968.
318
would do the cleaning while the men meditated.
Allyn,
Make Love, Not War,
103.
319
“Maxis Are Monstrous” The New York Times,
March 14, 1968.
319
would gain complete acceptance in the next five years. Time,
April 19, 1968.
320
“now or never, and I’m very much afraid it’s now.” Life,
October 18, 1968.
CHAPTER 19:
In an Aztec Place
321
Octavio Paz, Posdata.
All Spanish translations, unless otherwise indicated, are by the author.
321
“than their own even exist.”
Elena Poniatowska,
Massacre in Mexico
(Columbia, Mo.: University of Missouri Press, 1975), introduction, x.
325
declined by several hundred thousand.
T. R. Fehrenbach,
Fire and Blood: A History of Mexico
(New York: Macmillan, 1973), 524.
326
“Steady economic growth within” The New York Times,
January 22, 1968.
326
“The economy of the country had made such progress”
Octavio Paz,
Posdata
(Mexico City: Siglo XXI, 2002; original ed., 1970), 32.
328
anything other than sports. Life,
March 15, 1968.
328
78 percent of disposable income in Mexico went to only the upper 10 percent.
Ifigenia Martinez, interviewed October 2002.
329
“they saw it as revolutionary liberators.”
Roberto Escudero, interviewed October 2002.
330
“We wore jeans and indigenous-style shirts.”
Salvador Martínez de la Roca, interviewed October 2002.
332
“I think it was caused by inertia”
Lorenzo Meyer, interviewed October 2002.
332
“French Communist Party and world bureaucracy.”
Ministry of the Interior files stored in Lecumberri.
333
“and that was an accident.”
Roberto Escudero, interviewed October 2002.
333
“coming to destabilized Mexico.”
Roberto Rodríguez Baños, interviewed September 2002.
334
“The students were as free as you could be in this society.”
Lorenzo Meyer, interviewed October 2002.
334
shave off his beard to enter.
Schumacher,
Dharma Lion,
507.
334
“to dress well or badly as he sees fit.” The New York Times,
April 19, 1968.
335
the attack remains unknown.
Ramón Ramírez,
El Movimiento estudiantil de México
(
Julio/Diciembre de 1968
) (Mexico City: Ediciones Era, 1998; original ed., 1969), 145–47; and Raúl Álvarez Garín,
La Estela de Tlatelolco: Una Reconstrucción histórica del movimiento estundiantil del 68
(Mexico City: Editorial Ithaca, 1998), 30.
335
confirmed in documents released in 1999. The New York Times,
June 29, 1999.
336
“their principle of only having public dialogue.”
Roberto Escudero, interviewed October 2002.
336
The architecture student Jean-Claude Leveque
,
The New York Times,
December 15, 1968.
337
including discontent over one-party rule. U.S. News & World Report,
August 12, 1968.
339
thought to have been held in prison
,
The New York Times,
September 21, 1968.
339
exchanges of gunfire and one policeman killed
, Ibid., September 24, 1968.
339
the long-awaited dialogue was a disaster.
Raúl Álvarez Garín, interviewed October 1968.
339
“The meeting ended very badly”
Roberto Escudero, interviewed October 1968.
339
“an angry, blood-splattered face.”
Poniatowska,
Massacre in Mexico,
introduction, xii.
341
“listen as much when a woman spoke”
Myrthokleia Gonzalez Gallardo, interviewed October 2002.
343
were killed by the military in the 1970s. The New York Times,
July 16, 2002.
343
“Families don’t come forward”
Martínez de la Roca, interviewed October 2002.
343
“All of us were reborn on October 2.”
Elena Poniatowska,
La Noche de Tlatelolco
(Mexico City: Era, 1971), 267.
CHAPTER 20:
Theory and Practice for the Fall Semester
347
“100,000 at the Olympic Stadium in Mexico City.” The New York Times,
October 13, 1968.
350
“stand up for black Americans.” Augusta Chronicle,
May 20, 1998.